#!/usr/bin/env python # # Copyright 2009 Facebook # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may # not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain # a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT # WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the # License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations # under the License. """This module contains implementations of various third-party authentication schemes. All the classes in this file are class mixins designed to be used with the `tornado.web.RequestHandler` class. They are used in two ways: * On a login handler, use methods such as ``authenticate_redirect()``, ``authorize_redirect()``, and ``get_authenticated_user()`` to establish the user's identity and store authentication tokens to your database and/or cookies. * In non-login handlers, use methods such as ``facebook_request()`` or ``twitter_request()`` to use the authentication tokens to make requests to the respective services. They all take slightly different arguments due to the fact all these services implement authentication and authorization slightly differently. See the individual service classes below for complete documentation. Example usage for Google OpenID:: class GoogleOAuth2LoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler, tornado.auth.GoogleOAuth2Mixin): @tornado.gen.coroutine def get(self): if self.get_argument('code', False): user = yield self.get_authenticated_user( redirect_uri='http://your.site.com/auth/google', code=self.get_argument('code')) # Save the user with e.g. set_secure_cookie else: yield self.authorize_redirect( redirect_uri='http://your.site.com/auth/google', client_id=self.settings['google_oauth']['key'], scope=['profile', 'email'], response_type='code', extra_params={'approval_prompt': 'auto'}) .. versionchanged:: 4.0 All of the callback interfaces in this module are now guaranteed to run their callback with an argument of ``None`` on error. Previously some functions would do this while others would simply terminate the request on their own. This change also ensures that errors are more consistently reported through the ``Future`` interfaces. """ from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, with_statement import base64 import binascii import functools import hashlib import hmac import time import uuid from tornado.concurrent import TracebackFuture, chain_future, return_future from tornado import gen from tornado import httpclient from tornado import escape from tornado.httputil import url_concat from tornado.log import gen_log from tornado.stack_context import ExceptionStackContext from tornado.util import u, unicode_type, ArgReplacer try: import urlparse # py2 except ImportError: import urllib.parse as urlparse # py3 try: import urllib.parse as urllib_parse # py3 except ImportError: import urllib as urllib_parse # py2 try: long # py2 except NameError: long = int # py3 class AuthError(Exception): pass def _auth_future_to_callback(callback, future): try: result = future.result() except AuthError as e: gen_log.warning(str(e)) result = None callback(result) def _auth_return_future(f): """Similar to tornado.concurrent.return_future, but uses the auth module's legacy callback interface. Note that when using this decorator the ``callback`` parameter inside the function will actually be a future. """ replacer = ArgReplacer(f, 'callback') @functools.wraps(f) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): future = TracebackFuture() callback, args, kwargs = replacer.replace(future, args, kwargs) if callback is not None: future.add_done_callback( functools.partial(_auth_future_to_callback, callback)) def handle_exception(typ, value, tb): if future.done(): return False else: future.set_exc_info((typ, value, tb)) return True with ExceptionStackContext(handle_exception): f(*args, **kwargs) return future return wrapper class OpenIdMixin(object): """Abstract implementation of OpenID and Attribute Exchange. See `GoogleMixin` below for a customized example (which also includes OAuth support). Class attributes: * ``_OPENID_ENDPOINT``: the identity provider's URI. """ @return_future def authenticate_redirect(self, callback_uri=None, ax_attrs=["name", "email", "language", "username"], callback=None): """Redirects to the authentication URL for this service. After authentication, the service will redirect back to the given callback URI with additional parameters including ``openid.mode``. We request the given attributes for the authenticated user by default (name, email, language, and username). If you don't need all those attributes for your app, you can request fewer with the ax_attrs keyword argument. .. versionchanged:: 3.1 Returns a `.Future` and takes an optional callback. These are not strictly necessary as this method is synchronous, but they are supplied for consistency with `OAuthMixin.authorize_redirect`. """ callback_uri = callback_uri or self.request.uri args = self._openid_args(callback_uri, ax_attrs=ax_attrs) self.redirect(self._OPENID_ENDPOINT + "?" + urllib_parse.urlencode(args)) callback() @_auth_return_future def get_authenticated_user(self, callback, http_client=None): """Fetches the authenticated user data upon redirect. This method should be called by the handler that receives the redirect from the `authenticate_redirect()` method (which is often the same as the one