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SI13/UNDECIDABILITY/nltk-similar-words_nami.ipynb

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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# NLTK - Similar Words"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"https://www.nltk.org/book/ch01.html#searching-text"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import nltk"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"txt = open('unt.txt').read()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 48,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import random"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Tokens"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {
"scrolled": true
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"['Undecidability', 'Silvia', 'Bottiroli', 'Multiplying', 'the', 'Visible', 'The', 'word', '[', 'i', ']', 'undecidable', '[', 'i', ']', 'appears', 'in', '[', 'i', ']', 'Six', 'Memos', 'for', 'the', 'Next', 'Millennium', '[', 'i', ']', 'written', 'by', 'Italo', 'Calvino', 'in', '1985', 'for', 'his', 'Charles', 'Eliot', 'Norton', 'poetry', 'lectures', 'at', 'Harvard', 'University', '.', 'In', 'the', 'last', 'months', 'of', 'his', 'life', 'Calvino', 'worked', 'feverishly', 'on', 'these', 'lectures', ',', 'but', 'died', 'in', 'the', 'process', '.', 'In', 'the', 'five', 'memos', 'he', 'left', 'behind', ',', 'he', 'did', 'not', 'only', 'open', 'up', 'on', 'values', 'for', 'a', 'future', 'millennium', 'to', 'come', 'but', 'also', 'seemed', 'to', 'envision', 'future', 'as', 'a', 'darkness', 'that', 'withholds', 'many', 'forms', 'of', 'visibility', 'within', '.', 'Calvino', '', 's', 'fourth', 'memo', ',', '[', '1', ']', '[', 'i', ']', 'Visibility', '[', 'i', ']', ',', 'revolves', 'around', 'the', 'capacity', 'of', 'literature', 'to', 'generate', 'images', 'and', 'to', 'create', 'a', 'kind', 'of', '“', 'mental', 'cinema', '”', 'where', 'fantasies', 'can', 'flow', 'continuously', '.', 'Calvino', 'focuses', 'on', 'the', 'imagination', 'as', '“', 'the', 'repertory', 'of', 'what', 'is', 'potential', ';', 'what', 'is', 'hypothetical', ';', 'what', 'does', 'not', 'exist', 'and', 'has', 'never', 'existed', ';', 'and', 'perhaps', 'will', 'never', 'exist', 'but', 'might', 'have', 'existed.', '”', '[', '2', ']', 'The', 'main', 'concern', 'that', 'he', 'brings', 'forth', 'lies', 'within', 'the', 'relation', 'between', 'contemporary', 'culture', 'and', 'imagination', ':', 'the', 'risk', 'to', 'definitely', 'lose', ',', 'in', 'the', 'overproduction', 'of', 'images', ',', 'the', 'power', 'of', 'bringing', 'visions', 'into', 'focus', 'with', 'our', 'eyes', 'shut', 'and', 'in', 'fact', 'of', '“', '[', 'i', ']', 'thinking', '[', 'i', ']', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'images.', '”', '[', '3', ']', 'In', 'the', 'last', 'pages', 'of', 'the', 'lecture', ',', 'he', 'proposes', 'a', 'shift', 'from', 'understanding', 'the', 'fantastic', 'world', 'of', 'the', 'artist', ',', 'not', 'as', 'indefinable', ',', 'but', 'as', '[', 'i', ']', 'undecidable', '[', 'i', ']', '.', 'With', 'this', 'word', ',', 'Calvino', 'means', 'to', 'define', 'the', 'coexistence', 'and', 'the', 'relation', ',', 'within', 'any', 'literary', 'work', ',', 'between', 'three', 'different', 'dimensions', '.', 'The', 'first', 'dimension', 'is', 'the', 'artist', '', 's', 'imagination', '', 'a', 'world', 'of', 'potentialities', 'that', 'no', 'work', 'will', 'succeed', 'in', 'realizing', '.', 'The', 'second', 'is', 'the', 'reality', 'as', 'we', 'experience', 'it', 'by', 'living', '.', 'Finally', ',', 'the', 'third', 'is', 'the', 'world', 'of', 'the', 'actual', 'work', ',', 'made', 'by', 'the', 'layers', 'of', 'signs', 'that', 'accumulate', 'in', 'it', ';', 'compared', 'to', 'the', 'first', 'two', 'worlds', ',', 'it', 'is', '“', 'also', 'infinite', ',', 'but', 'more', 'easily', 'controlled', ',', 'less', 'refractory', 'to', 'formulation.', '”', '[', '4', ']', 'He', 'calls', 'the', 'link', 'between', 'these', 'three', 'worlds', '“', 'the', 'undecidable', ',', 'the', 'paradox', 'of', 'an', 'infinite', 'whole', 'that', 'contains', 'other', 'infinite', 'wholes.', '”', '[', '5', ']', 'For', 'Calvino', ',', 'artistic', 'operations', 'involve', ',', 'by', 'the', 'means', 'of', 'the', 'infinity', 'of', 'linguistic', 'possibilities', ',', 'the', 'infinity', 'of', 'the', 'artist', '', 's', 'imagination', ',', 'and', 'the', 'infinity', 'of', 'contingencies', '.', 'Therefore', ',', '“', '[', 'the', ']', 'attempts', 'to', 'escape', 'the', 'vortex', 'of', 'multiplicity', 'are', 'useless.', '”', '[', '6', ']', 'In', 'his', 'fifth', 'memo', ',', 'he', 'subsequently', 'focuses', 'on', '[', 'i', ']', 'multiplicity', '[', 'i', ']', 'as', 'a', 'way', 'for', 'literature', 'to', 'comprehend', 'the', 'complex', 'nature', 'of', 'the', 'world', 'that', 'for', 'the', 'author', 'is', 'a', 'whole', 'of', 'wholes', ',', 'where', 'the', 'acts', 'of', 'watching', 'and', 'knowing', 'also', 'intervene', 'in', 'the', 'observed', 'reality', 'and', 'alter', 'it', '.', 'Calvino', 'is', 'particularly', 'fascinated', 'by', 'literary', 'works', 'that', 'are', 'built', 'upon', 'a', 'combinatory', 'logic', 'or', 'that', 'are', 'readable', 'as', 'different', 'narratives', '.', 'The', 'lecture', 'revolves', 'around', 'some', 'novels', 'that', 'contain', 'multiple', 'worlds', 'and', 'make', 'space', 'for', 'the', 'readers', '', 'imaginations', '.', 'The', 'common', 'source', 'to', 'all', 'these', 'experiments', 'seems', 'to', 'rely', 'in', 'the', 'understanding', 'of', 'the', 'contemporary', 'novel', '“', 'as', 'an', 'encyclopedia', ',', 'as', 'a', 'method', 'of', 'knowledge', ',', 'and', ',', 'above', 'all', ',', 'as', 'a', 'network', 'of', 'connections', 'between', 'the', 'events', ',', 'the', 'people', ',', 'and', 'the', 'things', 'of', 'the', 'world.', '”', '[', '7', ']', 'Therefore', ',', 'let', '', 's', 'think', 