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750 lines
27 KiB
Python
750 lines
27 KiB
Python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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werkzeug.serving
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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There are many ways to serve a WSGI application. While you're developing
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it you usually don't want a full blown webserver like Apache but a simple
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standalone one. From Python 2.5 onwards there is the `wsgiref`_ server in
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the standard library. If you're using older versions of Python you can
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download the package from the cheeseshop.
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However there are some caveats. Sourcecode won't reload itself when
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changed and each time you kill the server using ``^C`` you get an
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`KeyboardInterrupt` error. While the latter is easy to solve the first
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one can be a pain in the ass in some situations.
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The easiest way is creating a small ``start-myproject.py`` that runs the
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application::
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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from myproject import make_app
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from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
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app = make_app(...)
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run_simple('localhost', 8080, app, use_reloader=True)
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You can also pass it a `extra_files` keyword argument with a list of
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additional files (like configuration files) you want to observe.
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For bigger applications you should consider using `werkzeug.script`
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instead of a simple start file.
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:copyright: (c) 2013 by the Werkzeug Team, see AUTHORS for more details.
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:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
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"""
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from __future__ import with_statement
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import os
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import socket
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import sys
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import time
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import signal
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import subprocess
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try:
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import thread
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except ImportError:
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import _thread as thread
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try:
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from SocketServer import ThreadingMixIn, ForkingMixIn
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from BaseHTTPServer import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
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except ImportError:
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from socketserver import ThreadingMixIn, ForkingMixIn
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from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
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import werkzeug
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from werkzeug._internal import _log
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from werkzeug._compat import iteritems, PY2, reraise, text_type, \
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wsgi_encoding_dance
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from werkzeug.urls import url_parse, url_unquote
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from werkzeug.exceptions import InternalServerError, BadRequest
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class WSGIRequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler, object):
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"""A request handler that implements WSGI dispatching."""
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@property
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def server_version(self):
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return 'Werkzeug/' + werkzeug.__version__
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def make_environ(self):
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request_url = url_parse(self.path)
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def shutdown_server():
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self.server.shutdown_signal = True
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url_scheme = self.server.ssl_context is None and 'http' or 'https'
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path_info = url_unquote(request_url.path)
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environ = {
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'wsgi.version': (1, 0),
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'wsgi.url_scheme': url_scheme,
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'wsgi.input': self.rfile,
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'wsgi.errors': sys.stderr,
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'wsgi.multithread': self.server.multithread,
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'wsgi.multiprocess': self.server.multiprocess,
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'wsgi.run_once': False,
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'werkzeug.server.shutdown':
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shutdown_server,
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'SERVER_SOFTWARE': self.server_version,
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'REQUEST_METHOD': self.command,
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'SCRIPT_NAME': '',
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'PATH_INFO': wsgi_encoding_dance(path_info),
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'QUERY_STRING': wsgi_encoding_dance(request_url.query),
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'CONTENT_TYPE': self.headers.get('Content-Type', ''),
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'CONTENT_LENGTH': self.headers.get('Content-Length', ''),
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'REMOTE_ADDR': self.client_address[0],
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'REMOTE_PORT': self.client_address[1],
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'SERVER_NAME': self.server.server_address[0],
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'SERVER_PORT': str(self.server.server_address[1]),
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'SERVER_PROTOCOL': self.request_version
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}
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for key, value in self.headers.items():
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key = 'HTTP_' + key.upper().replace('-', '_')
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if key not in ('HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE', 'HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH'):
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environ[key] = value
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if request_url.netloc:
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environ['HTTP_HOST'] = request_url.netloc
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return environ
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def run_wsgi(self):
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if self.headers.get('Expect', '').lower().strip() == '100-continue':
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self.wfile.write(b'HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\r\n')
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environ = self.make_environ()
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headers_set = []
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headers_sent = []
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def write(data):
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assert headers_set, 'write() before start_response'
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if not headers_sent:
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status, response_headers = headers_sent[:] = headers_set
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try:
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code, msg = status.split(None, 1)
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except ValueError:
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code, msg = status, ""
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self.send_response(int(code), msg)
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header_keys = set()
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for key, value in response_headers:
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self.send_header(key, value)
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key = key.lower()
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header_keys.add(key)
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if 'content-length' not in header_keys:
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self.close_connection = True
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self.send_header('Connection', 'close')
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if 'server' not in header_keys:
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self.send_header('Server', self.version_string())
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if 'date' not in header_keys:
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self.send_header('Date', self.date_time_string())
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self.end_headers()
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assert type(data) is bytes, 'applications must write bytes'