that calls it; in that case you would call `get_authenticated_user` if the ``openid.mode`` parameter is present and `authenticate_redirect` if it is not). The result of this method will generally be used to set a cookie. """ # Verify the OpenID response via direct request to the OP args = dict((k, v[-1]) for k, v in self.request.arguments.items()) args["openid.mode"] = u("check_authentication") url = self._OPENID_ENDPOINT if http_client is None: http_client = self.get_auth_http_client() http_client.fetch(url, functools.partial( self._on_authentication_verified, callback), method="POST", body=urllib_parse.urlencode(args)) def _openid_args(self, callback_uri, ax_attrs=[], oauth_scope=None): url = urlparse.urljoin(self.request.full_url(), callback_uri) args = { "openid.ns": "http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0", "openid.claimed_id": "http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0/identifier_select", "openid.identity": "http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0/identifier_select", "openid.return_to": url, "openid.realm": urlparse.urljoin(url, '/'), "openid.mode": "checkid_setup", } if ax_attrs: args.update({ "openid.ns.ax": "http://openid.net/srv/ax/1.0", "openid.ax.mode": "fetch_request", }) ax_attrs = set(ax_attrs) required = [] if "name" in ax_attrs: ax_attrs -= set(["name", "firstname", "fullname", "lastname"]) required += ["firstname", "fullname", "lastname"] args.update({ "openid.ax.type.firstname": "http://axschema.org/namePerson/first", "openid.ax.type.fullname": "http://axschema.org/namePerson", "openid.ax.type.lastname": "http://axschema.org/namePerson/last", }) known_attrs = { "email": "http://axschema.org/contact/email", "language": "http://axschema.org/pref/language", "username": "http://axschema.org/namePerson/friendly", } for name in ax_attrs: args["openid.ax.type." + name] = known_attrs[name] required.append(name) args["openid.ax.required"] = ",".join(required) if oauth_scope: args.update({ "openid.ns.oauth": "http://specs.openid.net/extensions/oauth/1.0", "openid.oauth.consumer": self.request.host.split(":")[0], "openid.oauth.scope": oauth_scope, }) return args def _on_authentication_verified(self, future, response): if response.error or b"is_valid:true" not in response.body: future.set_exception(AuthError( "Invalid OpenID response: %s" % (response.error or response.body))) return # Make sure we got back at least an email from attribute exchange ax_ns = None for name in self.request.arguments: if name.startswith("openid.ns.") and \ self.get_argument(name) == u("http://openid.net/srv/ax/1.0"): ax_ns = name[10:] break def get_ax_arg(uri): if not ax_ns: return u("") prefix = "openid." + ax_ns + ".type." ax_name = None for name in self.request.arguments.keys(): if self.get_argument(name) == uri and name.startswith(prefix): part = name[len(prefix):] ax_name = "openid." + ax_ns + ".value." + part break if not ax_name: return u("") return self.get_argument(ax_name, u("")) email = get_ax_arg("http://axschema.org/contact/email") name = get_ax_arg("http://axschema.org/namePerson") first_name = get_ax_arg("http://axschema.org/namePerson/first") last_name = get_ax_arg("http://axschema.org/namePerson/last") username = get_ax_arg("http://axschema.org/namePerson/friendly") locale = get_ax_arg("http://axschema.org/pref/language").lower() user = dict() name_parts = [] if first_name: user["first_name"] = first_name name_parts.append(first_name) if last_name: user["last_name"] = last_name name_parts.append(last_name) if name: user["name"] = name elif name_parts: user["name"] = u(" ").join(name_parts) elif email: user["name"] = email.split("@")[0] if email: user["email"] = email if locale: user["locale"] = locale if username: user["username"] = username claimed_id = self.get_argument("openid.claimed_id", None) if claimed_id: user["claimed_id"] = claimed_id future.set_result(user) def get_auth_http_client(self): """Returns the `.AsyncHTTPClient` instance to be used for auth requests. May be overridden by subclasses to use an HTTP client other than the default. """ return httpclient.AsyncHTTPClient() class OAuthMixin(object): """Abstract implementation of OAuth 1.0 and 1.0a. See `TwitterMixin` and `FriendFeedMixin` below for example implementations, or `GoogleMixin` for an OAuth/OpenID hybrid. Class attributes: * ``_OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_URL``: The service's OAuth authorization url. * ``_OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_URL``: The service's OAuth access token url. * ``_OAUTH_VERSION``: May be either "1.0" or "1.0a". * ``_OAUTH_NO_CALLBACKS``: Set this to True if the service requires advance registration of callbacks. Subclasses must also override the `_oauth_get_user_future` and `_oauth_consumer_token` methods. """ @return_future def authorize_redirect(self, callback_uri=None, extra_params=None, http_client=None, callback=None): """Redirects the user to obtain OAuth authorization for this service. The ``callback_uri`` may be omitted if you have previously registered a callback URI with the third-party service. For some services (including Friendfeed), you must use a previously-registered callback URI and cannot specify a callback via this method. This method sets a cookie called ``_oauth_request_token`` which is subsequently used (and cleared) in `get_authenticated_user` for security purposes. Note