'visibility', 'and', 'multiplicity', 'together', ',', 'as', ':', 'a', 'multiplication', 'of', 'visibilities', '.', 'They', 'are', 'traits', 'specific', 'to', 'artistic', 'production', 'and', 'define', 'a', 'context', 'for', 'the', 'undecidable', ',', 'or', 'rather', 'for', 'undecidability', ',', 'as', 'the', 'quality', 'of', 'being', 'undecidable', '.', 'Calvino', 'seems', 'to', 'suggest', 'that', 'literature', '[', '8', ']', 'can', 'be', 'particularly', 'productive', 'of', 'futures', ',', 'if', 'it', 'makes', 'itself', 'visible', 'and', 'multiple', '.', 'Which', 'is', 'to', 'say', ',', 'if', 'it', 'doesn', '', 't', 'give', 'up', 'on', 'involving', 'radically', 'different', 'realities', 'into', 'its', 'operation', 'modes', 'and', 'doesn', '', 't', 'fade', 'out', 'from', 'the', 'scene', 'of', 'the', '', 'real', '', 'world', '.', 'We', 'might', 'stretch', 'this', 'line', 'of', 'thought', 'a', 'bit', 'further', 'and', 'propose', 'that', 'art', '', 's', 'potentiality', 'is', 'that', 'of', 'multiplying', 'the', 'visible', 'as', 'an', 'actual', 'counterstrategy', 'to', 'the', 'proliferation', 'of', 'images', 'that', 'surrounds', 'us', '.', 'A', 'strategy', 'that', 'is', 'capable', 'of', 'producing', 'different', 'conditions', 'of', 'visibility', '.', 'Embracing', 'what', 'we', 'are', 'capable', 'to', 'see', 'but', 'also', 'think', 'and', 'imagine', ',', 'to', 'fantasise', 'and', 'conceptualise', ';', 'and', 'bringing', 'into', 'existence', 'different', 'configurations', 'of', 'public', 'spaces', ',', 'collective', 'subjectivities', ',', 'and', 'social', 'gatherings', '.', 'Actual', 'and', 'Potential', 'Worlds', 'In', 'fact', ',', 'undecidability', 'is', 'a', 'specific', 'force', 'at', 'work', 'that', 'consciously', 'articulates', ',', 'redefines', ',', 'or', 'alters', 'the', 'complex', 'system', 'of', 'links', ',', 'bounds', ',', 'and', 'resonances', 'between', 'different', 'potential', 'and', 'actual', 'worlds', '.', 'In', 'this', 'sense', ',', 'undecidability', 'is', 'a', 'quality', 'specific', 'to', 'some', 'artworks', 'within', 'which', 'the', 'three', 'worlds', 'that', 'Calvino', 'describes', 'meet', 'and', 'yet', 'remain', 'untouched', ',', 'autonomous', ',', 'and', 'recognizable', '.', 'An', 'artwork', 'can', 'indeed', 'create', 'a', 'magnetic', 'field', 'where', 'different', 'actual', 'worlds', 'coexist', 'and', ',', 'by', 'living', 'next', 'to', 'each', 'other', 'yet', 'not', 'sharing', 'a', 'common', 'horizon', ',', 'generate', 'a', 'potential', 'world', '.', 'Then', '', 'potential', '', 'does', 'not', 'mean', '', 'possible.', '', 'In', 'fact', ',', 'if', 'something', 'is', 'possible', 'when', 'it', 'contains', 'and', 'under', 'certain', 'terms', 'performs', 'the', 'possibility', 'of', 'its', 'actualisation', ',', 'a', 'world', 'is', 'potential', 'when', 'it', 'can', 'maintain', 'its', 'potentiality', 'and', 'never', 'actualize', 'itself', 'into', 'one', 'actual', 'form', '.', 'In', 'particular', ',', 'the', 'potentiality', 'generated', 'by', 'undecidable', 'artworks', 'is', 'grounded', 'in', 'a', 'logic', 'of', 'addition', 'and', 'contradiction', 'that', 'is', 'specific', 'of', 'art', '.', 'A', 'logic', 'of', '', 'and…', 'and…', 'and…', '', 'as', 'opposite', 'to', 'the', 'logic', 'of', '', 'either…', 'or…', '', 'that', 'seems', 'to', 'rule', 'reality', '.', 'Artworks', 'are', 'places', 'where', 'contradictory', 'realities', 'can', 'coexist', 'without', 'withdrawing', 'or', 'cancelling', 'each', 'other', 'out', '.', 'They', 'can', 'be', 'sites', 'of', 'existence', 'and', 'of', 'experience', 'where', 'images', 'let', 'go', 'of', 'their', 'representational', 'nature', 'and', 'just', 'exist', 'as', 'such', '.', 'None', 'of', 'the', 'images', 'of', 'an', 'artwork', 'are', 'being', 'more', 'or', 'less', 'real', 'than', 'the', 'others', ',', 'no', 'matter', 'whether', 'they', 'come', 'as', 'pieces', 'of', 'reality', 'or', 'as', 'products', 'of', 'individual', 'or', 'collective', 'fantasies', '.', 'It', 'is', 'the', 'art', '(', 'work', ')', 'as', 'such', 'that', 'creates', 'a', 'ground', 'where', 'all', 'the', 'images', 'that', 'come', 'into', 'visibility', 'share', 'the', 'same', 'gradient', 'of', 'reality', ',', 'no', 'matter', 'whether', 'they', 'harmoniously', 'coexist', 'or', 'are', 'radically', 'conflicting', '.', 'If', 'every', 'work', 'builds', 'up', 'complete', 'systems', 'that', 'are', 'offered', 'to', 'its', 'visitors', 'or', 'spectators', 'to', 'enter', 'into', '', 'if', 'the', 'invitation', 'of', 'art', 'is', 'often', 'that', 'of', 'losing', 'the', 'contact', 'with', 'known', 'worlds', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'slip', 'into', 'others', '', 'something', 'radically', 'different', 'happens', 'within', 'an', 'art', 'that', 'practices', 'its', 'undecidability', '.', 'Here', ',', 'spectators', 'are', 'invited', 'to', 'enter', 'the', 'work', '', 's', 'fictional', 'world', 'carrying', 'with', 'themselves', 'the', 'so-called', 'real', 'world', 'and', 'all', 'their', 'other', 'fictional', 'worlds', ';', 'a', 'space', 'is', 'created', 'where', 'all', 'these', 'worlds', 'are', 'equally', 'welcomed', '.', 'The', 'artwork', 'may', 'then', 'be', 'navigated', 'either', 'by', 'only', 'choosing', 'one', 'layer', 'of', 'reality', ',', 'or', 'by', 'continuously', 'stepping', 'from', 'one', 'world', 'to', 'another', '', 'different', 'dimensions', 'are', 'made', 'available', 'without', 'any', 'form', 'of', 'hierarchy', 'or', 'predicted', 'relations', '.', 'Such', 'dynamics', 'seems', 'to', 'occur', 'in', 'performative', 'works', 'in', 'particular', ',', 'as', 'the', 'contemporaneity', 'of', 'production', ',', 'consumption', ',', 'and', 'experience', 'that', 'is', 'typical', 'of', 'performance', 'intensifies', 'the', 'possibility', 'of', 'undecidable', 'links', 'between', 'different', 'realities', '.', 'Moreover', ',', 'in', 'the', 'live', 'arts', 'the', 'curatorial', 'context', 'is', 