diff --git a/notes/Ong_Orality_and_Literacy/Ong_Orality_and_Literacy_notes.md b/notes/Ong_Orality_and_Literacy/Ong_Orality_and_Literacy_notes.md
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--- a/notes/Ong_Orality_and_Literacy/Ong_Orality_and_Literacy_notes.md
+++ b/notes/Ong_Orality_and_Literacy/Ong_Orality_and_Literacy_notes.md
@@ -1,6 +1,24 @@
-# Notes from Ong, W.J. and Hartley, J. (2012) *Orality and literacy: the technologizing of the word*. Orality and literary. 30th anniversary ed.; 3rd ed. London ; New York: Routledge.
+# Notes from Ong, W.J. and Hartley, J. (2012) *Orality and literacy: the technologizing of the word*. Orality and literacy. 30th anniversary ed.; 3rd ed. London ; New York: Routledge.
 
-## Introduction
+## Synopsis
+
+Early media theory discourse centred around studies of the shift from oral to literate cultures, explored in the work of scholars such as Eric A. Havelock and Milman Parry.
+
+### Introduction
 
 (pg 3) "The electronic age is also an age of 'secondary orality', the orality of telephones, radio and television, which depends on writing and print for its existence."
 
+### 3 - Some Psychodynamics of Orality
+
+(pg 32) "Sound exists only when it is going out of existence... If I stop the movement of sound, I have nothing – only silence, no sound at all."
+
+chirographic & typographic cultures see names as labels - written or printed tags applied to objects
+
+(pg 33) "Oral folk have no sense of a name as a tag, for they have no idea of a name as something that can be seen. Written or printed representations of words can be labels; real, spoken words cannot be."
+
+knowing = ability to recall
+e.g. to say that you know Euclidean geometry is to mean that you can recall it from memory readily, not that it is fully present in your mind at all times.
+
+the absence of writing forces thinkers to "think memorable thoughts" (pg 34) - devising mnemonic patterns and formulas to store thoughts
+(pg 34) "Mnemonic needs determine even syntax"
+