that this method is asynchronous, although it calls `.RequestHandler.finish` for you so it may not be necessary to pass a callback or use the `.Future` it returns. However, if this method is called from a function decorated with `.gen.coroutine`, you must call it with ``yield`` to keep the response from being closed prematurely. .. versionchanged:: 3.1 Now returns a `.Future` and takes an optional callback, for compatibility with `.gen.coroutine`. """ if callback_uri and getattr(self, "_OAUTH_NO_CALLBACKS", False): raise Exception("This service does not support oauth_callback") if http_client is None: http_client = self.get_auth_http_client() if getattr(self, "_OAUTH_VERSION", "1.0a") == "1.0a": http_client.fetch( self._oauth_request_token_url(callback_uri=callback_uri, extra_params=extra_params), functools.partial( self._on_request_token, self._OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_URL, callback_uri, callback)) else: http_client.fetch( self._oauth_request_token_url(), functools.partial( self._on_request_token, self._OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_URL, callback_uri, callback)) @_auth_return_future def get_authenticated_user(self, callback, http_client=None): """Gets the OAuth authorized user and access token. This method should be called from the handler for your OAuth callback URL to complete the registration process. We run the callback with the authenticated user dictionary. This dictionary will contain an ``access_key`` which can be used to make authorized requests to this service on behalf of the user. The dictionary will also contain other fields such as ``name``, depending on the service used. """ future = callback request_key = escape.utf8(self.get_argument("oauth_token")) oauth_verifier = self.get_argument("oauth_verifier", None) request_cookie = self.get_cookie("_oauth_request_token") if not request_cookie: future.set_exception(AuthError( "Missing OAuth request token cookie")) return self.clear_cookie("_oauth_request_token") cookie_key, cookie_secret = [base64.b64decode(escape.utf8(i)) for i in request_cookie.split("|")] if cookie_key != request_key: future.set_exception(AuthError( "Request token does not match cookie")) return token = dict(key=cookie_key, secret=cookie_secret) if oauth_verifier: token["verifier"] = oauth_verifier if http_client is None: http_client = self.get_auth_http_client() http_client.fetch(self._oauth_access_token_url(token), functools.partial(self._on_access_token, callback)) def _oauth_request_token_url(self, callback_uri=None, extra_params=None): consumer_token = self._oauth_consumer_token() url = self._OAUTH_REQUEST_TOKEN_URL args = dict( oauth_consumer_key=escape.to_basestring(consumer_token["key"]), oauth_signature_method="HMAC-SHA1", oauth_timestamp=str(int(time.time())), oauth_nonce=escape.to_basestring(binascii.b2a_hex(uuid.uuid4().bytes)), oauth_version="1.0", ) if getattr(self, "_OAUTH_VERSION", "1.0a") == "1.0a": if callback_uri == "oob": args["oauth_callback"] = "oob" elif callback_uri: args["oauth_callback"] = urlparse.urljoin( self.request.full_url(), callback_uri) if extra_params: args.update(extra_params) signature = _oauth10a_signature(consumer_token, "GET", url, args) else: signature = _oauth_signature(consumer_token, "GET", url, args) args["oauth_signature"] = signature return url + "?" + urllib_parse.urlencode(args) def _on_request_token(self, authorize_url, callback_uri, callback, response): if response.error: raise Exception("Could not get request token: %s" % response.error) request_token = _oauth_parse_response(response.body) data = (base64.b64encode(escape.utf8(request_token["key"])) + b"|" + base64.b64encode(escape.utf8(request_token["secret"]))) self.set_cookie("_oauth_request_token", data) args = dict(oauth_token=request_token["key"]) if callback_uri == "oob": self.finish(authorize_url + "?" + urllib_parse.urlencode(args)) callback() return elif callback_uri: args["oauth_callback"] = urlparse.urljoin( self.request.full_url(), callback_uri) self.redirect(authorize_url + "?" + urllib_parse.urlencode(args)) callback() def _oauth_access_token_url(self, request_token): consumer_token = self._oauth_consumer_token() url = self._OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_URL args = dict( oauth_consumer_key=escape.to_basestring(consumer_token["key"]), oauth_token=escape.to_basestring(request_token["key"]), oauth_signature_method="HMAC-SHA1", oauth_timestamp=str(int(time.time())), oauth_nonce=escape.to_basestring(binascii.b2a_hex(uuid.uuid4().bytes)), oauth_version="1.0", ) if "verifier" in request_token: args["oauth_verifier"] = request_token["verifier"] if getattr(self, "_OAUTH_VERSION", "1.0a") == "1.0a": signature = _oauth10a_signature(consumer_token, "GET", url, args, request_token) else: signature = _oauth_signature(consumer_token, "GET", url, args, request_token) args["oauth_signature"] = signature return url + "?" + urllib_parse.urlencode(args) def _on_access_token(self, future, response): if response.error: future.set_exception(AuthError("Could not fetch access token")) return access_token = _oauth_parse_response(response.body) self._oauth_get_user_future(access_token).add_done_callback( functools.partial(self._on_oauth_get_user, access_token, future)) def _oauth_consumer_token(self): """Subclasses must override this to return their OAuth consumer keys. The return value