'normally', 'visible', 'as', 'well', 'and', 'provides', 'one', 'more', 'layer', 'to', 'the', 'work', 'by', 'framing', 'or', 'mediating', 'it', '.', 'Azdora', 'A', 'good', 'example', 'of', 'an', 'undecidable', 'artwork', 'is', 'Markus', 'Öhrn', '', 's', '[', 'i', ']', 'Azdora', '[', 'i', ']', ',', 'a', 'long-term', 'project', 'that', 'was', 'initiated', 'and', 'coproduced', 'by', 'Santarcangelo', 'Festival', 'in', '2015', '.', 'As', 'the', 'festival', 'artistic', 'director', 'at', 'that', 'time', 'I', 'had', 'the', 'chance', 'to', 'follow', 'and', 'support', 'the', 'project', '.', 'The', 'work', 'was', 'triggered', 'by', 'the', 'encounter', 'between', 'the', 'artist', ',', 'in', 'Santarcangelo', 'for', 'a', 'research', 'residency', ',', 'and', 'the', 'feminine', 'condition', 'present', 'in', 'traditional', 'family', 'structures', 'in', 'this', 'region', 'of', 'Italy', '.', 'In', 'particular', ',', 'what', 'struck', 'him', 'was', 'the', 'figure', 'of', 'the', '', 'azdora', ',', '', 'a', 'dialect', 'word', 'that', 'means', 'the', '', 'holder', '', 'of', 'the', 'house', 'and', 'of', 'the', 'family', '', 'the', 'woman', 'who', 'is', 'in', 'charge', 'of', 'the', 'domestic', 'life', 'and', 'of', 'the', 'labours', 'of', 'care', '.', 'This', 'figure', 'is', 'at', 'the', 'same', 'time', 'powerful', ',', 'subordinate', ',', 'and', 'even', 'repressed', ':', 'through', 'her', 'devotion', ',', 'she', 'is', 'sacrificed', 'to', 'the', 'family', 'and', 'to', 'the', 'care', 'of', 'the', 'relationships', 'that', 'keep', 'it', 'together', '.', 'Interested', 'in', 'investigating', 'this', 'feminine', 'figure', 'and', 'the', 'possibility', 'that', 'it', 'suggests', 'of', 'a', 'matriarchal', 'societal', 'structure', ',', 'the', 'artist', 'made', 'a', 'call', 'for', '', 'azdoras', '', 'to', 'work', 'together', 'with', 'him', 'on', 'the', 'creation', 'of', 'a', 'series', 'of', 'rituals', 'and', 'later', 'on', 'a', 'concert', '.', 'Both', 'the', 'rituals', 'and', 'the', 'concert', 'revolve', 'around', 'the', 'possibility', 'of', 'emancipation', 'and', 'the', 'exploration', 'of', 'the', 'wild', ',', 'even', 'destructive', 'side', 'of', 'the', 'figure', 'of', 'the', 'Azdora', '.', 'Twenty-eight', 'women', 'committed', 'to', 'a', 'long-term', 'project', 'together', 'with', 'Markus', 'Öhrn', 'and', 'dived', 'into', 'his', 'imagery', 'and', 'artistic', 'world', 'made', 'of', 'diverse', 'ingredients', 'among', 'which', 'were', 'the', 'tattoo', 'culture', ',', 'the', 'cult', 'of', 'bodybuilding', ',', 'and', 'the', 'noise', 'music', 'practice', '.', 'At', 'the', 'same', 'time', ',', 'the', '', 'azdoras', '', 'were', 'asked', 'to', 'bring', 'in', 'their', 'own', 'ingredients', ';', 'imageries', ',', 'concerns', ',', 'and', 'desires', '.', 'Together', 'with', 'the', 'artist', 'and', 'the', 'female', 'musician', '?', 'Alos', 'and', 'with', 'the', 'mediation', 'of', 'the', 'festival', ',', 'they', 'embarked', 'into', 'the', 'adventure', 'of', 'entering', 'a', 'place', 'that', 'did', 'not', 'exist', 'yet', ',', 'creating', 'a', 'new', 'set', 'of', 'rules', 'and', 'behaviours', 'for', 'themselves', 'and', 'for', 'the', 'spectators', 'who', 'would', 'eventually', 'join', 'their', 'rituals', ',', 'attend', 'their', 'noise', 'concert', ',', 'or', 'bump', 'into', 'their', 'interventions', 'in', 'the', 'public', 'space', 'during', 'the', 'festival', 'period', '.', 'Similar', 'to', 'other', 'artistic', 'projects', 'that', 'one', 'could', 'trace', 'back', 'to', 'the', 'practice', 'of', 'undecidability', ',', '[', 'i', ']', 'Azdora', '[', 'i', ']', 'mingles', 'different', 'realities', 'and', 'fantastic', 'worlds', 'and', 'also', 'activates', 'a', 'participatory', 'dynamic', ',', 'yet', 'preserving', '“', 'the', 'grey', '[', 'i', ']', 'artistic', '[', 'i', ']', 'work', 'of', 'participatory', 'art.', '”', '[', '9', ']', 'In', 'other', 'words', ',', 'it', 'creates', 'and', 'protects', 'a', 'space', 'of', 'indeterminacy', '.', 'In', 'fact', ',', '[', 'i', ']', 'Azdora', '[', 'i', ']', 'is', 'at', 'the', 'same', 'time', 'a', 'performative', 'picture', ',', 'an', 'artistic', 'fantasy', ',', 'a', 'community', 'theatre', 'work', ',', 'an', 'emancipatory', 'process', ',', 'an', 'ongoing', 'workshop', ',', 'a', 'social', 'ritual', ',', 'and', 'a', 'concert', '.', 'Furthermore', ',', 'from', 'the', 'project', 'a', 'documentary', 'movie', 'and', 'a', 'sociological', 'survey', 'have', 'been', 'produced', ',', '[', '10', ']', 'multiplying', 'the', 'possibility', 'to', 'access', 'the', 'work', 'from', 'different', 'angles', 'and', 'via', 'different', 'formats', '.', 'If', 'the', 'coexistence', 'of', 'different', 'media', 'already', 'implies', 'different', 'angles', ',', 'durations', ',', 'discourses', ',', 'and', 'forms', 'of', 'spectatorship', ',', 'the', 'performance', 'itself', 'keeps', 'an', 'undecidable', 'bound', 'between', 'its', 'real', 'and', 'fictional', 'ontologies', '.', 'The', 'performative', 'work', 'of', '[', 'i', ']', 'Azdora', '[', 'i', ']', 'is', 'then', 'intrinsically', '', 'political', '', 'according', 'to', 'Rancière', 'definition', 'of', '', 'metapolitics', ':', '', 'a', 'destabilising', 'action', 'that', 'produces', 'a', 'conflict', 'vis', 'à', 'vis', 'what', 'is', 'thinkable', 'and', 'speakable', '.', '[', 'i', ']', 'Azdora', '[', 'i', ']', 'allows', 'different', 'interpretations', 'and', 'produces', 'conflicting', 'discourses', ',', 'yet', 'remaining', 'untouched', '.', 'This', 'does', 'not', 'necessarily', 'mean', 'complete', 'though', 'as', ',', 'on', 'the', 'contrary', ',', 'it', 'is', 'generating', 'a', 'multiplicity', 'of', 'different', 'gazes', 'that', 'are', 'all', 'legitimate', 'and', 'complete', 'but', 'yet', 'do', 'not', 'exhaust', 'the', 'work', '.', 'This', 'is', 'what', 'makes', 'the', 'performance', 'itself', 'unfulfilled', 'and', 'thus', 'incomplete', 'and', 'open', '.', 'A', 'Multiplicity', 'of', 'Gazes', 'An', 'undecidable', 