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self.wfile.write(data)
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self.wfile.flush()
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def start_response(status, response_headers, exc_info=None):
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if exc_info:
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try:
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if headers_sent:
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reraise(*exc_info)
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finally:
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exc_info = None
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elif headers_set:
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raise AssertionError('Headers already set')
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headers_set[:] = [status, response_headers]
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return write
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def execute(app):
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application_iter = app(environ, start_response)
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try:
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for data in application_iter:
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write(data)
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if not headers_sent:
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write(b'')
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finally:
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if hasattr(application_iter, 'close'):
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application_iter.close()
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application_iter = None
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try:
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execute(self.server.app)
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except (socket.error, socket.timeout) as e:
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self.connection_dropped(e, environ)
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except Exception:
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if self.server.passthrough_errors:
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raise
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from werkzeug.debug.tbtools import get_current_traceback
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traceback = get_current_traceback(ignore_system_exceptions=True)
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try:
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# if we haven't yet sent the headers but they are set
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# we roll back to be able to set them again.
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if not headers_sent:
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del headers_set[:]
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execute(InternalServerError())
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except Exception:
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pass
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self.server.log('error', 'Error on request:\n%s',
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traceback.plaintext)
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def handle(self):
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"""Handles a request ignoring dropped connections."""
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rv = None
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try:
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rv = BaseHTTPRequestHandler.handle(self)
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except (socket.error, socket.timeout) as e:
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self.connection_dropped(e)
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except Exception:
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if self.server.ssl_context is None or not is_ssl_error():
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raise
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if self.server.shutdown_signal:
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self.initiate_shutdown()
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return rv
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def initiate_shutdown(self):
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"""A horrible, horrible way to kill the server for Python 2.6 and
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later. It's the best we can do.
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"""
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# Windows does not provide SIGKILL, go with SIGTERM then.
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sig = getattr(signal, 'SIGKILL', signal.SIGTERM)
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# reloader active
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if os.environ.get('WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN') == 'true':
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os.kill(os.getpid(), sig)
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# python 2.7
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self.server._BaseServer__shutdown_request = True
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# python 2.6
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self.server._BaseServer__serving = False
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def connection_dropped(self, error, environ=None):
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"""Called if the connection was closed by the client. By default
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nothing happens.
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"""
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def handle_one_request(self):
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"""Handle a single HTTP request."""
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self.raw_requestline = self.rfile.readline()
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if not self.raw_requestline:
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self.close_connection = 1
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elif self.parse_request():
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return self.run_wsgi()
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def send_response(self, code, message=None):
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"""Send the response header and log the response code."""
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self.log_request(code)
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if message is None:
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message = code in self.responses and self.responses[code][0] or ''
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if self.request_version != 'HTTP/0.9':
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hdr = "%s %d %s\r\n" % (self.protocol_version, code, message)
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self.wfile.write(hdr.encode('ascii'))
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def version_string(self):
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return BaseHTTPRequestHandler.version_string(self).strip()
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def address_string(self):
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return self.client_address[0]
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def log_request(self, code='-', size='-'):
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self.log('info', '"%s" %s %s', self.requestline, code, size)
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def log_error(self, *args):
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self.log('error', *args)
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def log_message(self, format, *args):
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self.log('info', format, *args)
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def log(self, type, message, *args):
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_log(type, '%s - - [%s] %s\n' % (self.address_string(),
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self.log_date_time_string(),
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message % args))
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#: backwards compatible name if someone is subclassing it
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BaseRequestHandler = WSGIRequestHandler
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def generate_adhoc_ssl_pair(cn=None):
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from random import random
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from OpenSSL import crypto
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# pretty damn sure that this is not actually accepted by anyone
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if cn is None:
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cn = '*'
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cert = crypto.X509()
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cert.set_serial_number(int(random() * sys.maxint))
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cert.gmtime_adj_notBefore(0)
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cert.gmtime_adj_notAfter(60 * 60 * 24 * 365)
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subject = cert.get_subject()
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subject.CN = cn
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subject.O = 'Dummy Certificate'
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issuer = cert.get_issuer()
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issuer.CN = 'Untrusted Authority'
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issuer.O = 'Self-Signed'
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pkey = crypto.PKey()
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pkey.generate_key(crypto.TYPE_RSA, 768)
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cert.set_pubkey(pkey)
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cert.sign(pkey, 'md5')
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return cert, pkey
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def make_ssl_devcert(base_path, host=None, cn=None):
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"""Creates an SSL key for development. This should be used instead of
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the ``'adhoc'`` key which generates a new cert on each server start.