should be a `dict` with keys ``key`` and ``secret``. """ raise NotImplementedError() @return_future def _oauth_get_user_future(self, access_token, callback): """Subclasses must override this to get basic information about the user. Should return a `.Future` whose result is a dictionary containing information about the user, which may have been retrieved by using ``access_token`` to make a request to the service. The access token will be added to the returned dictionary to make the result of `get_authenticated_user`. For backwards compatibility, the callback-based ``_oauth_get_user`` method is also supported. """ # By default, call the old-style _oauth_get_user, but new code # should override this method instead. self._oauth_get_user(access_token, callback) def _oauth_get_user(self, access_token, callback): raise NotImplementedError() def _on_oauth_get_user(self, access_token, future, user_future): if user_future.exception() is not None: future.set_exception(user_future.exception()) return user = user_future.result() if not user: future.set_exception(AuthError("Error getting user")) return user["access_token"] = access_token future.set_result(user) def _oauth_request_parameters(self, url, access_token, parameters={}, method="GET"): """Returns the OAuth parameters as a dict for the given request. parameters should include all POST arguments and query string arguments that will be sent with the request. """ consumer_token = self._oauth_consumer_token() base_args = dict( oauth_consumer_key=escape.to_basestring(consumer_token["key"]), oauth_token=escape.to_basestring(access_token["key"]), oauth_signature_method="HMAC-SHA1", oauth_timestamp=str(int(time.time())), oauth_nonce=escape.to_basestring(binascii.b2a_hex(uuid.uuid4().bytes)), oauth_version="1.0", ) args = {} args.update(base_args) args.update(parameters) if getattr(self, "_OAUTH_VERSION", "1.0a") == "1.0a": signature = _oauth10a_signature(consumer_token, method, url, args, access_token) else: signature = _oauth_signature(consumer_token, method, url, args, access_token) base_args["oauth_signature"] = escape.to_basestring(signature) return base_args def get_auth_http_client(self): """Returns the `.AsyncHTTPClient` instance to be used for auth requests. May be overridden by subclasses to use an HTTP client other than the default. """ return httpclient.AsyncHTTPClient() class OAuth2Mixin(object): """Abstract implementation of OAuth 2.0. See `FacebookGraphMixin` below for an example implementation. Class attributes: * ``_OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_URL``: The service's authorization url. * ``_OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_URL``: The service's access token url. """ @return_future def authorize_redirect(self, redirect_uri=None, client_id=None, client_secret=None, extra_params=None, callback=None, scope=None, response_type="code"): """Redirects the user to obtain OAuth authorization for this service. Some providers require that you register a redirect URL with your application instead of passing one via this method. You should call this method to log the user in, and then call ``get_authenticated_user`` in the handler for your redirect URL to complete the authorization process. .. versionchanged:: 3.1 Returns a `.Future` and takes an optional callback. These are not strictly necessary as this method is synchronous, but they are supplied for consistency with `OAuthMixin.authorize_redirect`. """ args = { "redirect_uri": redirect_uri, "client_id": client_id, "response_type": response_type } if extra_params: args.update(extra_params) if scope: args['scope'] = ' '.join(scope) self.redirect( url_concat(self._OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_URL, args)) callback() def _oauth_request_token_url(self, redirect_uri=None, client_id=None, client_secret=None, code=None, extra_params=None): url = self._OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_URL args = dict( redirect_uri=redirect_uri, code=code, client_id=client_id, client_secret=client_secret, ) if extra_params: args.update(extra_params) return url_concat(url, args) class TwitterMixin(OAuthMixin): """Twitter OAuth authentication. To authenticate with Twitter, register your application with Twitter at http://twitter.com/apps. Then copy your Consumer Key and Consumer Secret to the application `~tornado.web.Application.settings` ``twitter_consumer_key`` and ``twitter_consumer_secret``. Use this mixin on the handler for the URL you registered as your application's callback URL. When your application is set up, you can use this mixin like this to authenticate the user with Twitter and get access to their stream:: class TwitterLoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler, tornado.auth.TwitterMixin): @tornado.gen.coroutine def get(self): if self.get_argument("oauth_token", None): user = yield self.get_authenticated_user() # Save the user using e.g. set_secure_cookie() else: yield self.authorize_redirect() The user object returned by `~OAuthMixin.get_authenticated_user` includes the attributes ``username``, ``name``, ``access_token``, and all of the custom Twitter user attributes described at https://dev.twitter.com/docs/api/1.1/get/users/show """ _OAUTH_REQUEST_TOKEN_URL = "https://api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token" _OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "https://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token" _OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_URL = "https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize" _OAUTH_AUTHENTICATE_URL = "https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authenticate" _OAUTH_NO_CALLBACKS = False _TWITTER_BASE_URL = "https://api.twitter.com/1.1" @return_future def authenticate_redirect(self, callback_uri=None, callback=None): """Just like `~OAuthMixin.authorize_redirect`, but auto-redirects if authorized. This is generally the right interface to use if you are using Twitter for single-sign on. .. versionchanged:: 3.1 Now returns a `.Future` and takes an optional callback, for compatibility with `.gen.coroutine`. """ http = self.get_auth_http_client() http.fetch(self._oauth_request_token_url(callback_uri=callback_uri), functools.partial( self._on_request_token, self._OAUTH_AUTHENTICATE_URL, None, callback)) @_auth_return_future def twitter_request(self, path, callback=None, access_token=None, post_args=None, **args): """Fetches the given API path, e.g., ``statuses/user_timeline/btaylor`` The path should not include the format or API version number. (we automatically use JSON format and API version 1). If the request is a POST, ``post_args`` should be provided. Query string arguments should be given as keyword arguments. All the Twitter methods are documented at http://dev.twitter.com/ Many methods require an OAuth access token which you can obtain through `~OAuthMixin.authorize_redirect` and `~OAuthMixin.get_authenticated_user`. The user returned through that process includes an 'access_token' attribute that can be used to make authenticated requests via this method. Example usage:: class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler, tornado.auth.TwitterMixin): @tornado.web.authenticated @tornado.gen.coroutine def get(self): new_entry = yield self.twitter_request( "/statuses/update", post_args={"status": "Testing Tornado Web Server"}, access_token=self.current_user["access_token"]) if not new_entry: # Call failed; perhaps missing permission? yield self.authorize_redirect() return self.finish("Posted a message!") """ if path.startswith('http:') or path.startswith('https:'): # Raw urls are useful for e.g. search which doesn't follow the # usual pattern: http://search.twitter.com/search.json url = path else: url = self._TWITTER_BASE_URL + path + ".json" # Add the OAuth resource request signature if we have credentials if access_token: all_args = {} all_args.update(args) all_args.update(post_args or {}) method = "POST" if post_args is not None else "GET" oauth = self._oauth_request_parameters( url, access_token, all_args, method=method) args.update(oauth) if args: url += "?" + urllib_parse.urlencode(args) http = self.get_auth_http_client() http_callback = functools.partial(self._on_twitter_request, callback) if post_args is not None: http.fetch(url, method="POST", body=urllib_parse.urlencode(post_args), callback=http_callback) else: http.fetch(url, callback=http_callback) def _on_twitter_request(self, future, response): if response.error: future.set_exception(AuthError( "Error response %s fetching %s" % (response.error, response.request.url))) return future.set_result(escape.json_decode(response.body)) def _oauth_consumer_token(self): self.require_setting("twitter_consumer_key", "Twitter OAuth") self.require_setting("twitter_consumer_secret", "Twitter OAuth") return dict( key=self.settings["twitter_consumer_key"], secret=self.settings["twitter_consumer_secret"]) @gen.coroutine def _oauth_get_user_future(self, access_token): user = yield self.twitter_request( "/account/verify_credentials", access_token=access_token) if user: user["username"] = user["screen_name"] raise gen.Return(user) class FriendFeedMixin(OAuthMixin): """FriendFeed OAuth authentication. To authenticate with FriendFeed, register your application with FriendFeed at http://friendfeed.com/api/applications. Then copy your Consumer Key and Consumer Secret to the application `~tornado.web.Application.settings` ``friendfeed_consumer_key`` and ``friendfeed_consumer_secret``. Use this mixin on the handler for the URL you registered as your application's Callback URL. When your application is set up, you can use this mixin like this to authenticate the user with FriendFeed and get access to their feed:: class FriendFeedLoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler, tornado.auth.FriendFeedMixin): @tornado.gen.coroutine def get(self): if self.get_argument("oauth_token", None): user = yield self.get_authenticated_user() # Save the user using e.g. set_secure_cookie() else: yield self.authorize_redirect() The user object returned by `~OAuthMixin.get_authenticated_user()` includes the attributes ``username``, ``name``, and ``description`` in addition to ``access_token``. You should save the access token with the user; it is required to make requests on behalf of the user later with `friendfeed_request()`. """ _OAUTH_VERSION = "1.0" _OAUTH_REQUEST_TOKEN_URL = "https://friendfeed.com/account/oauth/request_token" _OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "https://friendfeed.com/account/oauth/access_token" _OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_URL = "https://friendfeed.com/account/oauth/authorize" _OAUTH_NO_CALLBACKS = True _OAUTH_VERSION = "1.0" @_auth_return_future def