'artwork', 'is', ',', 'in', 'other', 'words', ',', 'a', 'site', 'where', 'different', 'and', 'even', 'contradictory', 'individual', 'experiences', 'unfold', 'and', 'coexist', ',', 'with', 'no', 'hierarchical', 'structure', 'and', 'no', 'orchestration', '.', 'It', 'is', 'a', 'site', 'where', 'spectators', '', 'gazes', 'are', 'not', 'composed', 'into', 'a', 'common', 'horizon', 'but', 'are', 'let', 'free', 'to', 'wildly', 'engage', 'with', 'all', 'the', 'realities', 'involved', ',', 'connecting', 'or', 'not', 'connecting', 'them', ',', 'and', 'in', 'the', 'end', 'to', 'experience', 'part', 'of', 'the', 'complex', '', 'whole', 'of', 'wholes', '', 'that', 'is', 'the', 'artwork', '(', 'while', 'being', 'aware', 'or', 'unaware', 'of', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'other', 'wholes', 'and', 'of', 'other', 'gazes', ')', '.', 'What', 'is', 'peculiar', 'to', 'this', 'kind', 'of', 'artworks', 'then', ',', 'and', 'what', 'within', 'them', 'can', 'produce', 'an', 'understanding', 'of', 'the', 'place', 'of', 'art', 'and', 'of', 'its', 'politics', 'today', ',', 'is', 'that', 'they', 'generate', 'a', 'multiplicity', 'of', 'gazes', 'and', 'of', 'forms', 'of', 'spectatorship', 'that', 'also', 'coexist', 'one', 'next', 'to', 'the', 'other', 'without', 'mediating', 'between', 'their', 'own', 'positions', 'and', 'points', 'of', 'view', '.', 'The', 'multiplicity', 'of', 'gazes', 'produced', 'and', 'gathered', 'by', 'undecidable', 'artworks', 'does', 'not', 'compose', 'itself', 'into', 'a', 'community', ',', 'as', 'there', 'is', 'no', '', 'common', '', 'present', '.', 'Rather', ',', 'it', 'generates', 'a', 'radical', 'collectivity', 'based', 'on', 'multiplicity', 'and', 'on', 'conflicting', 'positions', 'that', 'are', 'not', 'called', 'to', 'any', 'form', 'of', 'negotiation', ',', 'but', 'just', 'to', 'a', 'cohabitation', 'of', 'the', 'space', 'of', 'the', 'work', '.', 'Spectators', 'and', 'their', 'views', 'and', 'imaginations', 'are', 'acknowledged', 'as', 'equal', 'parts', 'of', 'a', 'collective', 'body', 'that', 'exist', 'next', 'to', 'each', 'other', '.', 'They', 'don', '', 't', 'fuse', 'in', 'one', 'common', 'thought', 'and', 'don', '', 't', 'see', 'or', 'reflect', 'one', 'common', 'image', ',', 'yet', 'effect', 'each', 'other', 'by', 'their', 'sheer', 'presence', 'and', 'existence', ',', 'operating', 'as', 'a', 'prism', 'that', 'multiplies', 'the', 'reality', 'it', 'reflects', '.', 'A', 'space', 'of', 'communication', 'is', 'opened', 'here', 'that', 'is', 'not', 'meant', 'for', 'unilateral', 'or', 'bilateral', 'exchanges', ',', 'but', 'rather', 'for', 'a', 'circulation', 'of', 'information', 'and', 'interpretations', '', 'both', 'of', 'fictions', 'and', 'projections', '.', 'A', 'circulation', 'over', 'which', 'no', 'one', '', 'not', 'even', 'the', 'artist', '', 'exercises', 'a', 'full', 'control', '.', 'The', 'place', 'of', 'the', 'author', 'is', 'then', 'challenged', 'and', 'responsibility', 'is', 'shared', 'with', 'the', 'audience', 'not', 'as', 'a', 'participant', ',', '[', '11', ']', 'but', 'rather', 'as', 'an', 'unknowable', 'and', 'undecidable', 'collective', 'body', 'that', 'receives', ',', 'reverberates', ',', 'and', 'twists', 'it', '.', 'Multiple', 'forms', 'of', 'public', 'spaces', 'and', 'collective', 'subjectivities', 'thus', 'arise', 'and', 'start', 'inhabiting', 'a', 'productive', 'time', 'that', 'goes', 'much', 'beyond', 'the', 'artwork', 'itself', 'and', 'is', 'still', 'loaded', 'by', 'the', 'specific', 'geography', 'of', 'infinities', 'that', 'it', 'has', 'produced', '.', 'The', 'kind', 'of', 'collective', 'body', 'that', 'undecidability', 'produces', 'could', 'of', 'course', 'be', 'seen', 'as', 'an', 'image', 'of', 'a', 'possible', 'or', 'future', 'societal', 'structure', ',', 'but', 'it', 'is', 'rather', 'an', 'enigmatic', 'subject', ':', 'it', 'is', 'not', 'there', 'to', 'actualize', 'itself', 'but', 'to', 'keep', 'being', 'a', 'sheer', ',', 'glimmering', 'potentiality', '.', 'Indeed', ',', 'as', 'a', 'practice', 'of', 'undecidability', ',', 'art', 'produces', 'a', 'collectivity', ',', 'a', 'future', 'time', ',', 'and', 'an', 'elsewhere', ',', 'but', 'does', 'not', 'claim', 'any', 'agency', 'over', 'them', '.', 'It', 'rather', 'operates', 'in', 'a', 'regime', 'of', 'prefiguration', ',', '[', '12', ']', 'which', 'is', 'to', 'say', 'it', 'does', 'not', 'tend', 'towards', 'a', 'pre-existing', ',', 'visible', 'image', '.', 'On', 'the', 'contrary', ',', 'it', 'proceeds', 'in', 'the', 'darkness', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'produce', 'different', 'forms', 'of', 'visibility', 'within', 'it', '.', 'Undecidability', 'could', 'then', 'be', 'detached', 'from', 'art', 'and', 'applied', 'to', 'curation', ',', 'instituting', 'processes', 'or', 'even', 'to', 'politics', 'at', 'large', ':', 'the', 'unfolding', 'of', 'its', 'resonances', 'and', 'consequences', 'already', 'opens', 'this', 'possibility', 'and', 'even', 'beckons', 'it', '.', 'Nevertheless', ',', 'acknowledging', 'it', 'as', 'specific', 'to', 'art', ',', 'and', 'thus', 'as', 'a', 'means', 'without', 'ends', ',', 'seems', 'to', 'better', 'protect', 'the', 'inner', 'nature', 'and', 'the', 'intact', 'potentiality', 'of', 'a', 'quality', 'that', 'does', 'not', 'make', 'itself', 'available', 'for', 'any', 'use', 'and', 'does', 'not', 'serve', 'any', 'agenda', ',', 'but', 'stays', 'autonomous', 'and', 'operates', 'by', 'creating', 'its', 'own', 'conditions', 'all', 'over', 'again', '.', 'Ultimately', ',', 'a', 'political', 'dimension', 'does', 'spring', 'from', 'an', 'art', 'that', 'practices', 'its', 'undecidability', 'and', 'from', 'its', 'encounter', 'with', 'a', 'multiplicity', 'of', 'gazes', '.', 'Preserving', 'it', 'is', 'possible', 'also', 'by', 'curating', 'the', 'relation', 'between', 'the', 'artworks', 'and', 'their', 'spectators', 'and', 'by', 'setting', 'the', 'conditions', 'for', 'an', 'intensity', 