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It accepts a path for where it should store the key and cert and
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either a host or CN. If a host is given it will use the CN
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``*.host/CN=host``.
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For more information see :func:`run_simple`.
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.. versionadded:: 0.9
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:param base_path: the path to the certificate and key. The extension
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``.crt`` is added for the certificate, ``.key`` is
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added for the key.
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:param host: the name of the host. This can be used as an alternative
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for the `cn`.
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:param cn: the `CN` to use.
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"""
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from OpenSSL import crypto
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if host is not None:
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cn = '*.%s/CN=%s' % (host, host)
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cert, pkey = generate_adhoc_ssl_pair(cn=cn)
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cert_file = base_path + '.crt'
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pkey_file = base_path + '.key'
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with open(cert_file, 'w') as f:
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f.write(crypto.dump_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, cert))
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with open(pkey_file, 'w') as f:
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f.write(crypto.dump_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, pkey))
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return cert_file, pkey_file
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def generate_adhoc_ssl_context():
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"""Generates an adhoc SSL context for the development server."""
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from OpenSSL import SSL
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cert, pkey = generate_adhoc_ssl_pair()
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ctx = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv23_METHOD)
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ctx.use_privatekey(pkey)
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ctx.use_certificate(cert)
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return ctx
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def load_ssl_context(cert_file, pkey_file):
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"""Loads an SSL context from a certificate and private key file."""
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from OpenSSL import SSL
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ctx = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv23_METHOD)
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ctx.use_certificate_file(cert_file)
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ctx.use_privatekey_file(pkey_file)
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return ctx
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def is_ssl_error(error=None):
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"""Checks if the given error (or the current one) is an SSL error."""
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if error is None:
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error = sys.exc_info()[1]
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from OpenSSL import SSL
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return isinstance(error, SSL.Error)
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class _SSLConnectionFix(object):
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"""Wrapper around SSL connection to provide a working makefile()."""
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def __init__(self, con):
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self._con = con
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def makefile(self, mode, bufsize):
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return socket._fileobject(self._con, mode, bufsize)
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def __getattr__(self, attrib):
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return getattr(self._con, attrib)
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def shutdown(self, arg=None):
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try:
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self._con.shutdown()
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except Exception:
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pass
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def select_ip_version(host, port):
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"""Returns AF_INET4 or AF_INET6 depending on where to connect to."""
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# disabled due to problems with current ipv6 implementations
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# and various operating systems. Probably this code also is
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# not supposed to work, but I can't come up with any other
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# ways to implement this.
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##try:
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## info = socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, socket.AF_UNSPEC,
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## socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0,
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## socket.AI_PASSIVE)
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## if info:
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## return info[0][0]
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##except socket.gaierror:
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## pass
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if ':' in host and hasattr(socket, 'AF_INET6'):
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return socket.AF_INET6
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return socket.AF_INET
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class BaseWSGIServer(HTTPServer, object):
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"""Simple single-threaded, single-process WSGI server."""
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multithread = False
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multiprocess = False
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request_queue_size = 128
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def __init__(self, host, port, app, handler=None,
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passthrough_errors=False, ssl_context=None):
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if handler is None:
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handler = WSGIRequestHandler
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self.address_family = select_ip_version(host, port)
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HTTPServer.__init__(self, (host, int(port)), handler)
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self.app = app
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self.passthrough_errors = passthrough_errors
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self.shutdown_signal = False
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if ssl_context is not None:
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try:
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from OpenSSL import tsafe
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except ImportError:
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raise TypeError('SSL is not available if the OpenSSL '
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'library is not installed.')
