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S13-Words-for-the-Future-no.../python-cheatsheet.ipynb

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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Python cheatsheet"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"(non-complete, please use, modify, (re)publish!)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## string, integer, float"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"x = '3'\n",
"y = 3\n",
"z = 3.5"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"type(x)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"type(y)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"type(z)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"print(x * y) # Works"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"print(x + y) # Does not work: TypeError"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# From int to str\n",
"str(y)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# From str to int\n",
"int(x)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# From float to int\n",
"int(z)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## string operations"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s = 'hello!'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 12,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'HELLO!'"
]
},
"execution_count": 12,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.upper()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 13,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'hello!'"
]
},
"execution_count": 13,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.lower()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s.capitalize()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s.title()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'hallo!'"
]
},
"execution_count": 15,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.replace('e', 'a')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s.strip('!')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.count('l')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 16,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"False"
]
},
"execution_count": 16,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.endswith('o')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 17,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 17,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s.startswith('h')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# format a string\n",
"name = 'you'\n",
"t = 'hello {}'.format(name)\n",
"print(t)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# format a string (different way of writing the same!)\n",
"name = 'you'\n",
"t = f'hello {name}'\n",
"print(t)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## loops"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## if/elif/else"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 18,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"quilting is NOT in the list!\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# check if a word is in a list\n",
"words = ['hello', 'language', 'weaving']\n",
"word = 'quilting'\n",
"if word in words:\n",
" print(f'{word} is in the list!')\n",
"else:\n",
" print(f'{word} is NOT in the list!')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 19,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"the letter \"a\" is NOT in the word \"hello\"!\n",
"the letter \"a\" is in the word \"language\"!\n",
"the letter \"a\" is in the word \"weaving\"!\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# check if a letter is in a word\n",
"words = ['hello', 'language', 'weaving']\n",
"letter = 'a'\n",
"for word in words:\n",
" if letter in word:\n",
" print(f'the letter \"{letter}\" is in the word \"{word}\"!')\n",
" else:\n",
" print(f'the letter \"{letter}\" is NOT in the word \"{word}\"!')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 22,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"---\n",
"NO, the word \"programming\" is NOT in the sentence \"Software and language are intrinsically related, since software may process language, and is constructed in language.\"!\n",
"---\n",
"NO, the word \"programming\" is NOT in the sentence \"Yet language means different things in the context of computing: formal languages in which algorithms are expressed and software is implemented, and in so-called “natural” spoken languages.\"!\n",
"---\n",
"YES, the word \"programming\" is in the sentence \"There are at least two layers of formal language in software: programming language in which the software is written, and the language implemented within the software as its symbolic controls.\"!\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# check if a word is in a sentence\n",
"sentences = [\n",
" 'Software and language are intrinsically related, since software may process language, and is constructed in language.', \n",
" 'Yet language means different things in the context of computing: formal languages in which algorithms are expressed and software is implemented, and in so-called “natural” spoken languages.', \n",
" 'There are at least two layers of formal language in software: programming language in which the software is written, and the language implemented within the software as its symbolic controls.'\n",
"]\n",
"word = 'programming'\n",
"for sentence in sentences:\n",
" print('---')\n",
" if word in sentence:\n",
" print(f'YES, the word \"{word}\" is in the sentence \"{sentence}\"!')\n",
" else:\n",
" print(f'NO, the word \"{word}\" is NOT in the sentence \"{sentence}\"!')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 23,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"NO, the word \"hello\" DOES NOT end with \"-ing\"!\n",
"NO, the word \"language\" DOES NOT end with \"-ing\"!\n",
"YES, the word \"weaving\" ends with \"-ing\"!\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# check if a word ends with \"ing\"\n",
"words = ['hello', 'language', 'weaving']\n",
"for word in words:\n",
" if word.endswith('ing'):\n",
" print(f'YES, the word \"{word}\" ends with \"-ing\"!')\n",
" else:\n",
" print(f'NO, the word \"{word}\" DOES NOT end with \"-ing\"!')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## lists"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Make an empty list\n",
"bag = []"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"type(bag)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Add items to the list\n",
"word = 'hello'\n",
"bag.append(word)\n",
"print(bag)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# From list to string\n",
"' --- '.join(bag)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## dictionaries"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Make an empty dictionary\n",
"d = {}\n",
"\n",
"# or\n",
"\n",
"d = dict()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d['word'] = 10 \n",
"print(d)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d.keys()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## open(), read(), write(), close()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"*mode* can be: \n",
"\n",
"* `r` when the file will only be read\n",
"* `w` for only writing (an existing file with the same name will be erased)\n",
"* `a` opens the file for appending, any data written to the file is automatically added to the end\n",
"* `r+` opens the file for both reading and writing\n",
"\n",
"(The mode argument is optional: `r` will be assumed if it’s omitted.)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html#reading-and-writing-files"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"scrolled": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# open(), read()\n",
"txt = open('txt/language.txt', 'r').read()\n",
"print(txt)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# readlines()\n",
"lines = open('txt/language.txt', 'r').readlines()\n",
"print(lines)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# listdir() (open multiple files in a folder)\n",
"import os\n",
"folder = 'txt/words-for-the-future/'\n",
"for file in os.listdir(folder):\n",
" print(folder+file)\n",
" # txt = open(folder+file).read()\n",
" # print(txt)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# write() (returns a number, this is how many characters have been written to the file)\n",
"out = open('out.txt', 'w')\n",
"out.write('Hello!')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.7.3"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 4
}
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