'that', 'can', 'last', 'in', 'time', 'and', 'reverberate', 'much', 'wider', 'and', 'much', 'longer', 'than', 'in', 'the', 'actual', 'shared', 'space', 'and', 'time', 'of', 'the', 'performance', '.', 'Through', 'the', 'combination', 'of', 'the', 'encounter', 'between', 'undecidable', 'art', ',', 'multiplicity', 'of', 'gazes', ',', 'and', 'a', 'curatorial', 'dimension', 'a', 'condition', 'of', 'existence', 'is', 'produced', 'that', 'is', 'intrinsically', 'and', 'utterly', 'political', 'as', 'it', 'is', ',', 'with', 'Samuel', 'Beckett', '', 's', 'words', 'in', '[', 'i', ']', 'The', 'Unnamable', '[', 'i', ']', ',', 'about', 'being', '“', 'all', 'these', 'words', ',', 'all', 'these', 'strangers', ',', 'this', 'dust', 'of', 'words', ',', 'with', 'no', 'ground', 'for', 'their', 'settling', '”', '.', 'Footnotes', ':', '1', '.', 'Out', 'of', 'five', ',', 'the', 'sixth', 'lecture', 'was', 'never', 'written', ',', 'as', 'the', 'author', 'died', 'suddenly', 'and', 'the', 'series', 'remained', 'unfinished', ',', 'and', 'yet', 'published', 'with', 'its', 'original', ',', 'and', 'now', 'misleading', ',', 'title', '.', '2', '.', 'Italo', 'Calvino', ',', '[', 'i', ']', 'Visibility', ',', 'in', 'Six', 'Memos', 'for', 'the', 'Next', 'Millennium', '[', 'i', ']', ',', 'Harvard', 'University', 'Press', ',', 'Cambridge', '1988', ',', 'p.', '91', '.', '3.', 'ibid', ',', 'p.', '92', '.', '4.', 'ibid', ',', 'p.', '97', '.', '5.', 'ibid', '.', '6.', 'ibid', ',', 'p.', '98', '.', '7', '.', 'Italo', 'Calvino', ',', 'Multiplicity', ',', '[', 'i', ']', 'Six', 'Memos', 'for', 'the', 'Next', 'Millennium', '[', 'i', ']', ',', 'cit.', ',', 'p.', '105', '.', '8', '.', 'Or', '', 'art', '', 'which', 'is', 'the', 'term', 'I', 'will', 'use', 'below', 'for', 'the', 'rest', 'of', 'this', 'essay', '.', '9', '.', 'Claire', 'Bishop', ',', '[', 'i', ']', 'Artificial', 'Hells', '.', 'Participatory', 'Art', 'and', 'the', 'Politics', 'of', 'Spectatorship', '[', 'i', ']', ',', 'Verso', ',', 'London-New', 'York', '2012', ',', 'p.', '33', '.', '10', '.', 'Respectively', 'by', 'the', 'independent', 'filmmaker', 'Sarah', 'Barberis', 'and', 'by', 'the', 'researcher', 'Laura', 'Gemini', 'at', 'the', 'Urbino', 'University', '.', '11', '.', 'An', 'active', 'group', 'of', 'spectators', 'invited', 'to', 'exercise', 'their', 'agency', 'over', 'the', 'artwork', '12', '.', 'See', 'Valeria', 'Graziano', ',', '[', 'i', ']', 'Prefigurative', 'Practices', ':', 'Raw', 'Materials', 'for', 'a', 'Political', 'Positioning', 'of', 'Art', ',', 'Leaving', 'the', 'Avant-garde', '[', 'i', ']', ',', 'in', 'Elke', 'van', 'Campenhout', 'and', 'Lilia', 'Mestre', '(', 'ed', '.', ')', ',', 'Turn', ',', 'Turtle', '!', 'Reenacting', 'the', 'Institute', ',', 'Alexander', 'Verlag', ',', 'Berlin', '2016', ',', 'pp', '.', '158-172', '.']\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"tokens = nltk.word_tokenize(txt)\n",
"print(tokens)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## NLTK Text object"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<Text: Silvia Bottiroli Multiplying the Visible The word [ i>\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"text = nltk.Text(tokens)\n",
"print(text)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## similarities"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"real potentiality resonances spectatorship original\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# With a small next step ...\n",
"similar = text.similar(\"undecidability\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 31,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"the_world less_than its_and\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# And searching for contexts ...\n",
"contexts = text.common_contexts([\"real\"])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 32,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"s_is its_and the_generated glimmering_indeed intact_of\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"contexts2 = text.common_contexts([\"potentiality\"])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 33,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"and_between its_and\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"contexts3 = text.common_contexts([\"resonances\"])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 34,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"of_the of_that of_i\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"contexts4 = text.common_contexts([\"spectatorship\"])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 36,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"its_and\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"contexts5 = text.common_contexts([\"original\"])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 38,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"*START*_silvia for_as fact_is sense_is its_here of_i that_produces\n",
"of_art it_could its_and\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"contexts6 = text.common_contexts([\"undecidability\"])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## concordance"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 43,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Displaying 4 of 4 matches:\n",
"erent realities into its operation modes and doesn t fade out from the scene of the real world . We might stretch this line of thought a bit further and propose that art s \n",
"nature and just exist as such . None of the images of an artwork are being more or less real than the others , no matter whether they come as pieces of reality or as products of in\n",
"re invited to enter the work s fictional world carrying with themselves the so-called real world and all their other fictional worlds ; a space is created where all these worlds \n",