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if isinstance(ssl_context, tuple):
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ssl_context = load_ssl_context(*ssl_context)
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if ssl_context == 'adhoc':
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ssl_context = generate_adhoc_ssl_context()
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self.socket = tsafe.Connection(ssl_context, self.socket)
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self.ssl_context = ssl_context
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else:
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self.ssl_context = None
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def log(self, type, message, *args):
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_log(type, message, *args)
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def serve_forever(self):
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self.shutdown_signal = False
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try:
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HTTPServer.serve_forever(self)
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except KeyboardInterrupt:
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pass
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def handle_error(self, request, client_address):
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if self.passthrough_errors:
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raise
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else:
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return HTTPServer.handle_error(self, request, client_address)
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def get_request(self):
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con, info = self.socket.accept()
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if self.ssl_context is not None:
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con = _SSLConnectionFix(con)
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return con, info
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class ThreadedWSGIServer(ThreadingMixIn, BaseWSGIServer):
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"""A WSGI server that does threading."""
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multithread = True
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class ForkingWSGIServer(ForkingMixIn, BaseWSGIServer):
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"""A WSGI server that does forking."""
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multiprocess = True
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def __init__(self, host, port, app, processes=40, handler=None,
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passthrough_errors=False, ssl_context=None):
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BaseWSGIServer.__init__(self, host, port, app, handler,
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passthrough_errors, ssl_context)
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self.max_children = processes
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|
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def make_server(host, port, app=None, threaded=False, processes=1,
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request_handler=None, passthrough_errors=False,
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ssl_context=None):
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"""Create a new server instance that is either threaded, or forks
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or just processes one request after another.
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"""
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if threaded and processes > 1:
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raise ValueError("cannot have a multithreaded and "
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"multi process server.")
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elif threaded:
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return ThreadedWSGIServer(host, port, app, request_handler,
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passthrough_errors, ssl_context)
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elif processes > 1:
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return ForkingWSGIServer(host, port, app, processes, request_handler,
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passthrough_errors, ssl_context)
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else:
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return BaseWSGIServer(host, port, app, request_handler,
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passthrough_errors, ssl_context)
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|
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def _iter_module_files():
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# The list call is necessary on Python 3 in case the module
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# dictionary modifies during iteration.
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for module in list(sys.modules.values()):
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filename = getattr(module, '__file__', None)
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if filename:
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old = None
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while not os.path.isfile(filename):
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old = filename
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filename = os.path.dirname(filename)
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if filename == old:
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break
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else:
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if filename[-4:] in ('.pyc', '.pyo'):
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filename = filename[:-1]
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yield filename
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|
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def _reloader_stat_loop(extra_files=None, interval=1):
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"""When this function is run from the main thread, it will force other
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threads to exit when any modules currently loaded change.
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|
Copyright notice. This function is based on the autoreload.py from
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the CherryPy trac which originated from WSGIKit which is now dead.
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|
:param extra_files: a list of additional files it should watch.
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"""
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|
from itertools import chain
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|
mtimes = {}
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|
while 1:
|
|
for filename in chain(_iter_module_files(), extra_files or ()):
|
|
try:
|
|
mtime = os.stat(filename).st_mtime
|
|
except OSError:
|
|
continue
|
|
|
|
old_time = mtimes.get(filename)
|
|
if old_time is None:
|
|
mtimes[filename] = mtime
|
|
continue
|
|
elif mtime > old_time:
|
|
_log('info', ' * Detected change in %r, reloading' % filename)
|
|
sys.exit(3)
|
|
time.sleep(interval)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _reloader_inotify(extra_files=None, interval=None):