" forms of spectatorship , the performance itself keeps an undecidable bound between its real and fictional ontologies . The performative work of [ i ] Azdora [ i ] is then intrinsi\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# This is what you did with Michael before the break ...\n",
"concordance1 = text.concordance(\"real\", width=180)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 29,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Displaying 5 of 5 matches:\n",
"orld . We might stretch this line of thought a bit further and propose that art s potentiality is that of multiplying the visible as an actual counterstrategy to the proliferatio\n",
"he possibility of its actualisation , a world is potential when it can maintain its potentiality and never actualize itself into one actual form . In particular , the potentiality \n",
" potentiality and never actualize itself into one actual form . In particular , the potentiality generated by undecidable artworks is grounded in a logic of addition and contradict\n",
"ubject : it is not there to actualize itself but to keep being a sheer , glimmering potentiality . Indeed , as a practice of undecidability , art produces a collectivity , a future\n",
"s as a means without ends , seems to better protect the inner nature and the intact potentiality of a quality that does not make itself available for any use and does not serve any\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"concordance2 = text.concordance(\"potentiality\", width=180)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Displaying 2 of 2 matches:\n",
"ex system of links , bounds , and resonances between different potential and a\n",
"s at large : the unfolding of its resonances and consequences already opens th\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"concordance3 = text.concordance(\"resonances\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 25,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Displaying 3 of 3 matches:\n",
" of different media already implies different angles , durations , discourses , and forms of spectatorship , the performance itself keeps an undecidable bound between its real and fictional ontologie\n",
"rt and of its politics today , is that they generate a multiplicity of gazes and of forms of spectatorship that also coexist one next to the other without mediating between their own positions and po\n",
"s essay . 9 . Claire Bishop , [ i ] Artificial Hells . Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship [ i ] , Verso , London-New York 2012 , p. 33 . 10 . Respectively by the independent filmmake\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"concordance4 = text.concordance(\"spectatorship\", width=200)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 22,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Displaying 1 of 1 matches:\n",
"sixth lecture was never written , as the author died suddenly and the series remained unfinished , and yet published with its original , and now misleading , title . 2 . Italo Calvino , [ i ] Visibility , in Six Memos for the Next Millennium [ i ] , Harvard Un\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"concordance5 = text.concordance(\"original\", width=260)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"----------------"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 44,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "TypeError",
"evalue": "'NoneType' object is not iterable",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-44-15b93369784b>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mlist\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mconcordance1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'NoneType' object is not iterable"
]
}
],
"source": [
"list(concordance1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 45,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"li_real = ['Which is to say, if it doesnt give up on involving radically different realities into its operation modes and doesnt fade out from the scene of the real world.', 'Here, spectators are invited to enter the works fictional world carrying with themselves the so-called real world and all their other fictional worlds; a space is created where all these worlds are equally welcomed.', 'Here, spectators are invited to enter the works fictional world carrying with themselves the so-called real world and all their other fictional worlds; a space is created where all these worlds are equally welcomed.', 'If the coexistence of different media already implies different angles, durations, discourses, and forms of spectatorship, the performance itself keeps an undecidable bound between its real and fictional ontologies. ']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 46,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"['Which is to say, if it doesnt give up on involving radically different realities into its operation modes and doesnt fade out from the scene of the real world.', 'Here, spectators are invited to enter the works fictional world carrying with themselves the so-called real world and all their other fictional worlds; a space is created where all these worlds are equally welcomed.', 'Here, spectators are invited to enter the works fictional world carrying with themselves the so-called real world and all their other fictional worlds; a space is created where all these worlds are equally welcomed.', 'If the coexistence of different media already implies different angles, durations, discourses, and forms of spectatorship, the performance itself keeps an undecidable bound between its real and fictional ontologies. ']\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(li_real)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 49,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'Which is to say, if it doesnt give up on involving radically different realities into its operation modes and doesnt fade out from the scene of the real world.'"