|
|
# Mutated by inotify loop when changes occur.
|
|
changed = [False]
|
|
|
|
# Setup inotify watches
|
|
from pyinotify import WatchManager, Notifier
|
|
|
|
# this API changed at one point, support both
|
|
try:
|
|
from pyinotify import EventsCodes as ec
|
|
ec.IN_ATTRIB
|
|
except (ImportError, AttributeError):
|
|
import pyinotify as ec
|
|
|
|
wm = WatchManager()
|
|
mask = ec.IN_DELETE_SELF | ec.IN_MOVE_SELF | ec.IN_MODIFY | ec.IN_ATTRIB
|
|
|
|
def signal_changed(event):
|
|
if changed[0]:
|
|
return
|
|
_log('info', ' * Detected change in %r, reloading' % event.path)
|
|
changed[:] = [True]
|
|
|
|
for fname in extra_files or ():
|
|
wm.add_watch(fname, mask, signal_changed)
|
|
|
|
# ... And now we wait...
|
|
notif = Notifier(wm)
|
|
try:
|
|
while not changed[0]:
|
|
# always reiterate through sys.modules, adding them
|
|
for fname in _iter_module_files():
|
|
wm.add_watch(fname, mask, signal_changed)
|
|
notif.process_events()
|
|
if notif.check_events(timeout=interval):
|
|
notif.read_events()
|
|
# TODO Set timeout to something small and check parent liveliness
|
|
finally:
|
|
notif.stop()
|
|
sys.exit(3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# currently we always use the stat loop reloader for the simple reason
|
|
# that the inotify one does not respond to added files properly. Also
|
|
# it's quite buggy and the API is a mess.
|
|
reloader_loop = _reloader_stat_loop
|
|
|
|
|
|
def restart_with_reloader():
|
|
"""Spawn a new Python interpreter with the same arguments as this one,
|
|
but running the reloader thread.
|
|
"""
|
|
while 1:
|
|
_log('info', ' * Restarting with reloader')
|
|
args = [sys.executable] + sys.argv
|
|
new_environ = os.environ.copy()
|
|
new_environ['WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN'] = 'true'
|
|
|
|
# a weird bug on windows. sometimes unicode strings end up in the
|
|
# environment and subprocess.call does not like this, encode them
|
|
# to latin1 and continue.
|
|
if os.name == 'nt' and PY2:
|
|
for key, value in iteritems(new_environ):
|
|
if isinstance(value, text_type):
|
|
new_environ[key] = value.encode('iso-8859-1')
|
|
|
|
exit_code = subprocess.call(args, env=new_environ)
|
|
if exit_code != 3:
|
|
return exit_code
|
|
|
|
|
|
def run_with_reloader(main_func, extra_files=None, interval=1):
|
|
"""Run the given function in an independent python interpreter."""
|
|
import signal
|
|
signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, lambda *args: sys.exit(0))
|
|
if os.environ.get('WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN') == 'true':
|
|
thread.start_new_thread(main_func, ())
|
|
try:
|
|
reloader_loop(extra_files, interval)
|
|
except KeyboardInterrupt:
|
|
return
|
|
try:
|
|
sys.exit(restart_with_reloader())
|
|
except KeyboardInterrupt:
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
def run_simple(hostname, port, application, use_reloader=False,
|
|
use_debugger=False, use_evalex=True,
|
|
extra_files=None, reloader_interval=1, threaded=False,
|
|
processes=1, request_handler=None, static_files=None,
|
|
passthrough_errors=False, ssl_context=None):
|
|
"""Start an application using wsgiref and with an optional reloader. This
|
|
wraps `wsgiref` to fix the wrong default reporting of the multithreaded
|
|
WSGI variable and adds optional multithreading and fork support.
|
|
|
|
This function has a command-line interface too::
|
|
|
|
python -m werkzeug.serving --help
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.5
|
|
`static_files` was added to simplify serving of static files as well
|
|
as `passthrough_errors`.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.6
|
|
support for SSL was added.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.8
|
|
Added support for automatically loading a SSL context from certificate
|
|
file and private key.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.9
|
|
Added command-line interface.
|
|
|
|
:param hostname: The host for the application. eg: ``'localhost'``
|
|
:param port: The port for the server. eg: ``8080``
|
|
:param application: the WSGI application to execute
|
|
:param use_reloader: should the server automatically restart the python
|
|
process if modules were changed?
|
|
:param use_debugger: should the werkzeug debugging system be used?
|
|
:param use_evalex: should the exception evaluation feature be enabled?
|
|
:param extra_files: a list of files the reloader should watch
|
|
additionally to the modules. For example configuration
|
|
files.
|
|
:param reloader_interval: the interval for the reloader in seconds.
|
|
:param threaded: should the process handle each request in a separate
|
|
thread?
|
|
:param processes: if greater than 1 then handle each request in a new process
|
|
up to this maximum number of concurrent processes.
|
|
:param request_handler: optional parameter that can be used to replace
|
|
the default one. You can use this to replace it
|
|
with a different
|
|
:class:`~BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler`
|
|
subclass.
|
|
:param static_files: a dict of paths for static files. This works exactly
|
|
like :class:`SharedDataMiddleware`, it's actually
|
|
just wrapping the application in that middleware before
|
|
serving.
|
|
:param passthrough_errors: set this to `True` to disable the error catching.
|
|
This means that the server will die on errors but
|
|
it can be useful to hook debuggers in (pdb etc.)
|
|
:param ssl_context: an SSL context for the connection. Either an OpenSSL
|
|
context, a tuple in the form ``(cert_file, pkey_file)``,
|
|
the string ``'adhoc'`` if the server should
|
|
automatically create one, or `None` to disable SSL
|
|
(which is the default).
|
|
"""
|
|
if use_debugger:
|
|
from werkzeug.debug import DebuggedApplication
|
|
application = DebuggedApplication(application, use_evalex)
|
|
if static_files:
|
|
from werkzeug.wsgi import SharedDataMiddleware
|
|
application = SharedDataMiddleware(application, static_files)
|
|
|
|
def inner():
|
|
make_server(hostname, port, application, threaded,
|
|
processes, request_handler,
|
|
passthrough_errors, ssl_context).serve_forever()
|
|
|
|
if os.environ.get('WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN') != 'true':
|
|
display_hostname = hostname != '*' and hostname or 'localhost'
|
|
if ':' in display_hostname:
|
|
display_hostname = '[%s]' % display_hostname
|
|
_log('info', ' * Running on %s://%s:%d/', ssl_context is None
|
|
and 'http' or 'https', display_hostname, port)
|
|
if use_reloader:
|
|
# Create and destroy a socket so that any exceptions are raised before
|
|
# we spawn a separate Python interpreter and lose this ability.
|
|
address_family = select_ip_version(hostname, port)
|
|
test_socket = socket.socket(address_family, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
|
|
test_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
|
|
test_socket.bind((hostname, port))
|
|
test_socket.close()
|
|
run_with_reloader(inner, extra_files, reloader_interval)
|
|
else:
|
|
inner()
|
|
|
|
def main():
|
|
'''A simple command-line interface for :py:func:`run_simple`.'''
|
|
|
|
# in contrast to argparse, this works at least under Python < 2.7
|
|
import optparse
|
|
from werkzeug.utils import import_string
|
|
|
|
parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage='Usage: %prog [options] app_module:app_object')
|
|
parser.add_option('-b', '--bind', dest='address',
|
|
help='The hostname:port the app should listen on.')
|
|
parser.add_option('-d', '--debug', dest='use_debugger',
|
|
action='store_true', default=False,
|
|
help='Use Werkzeug\'s debugger.')
|
|
parser.add_option('-r', '--reload', dest='use_reloader',
|
|
action='store_true', default=False,
|
|
help='Reload Python process if modules change.')
|
|
options, args = parser.parse_args()
|
|
|
|
hostname, port = None, None
|
|
if options.address:
|
|
address = options.address.split(':')
|
|
hostname = address[0]
|
|
if len(address) > 1:
|
|
port = address[1]
|
|
|
|
if len(args) != 1:
|
|
sys.stdout.write('No application supplied, or too much. See --help\n')
|
|
sys.exit(1)
|
|
app = import_string(args[0])
|
|
|
|
run_simple(
|
|
hostname=(hostname or '127.0.0.1'), port=int(port or 5000),
|
|
application=app, use_reloader=options.use_reloader,
|
|
use_debugger=options.use_debugger
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
main()
|