]
},
"execution_count": 49,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"random.choice(li_real)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 50,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"li_potentiality =['We might stretch this line of thought a bit further and propose that arts potentiality is that of multiplying the visible as an actual counterstrategy to the proliferation of images that surrounds us. ', 'In fact, if something is possible when it contains and under certain terms performs the possibility of its actualisation, a world is potential when it can maintain its potentiality and never actualize itself into one actual form.', 'In particular, the potentiality generated by undecidable artworks is grounded in a logic of addition and contradiction that is specific of art.', 'The kind of collective body that undecidability produces could of course be seen as an image of a possible or future societal structure, but it is rather an enigmatic subject: it is not there to actualize itself but to keep being a sheer, glimmering potentiality.', 'Nevertheless, acknowledging it as specific to art, and thus as a means without ends, seems to better protect the inner nature and the intact potentiality of a quality that does not make itself available for any use and does not serve any agenda, but stays autonomous and operates by creating its own conditions all over again. ']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 51,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'We might stretch this line of thought a bit further and propose that arts potentiality is that of multiplying the visible as an actual counterstrategy to the proliferation of images that surrounds us. '"
]
},
"execution_count": 51,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"random.choice(li_potentiality)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 52,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"li_resonances = ['In fact, undecidability is a specific force at work that consciously articulates, redefines, or alters the complex system of links, bounds, and resonances between different potential and actual worlds.', 'Undecidability could then be detached from art and applied to curation, instituting processes or even to politics at large: the unfolding of its resonances and consequences already opens this possibility and even beckons it.']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 53,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'Undecidability could then be detached from art and applied to curation, instituting processes or even to politics at large: the unfolding of its resonances and consequences already opens this possibility and even beckons it.'"
]
},
"execution_count": 53,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"random.choice(li_resonances)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 54,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"li_spectatorship = ['If the coexistence of different media already implies different angles, durations, discourses, and forms of spectatorship, the performance itself keeps an undecidable bound between its real and fictional ontologies.', 'What is peculiar to this kind of artworks then, and what within them can produce an understanding of the place of art and of its politics today, is that they generate a multiplicity of gazes and of forms of spectatorship that also coexist one next to the other without mediating between their own positions and points of view.']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 55,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'What is peculiar to this kind of artworks then, and what within them can produce an understanding of the place of art and of its politics today, is that they generate a multiplicity of gazes and of forms of spectatorship that also coexist one next to the other without mediating between their own positions and points of view.'"
]
},
"execution_count": 55,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"random.choice(li_spectatorship)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 56,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"li_original = ['Out of five, the sixth lecture was never written, as the author died suddenly and the series remained unfinished, and yet published with its original, and now misleading, title.']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 57,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"['Out of five, the sixth lecture was never written, as the author died suddenly and the series remained unfinished, and yet published with its original, and now misleading, title.']\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(li_original)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 60,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"li_total = ['Which is to say, if it doesnt give up on involving radically different realities into its operation modes and doesnt fade out from the scene of the real world.', 'We might stretch this line of thought a bit further and propose that arts potentiality is that of multiplying the visible as an actual counterstrategy to the proliferation of images that surrounds us.', 'Undecidability could then be detached from art and applied to curation, instituting processes or even to politics at large: the unfolding of its resonances and consequences already opens this possibility and even beckons it.', 'What is peculiar to this kind of artworks then, and what within them can produce an understanding of the place of art and of its politics today, is that they generate a multiplicity of gazes and of forms of spectatorship that also coexist one next to the other without mediating between their own positions and points of view.']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 61,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"random.shuffle(li_total)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 62,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"['What is peculiar to this kind of artworks then, and what within them can produce an understanding of the place of art and of its politics today, is that they generate a multiplicity of gazes and of forms of spectatorship that also coexist one next to the other without mediating between their own positions and points of view.', 'Which is to say, if it doesnt give up on involving radically different realities into its operation modes and doesnt fade out from the scene of the real world.', 'Undecidability could then be detached from art and applied to curation, instituting processes or even to politics at large: the unfolding of its resonances and consequences already opens this possibility and even beckons it.', 'We might stretch this line of thought a bit further and propose that arts potentiality is that of multiplying the visible as an actual counterstrategy to the proliferation of images that surrounds us.']\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(li_total)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"sentence_whole = \"What is peculiar to this kind of artworks then, and what within them can produce an understanding of the place of art and of its politics today, is that they generate a multiplicity of gazes and of forms of spectatorship that also coexist one next to the other without mediating between their own positions and points of view. Which is to say, if it doesnt give up on involving radically different realities into its operation modes and doesnt fade out from the scene of the real world. Undecidability could then be detached from art and applied to curation, instituting processes or even to politics at large: the unfolding of its resonances and consequences already opens this possibility and even beckons it. We might stretch this line of thought a bit further and propose that arts potentiality is that of multiplying the visible as an actual counterstrategy to the proliferation of images that surrounds us.\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"str"
]
},
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(sentence_whole)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 21,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"sentence_swap1 = sentence_whole.replace(\"potentiality\", \"resonances\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 22,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"What is peculiar to this kind of artworks then, and what within them can produce an understanding of the place of art and of its politics today, is that they generate a multiplicity of gazes and of forms of spectatorship that also coexist one next to the other without mediating between their own positions and points of view. Which is to say, if it doesnt give up on involving radically different realities into its operation modes and doesnt fade out from the scene of the real world. Undecidability could then be detached from art and applied to curation, instituting processes or even to politics at large: the unfolding of its resonances and consequences already opens this possibility and even beckons it. We might stretch this line of thought a bit further and propose that arts resonances is that of multiplying the visible as an actual counterstrategy to the proliferation of images that surrounds us.\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(sentence_swap1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 23,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"sentence_swap2 = sentence_whole.replace(\"potentiality\", \"real\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 24,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"What is peculiar to this kind of artworks then, and what within them can produce an understanding of the place of art and of its politics today, is that they generate a multiplicity of gazes and of forms of spectatorship that also coexist one next to the other without mediating between their own positions and points of view. Which is to say, if it doesnt give up on involving radically different realities into its operation modes and doesnt fade out from the scene of the real world. Undecidability could then be detached from art and applied to curation, instituting processes or even to politics at large: the unfolding of its resonances and consequences already opens this possibility and even beckons it. We might stretch this line of thought a bit further and propose that arts real is that of multiplying the visible as an actual counterstrategy to the proliferation of images that surrounds us.\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(sentence_swap2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 25,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"sentence_swap3 = sentence_whole.replace(\"potentiality\", \"spectatorship\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 26,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"What is peculiar to this kind of artworks then, and what within them can produce an understanding of the place of art and of its politics today, is that they generate a multiplicity of gazes and of forms of spectatorship that also coexist one next to the other without mediating between their own positions and points of view. Which is to say, if it doesnt give up on involving radically different realities into its operation modes and doesnt fade out from the scene of the real world. Undecidability could then be detached from art and applied to curation, instituting processes or even to politics at large: the unfolding of its resonances and consequences already opens this possibility and even beckons it. We might stretch this line of thought a bit further and propose that arts spectatorship is that of multiplying the visible as an actual counterstrategy to the proliferation of images that surrounds us.\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(sentence_swap3)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 27,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"sentence_swap4 = sentence_whole.replace(\"potentiality\", \"original\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 28,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"What is peculiar to this kind of artworks then, and what within them can produce an understanding of the place of art and of its politics today, is that they generate a multiplicity of gazes and of forms of spectatorship that also coexist one next to the other without mediating between their own positions and points of view. Which is to say, if it doesnt give up on involving radically different realities into its operation modes and doesnt fade out from the scene of the real world. Undecidability could then be detached from art and applied to curation, instituting processes or even to politics at large: the unfolding of its resonances and consequences already opens this possibility and even beckons it. We might stretch this line of thought a bit further and propose that arts original is that of multiplying the visible as an actual counterstrategy to the proliferation of images that surrounds us.\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(sentence_swap4)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 29,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"myTuple = (sentence_swap1, sentence_swap2, sentence_swap3, sentence_swap4)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 58,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"total = \"\\n\\t\\t\".join(myTuple)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 59,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"str"
]
},
"execution_count": 59,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(total)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 66,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"What is peculiar to this kind of artworks then, and what within them can produce an understanding of the place of art and of its politics today, is that they generate a multiplicity of gazes and of forms of spectatorship that also coexist one next to the other without mediating between their own positions and points of view. Which is to say, if it doesnt give up on involving radically different realities into its operation modes and doesnt fade out from the scene of the real world. Undecidability could then be detached from art and applied to curation, instituting processes or even to politics at large: the unfolding of its resonances and consequences already opens this possibility and even beckons it. We might stretch this line of thought a bit further and propose that arts resonances is that of multiplying the visible as an actual counterstrategy to the proliferation of images that surrounds us.\n",
"\t\tWhat is peculiar to this kind of artworks then, and what within them can produce an understanding of the place of art and of its politics today, is that they generate a multiplicity of gazes and of forms of spectatorship that also coexist one next to the other without mediating between their own positions and points of view. Which is to say, if it doesnt give up on involving radically different realities into its operation modes and doesnt fade out from the scene of the real world. Undecidability could then be detached from art and applied to curation, instituting processes or even to politics at large: the unfolding of its resonances and consequences already opens this possibility and even beckons it. We might stretch this line of thought a bit further and propose that arts real is that of multiplying the visible as an actual counterstrategy to the proliferation of images that surrounds us.\n",
"\t\tWhat is peculiar to this kind of artworks then, and what within them can produce an understanding of the place of art and of its politics today, is that they generate a multiplicity of gazes and of forms of spectatorship that also coexist one next to the other without mediating between their own positions and points of view. Which is to say, if it doesnt give up on involving radically different realities into its operation modes and doesnt fade out from the scene of the real world. Undecidability could then be detached from art and applied to curation, instituting processes or even to politics at large: the unfolding of its resonances and consequences already opens this possibility and even beckons it. We might stretch this line of thought a bit further and propose that arts spectatorship is that of multiplying the visible as an actual counterstrategy to the proliferation of images that surrounds us.\n",
"\t\tWhat is peculiar to this kind of artworks then, and what within them can produce an understanding of the place of art and of its politics today, is that they generate a multiplicity of gazes and of forms of spectatorship that also coexist one next to the other without mediating between their own positions and points of view. Which is to say, if it doesnt give up on involving radically different realities into its operation modes and doesnt fade out from the scene of the real world. Undecidability could then be detached from art and applied to curation, instituting processes or even to politics at large: the unfolding of its resonances and consequences already opens this possibility and even beckons it. We might stretch this line of thought a bit further and propose that arts original is that of multiplying the visible as an actual counterstrategy to the proliferation of images that surrounds us.\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(total)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 67,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"f = open('total.html', 'w')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 68,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3664"
]
},
"execution_count": 68,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"f.write(total)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 72,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import PyPDF2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 74,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from PyPDF2 import PdfFileReader, PdfFileWriter"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 76,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Error: Unable to find file.\n",
"Error: Failed to open PDF file: \n",
" pdf/potentiality2.pdf\n",
"Errors encountered. No output created.\n",
"Done. Input errors, so no output created.\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"!pdftk pdf/potentiality2.pdf background pdf/potentiality.pdf output pdf/con.pdf "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 77,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Error: Unable to find file.\n",
"Error: Failed to open PDF file: \n",
" pdf/potentiality2.pdf\n",
"Errors encountered. No output created.\n",
"Done. Input errors, so no output created.\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"!pdftk pdf/potentiality2.pdf stamp pdf/potentiality.pdf output pdf/result.pdf "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 61,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from weasyprint import HTML, CSS\n",
"from weasyprint.fonts import FontConfiguration"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 17,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"sentence_swap1_bold = sentence_swap1.replace(\"resonances\", \"<strong>resonances</strong>\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 18,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"What is peculiar to this kind of artworks then, and what within them can produce an understanding of the place of art and of its politics today, is that they generate a multiplicity of gazes and of forms of spectatorship that also coexist one next to the other without mediating between their own positions and points of view. Which is to say, if it doesnt give up on involving radically different realities into its operation modes and doesnt fade out from the scene of the real world. Undecidability could then be detached from art and applied to curation, instituting processes or even to politics at large: the unfolding of its <strong>resonances</strong> and consequences already opens this possibility and even beckons it. We might stretch this line of thought a bit further and propose that arts <strong>resonances</strong> is that of multiplying the visible as an actual counterstrategy to the proliferation of images that surrounds us.\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(sentence_swap1_bold)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 19,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"f = open('ag.html', 'w')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 20,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"949"
]
},
"execution_count": 20,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"f.write(sentence_swap1_bold)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Read on"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"https://www.nltk.org/book/ch01.html#searching-text (recommended!)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.7.3"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 4
}