friendfeed_request(self, path, callback, access_token=None, post_args=None, **args): """Fetches the given relative API path, e.g., "/bret/friends" If the request is a POST, ``post_args`` should be provided. Query string arguments should be given as keyword arguments. All the FriendFeed methods are documented at http://friendfeed.com/api/documentation. Many methods require an OAuth access token which you can obtain through `~OAuthMixin.authorize_redirect` and `~OAuthMixin.get_authenticated_user`. The user returned through that process includes an ``access_token`` attribute that can be used to make authenticated requests via this method. Example usage:: class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler, tornado.auth.FriendFeedMixin): @tornado.web.authenticated @tornado.gen.coroutine def get(self): new_entry = yield self.friendfeed_request( "/entry", post_args={"body": "Testing Tornado Web Server"}, access_token=self.current_user["access_token"]) if not new_entry: # Call failed; perhaps missing permission? yield self.authorize_redirect() return self.finish("Posted a message!") """ # Add the OAuth resource request signature if we have credentials url = "http://friendfeed-api.com/v2" + path if access_token: all_args = {} all_args.update(args) all_args.update(post_args or {}) method = "POST" if post_args is not None else "GET" oauth = self._oauth_request_parameters( url, access_token, all_args, method=method) args.update(oauth) if args: url += "?" + urllib_parse.urlencode(args) callback = functools.partial(self._on_friendfeed_request, callback) http = self.get_auth_http_client() if post_args is not None: http.fetch(url, method="POST", body=urllib_parse.urlencode(post_args), callback=callback) else: http.fetch(url, callback=callback) def _on_friendfeed_request(self, future, response): if response.error: future.set_exception(AuthError( "Error response %s fetching %s" % (response.error, response.request.url))) return future.set_result(escape.json_decode(response.body)) def _oauth_consumer_token(self): self.require_setting("friendfeed_consumer_key", "FriendFeed OAuth") self.require_setting("friendfeed_consumer_secret", "FriendFeed OAuth") return dict( key=self.settings["friendfeed_consumer_key"], secret=self.settings["friendfeed_consumer_secret"]) @gen.coroutine def _oauth_get_user_future(self, access_token, callback): user = yield self.friendfeed_request( "/feedinfo/" + access_token["username"], include="id,name,description", access_token=access_token) if user: user["username"] = user["id"] callback(user) def _parse_user_response(self, callback, user): if user: user["username"] = user["id"] callback(user) class GoogleMixin(OpenIdMixin, OAuthMixin): """Google Open ID / OAuth authentication. .. deprecated:: 4.0 New applications should use `GoogleOAuth2Mixin` below instead of this class. As of May 19, 2014, Google has stopped supporting registration-free authentication. No application registration is necessary to use Google for authentication or to access Google resources on behalf of a user. Google implements both OpenID and OAuth in a hybrid mode. If you just need the user's identity, use `~OpenIdMixin.authenticate_redirect`. If you need to make requests to Google on behalf of the user, use `authorize_redirect`. On return, parse the response with `~OpenIdMixin.get_authenticated_user`. We send a dict containing the values for the user, including ``email``, ``name``, and ``locale``. Example usage:: class GoogleLoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler, tornado.auth.GoogleMixin): @tornado.gen.coroutine def get(self): if self.get_argument("openid.mode", None): user = yield self.get_authenticated_user() # Save the user with e.g. set_secure_cookie() else: yield self.authenticate_redirect() """ _OPENID_ENDPOINT = "https://www.google.com/accounts/o8/ud" _OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "https://www.google.com/accounts/OAuthGetAccessToken" @return_future def authorize_redirect(self, oauth_scope, callback_uri=None, ax_attrs=["name", "email", "language", "username"], callback=None): """Authenticates and authorizes for the given Google resource. Some of the available resources which can be used in the ``oauth_scope`` argument are: * Gmail Contacts - http://www.google.com/m8/feeds/ * Calendar - http://www.google.com/calendar/feeds/ * Finance - http://finance.google.com/finance/feeds/ You can authorize multiple resources by separating the resource URLs with a space. .. versionchanged:: 3.1 Returns a `.Future` and takes an optional callback. These are not strictly necessary as this method is synchronous, but they are supplied for consistency with `OAuthMixin.authorize_redirect`. """ callback_uri = callback_uri or self.request.uri args = self._openid_args(callback_uri, ax_attrs=ax_attrs, oauth_scope=oauth_scope) self.redirect(self._OPENID_ENDPOINT + "?" + urllib_parse.urlencode(args)) callback() @_auth_return_future def get_authenticated_user(self, callback): """Fetches the authenticated user data upon redirect.""" # Look to see if we are doing combined OpenID/OAuth oauth_ns = "" for name, values in self.request.arguments.items(): if name.startswith("openid.ns.") and \ values[-1] == b"http://specs.openid.net/extensions/oauth/1.0": oauth_ns = name[10:] break token = self.get_argument("openid." + oauth_ns + ".request_token", "") if token: http = self.get_auth_http_client() token = dict(key=token, secret="") http.fetch(self._oauth_access_token_url(token), functools.partial(self._on_access_token, callback)) else: chain_future(OpenIdMixin.get_authenticated_user(self), callback) def _oauth_consumer_token(self): self.require_setting("google_consumer_key", "Google OAuth") self.require_setting("google_consumer_secret", "Google OAuth") return dict( key=self.settings["google_consumer_key"], secret=self.settings["google_consumer_secret"]) def _oauth_get_user_future(self, access_token): return OpenIdMixin.get_authenticated_user(self) class GoogleOAuth2Mixin(OAuth2Mixin): """Google authentication using OAuth2. In order to use, register your application with Google and copy the relevant parameters to your application settings. * Go to the Google Dev Console at http://console.developers.google.com * Select a project, or create a new one. * In the sidebar on the left, select APIs & Auth. * In the list of APIs, find the Google+ API service and set it to ON. * In the sidebar on the left, select Credentials. * In the OAuth section of the page, select Create New Client ID. * Set the Redirect URI to point to your auth handler * Copy the "Client secret" and "Client ID" to the application settings as {"google_oauth": {"key": CLIENT_ID, "secret": CLIENT_SECRET}} .. versionadded:: 3.2 """ _OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_URL = "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth" _OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token" _OAUTH_NO_CALLBACKS = False _OAUTH_SETTINGS_KEY = 'google_oauth' @_auth_return_future def get_authenticated_user(self, redirect_uri, code, callback): """Handles the login for the Google user, returning a user object. Example usage:: class GoogleOAuth2LoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler, tornado.auth.GoogleOAuth2Mixin): @tornado.gen.coroutine def get(self): if self.get_argument('code', False): user = yield self.get_authenticated_user( redirect_uri='http://your.site.com/auth/google', code=self.get_argument('code')) # Save the user with e.g. set_secure_cookie else: yield self.authorize_redirect( redirect_uri='http://your.site.com/auth/google', client_id=self.settings['google_oauth']['key'], scope=['profile', 'email'], response_type='code', extra_params={'approval_prompt': 'auto'}) """ http = self.get_auth_http_client() body = urllib_parse.urlencode({ "redirect_uri": redirect_uri, "code": code, "client_id": self.settings[self._OAUTH_SETTINGS_KEY]['key'], "client_secret": self.settings[self._OAUTH_SETTINGS_KEY]['secret'], "grant_type": "authorization_code", }) http.fetch(self._OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_URL, functools.partial(self._on_access_token, callback), method="POST", headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}, body=body) def _on_access_token(self, future, response): """Callback function for the exchange to the access token.""" if response.error: future.set_exception(AuthError('Google auth error: %s' % str(response))) return args = escape.json_decode(response.body) future.set_result(args) def get_auth_http_client(self): """Returns the `.AsyncHTTPClient` instance to be used for auth requests. May be overridden by subclasses to use an HTTP client other than the default. """ return httpclient.AsyncHTTPClient() class FacebookMixin(object): """Facebook Connect authentication. .. deprecated:: 1.1 New applications should use `FacebookGraphMixin` below instead of this class. This class does not support the Future-based interface seen on other classes in this module. To authenticate with Facebook, register your application with Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/developers/apps.php. Then copy your API Key and Application Secret to the application settings ``facebook_api_key`` and ``facebook_secret``. When your application is set up, you can use this mixin like this to authenticate the user with Facebook:: class FacebookHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler, tornado.auth.FacebookMixin): @tornado.web.asynchronous def get(self): if self.get_argument("session", None): self.get_authenticated_user(self._on_auth) return yield self.authenticate_redirect() def _on_auth(self, user): if not user: raise tornado.web.HTTPError(500, "Facebook auth failed") # Save the user using, e.g., set_secure_cookie() The user object returned by `get_authenticated_user` includes the attributes ``facebook_uid`` and ``name`` in addition to session attributes like ``session_key``. You should save the session key with the user; it is required to make requests on behalf of the user later with `facebook_request`. """ @return_future def authenticate_redirect(self, callback_uri=None, cancel_uri=None, extended_permissions=None, callback=None): """Authenticates/installs this app for the current user. .. versionchanged:: 3.1 Returns a `.Future` and takes an optional callback. These are not strictly necessary as this method is synchronous, but they are supplied for consistency with `OAuthMixin.authorize_redirect`. """ self.require_setting("facebook_api_key", "Facebook Connect") callback_uri = callback_uri or self.request.uri args = { "api_key": self.settings["facebook_api_key"], "v": "1.0", "fbconnect": "true", "display": "page", "next": urlparse.urljoin(self.request.full_url(), callback_uri), "return_session": "true", } if cancel_uri: args["cancel_url"] = urlparse.urljoin( self.request.full_url(), cancel_uri) if extended_permissions: if isinstance(extended_permissions, (unicode_type, bytes)): extended_permissions = [extended_permissions] args["req_perms"] = ",".join(extended_permissions) self.redirect("http://www.facebook.com/login.php?" + urllib_parse.urlencode(args)) callback() def authorize_redirect(self, extended_permissions, callback_uri=None, cancel_uri=None, callback=None): """Redirects to an authorization request for the given FB resource. The available resource names are listed at http://wiki.developers.facebook.com/index.php/Extended_permission. The most common resource types include: * publish_stream * read_stream * email * sms extended_permissions can be a single permission name or a list of names. To get the session secret and session key, call get_authenticated_user() just as you would with authenticate_redirect(). .. versionchanged:: 3.1 Returns a `.Future` and takes an optional callback. These are not strictly necessary as this method is synchronous, but they are supplied for consistency with `OAuthMixin.authorize_redirect`. """ return self.authenticate_redirect(callback_uri, cancel_uri, extended_permissions, callback=callback) def get_authenticated_user(self, callback): """Fetches the authenticated Facebook user. The authenticated user includes the special Facebook attributes 'session_key' and 'facebook_uid' in addition to the standard user attributes like 'name'. """ self.require_setting("facebook_api_key", "Facebook Connect") session = escape.json_decode(self.get_argument("session")) self.facebook_request( method="facebook.users.getInfo", callback=functools.partial( self._on_get_user_info, callback, session), session_key=session["session_key"], uids=session["uid"], fields="uid,first_name,last_name,name,locale,pic_square," "profile_url,username") def facebook_request(self, method, callback, **args): """Makes a Facebook API REST request. We automatically include the Facebook API key and signature, but it is the callers responsibility to include 'session_key' and any other required arguments to the method. The available Facebook methods are documented here: http://wiki.developers.facebook.com/index.php/API Here is an example for the stream.get() method:: class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler, tornado.auth.FacebookMixin): @tornado.web.authenticated @tornado.web.asynchronous def get(self): self.facebook_request( method="stream.get", callback=self._on_stream, session_key=self.current_user["session_key"]) def _on_stream(self, stream): if stream is None: # Not authorized to read the stream yet? self.redirect(self.authorize_redirect("read_stream")) return self.render("stream.html", stream=stream) """ self.require_setting("facebook_api_key", "Facebook Connect") self.require_setting("facebook_secret", "Facebook Connect") if not method.startswith("facebook."): method = "facebook." + method args["api_key"] = self.settings["facebook_api_key"] args["v"] = "1.0" args["method"] = method args["call_id"] = str(long(time.time() * 1e6)) args["format"] = "json" args["sig"] = self._signature(args) url = "http://api.facebook.com/restserver.php?" + \ urllib_parse.urlencode(args) http = self.get_auth_http_client() http.fetch(url, callback=functools.partial( self._parse_response, callback)) def _on_get_user_info(self, callback, session, users): if users is None: callback(None) return callback({ "name": users[0]["name"], "first_name": users[0]["first_name"], "last_name": users[0]["last_name"], "uid": users[0]["uid"], "locale": users[0]["locale"], "pic_square": users[0]["pic_square"], "profile_url": users[0]["profile_url"], "username": users[0].get("username"), "session_key": session["session_key"], "session_expires": session.get("expires"), }) def _parse_response(self, callback, response): if response.error: gen_log.warning("HTTP error from Facebook: %s", response.error) callback(None) return try: json = escape.json_decode(response.body) except Exception: gen_log.warning("Invalid JSON from Facebook: %r", response.body) callback(None) return if isinstance(json, dict) and json.get("error_code"): gen_log.warning("Facebook error: %d: %r", json["error_code"], json.get("error_msg")) callback(None) return callback(json) def _signature(self, args): parts = ["%s=%s" % (n, args[n]) for n in sorted(args.keys())] body = "".join(parts) + self.settings["facebook_secret"] if isinstance(body, unicode_type): body = body.encode("utf-8") return hashlib.md5(body).hexdigest() def get_auth_http_client(self): """Returns the `.AsyncHTTPClient` instance to be used for auth requests. May be overridden by subclasses to use an HTTP client other than the default. """ return httpclient.AsyncHTTPClient() class FacebookGraphMixin(OAuth2Mixin): """Facebook authentication using the new Graph API and OAuth2.""" _OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "https://graph.facebook.com/oauth/access_token?" _OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_URL = "https://www.facebook.com/dialog/oauth?" _OAUTH_NO_CALLBACKS = False _FACEBOOK_BASE_URL = "https://graph.facebook.com" @_auth_return_future def get_authenticated_user(self, redirect_uri, client_id, client_secret, code, callback, extra_fields=None): """Handles the login for the Facebook user, returning a user object. Example usage:: class FacebookGraphLoginHandler(LoginHandler, tornado.auth.FacebookGraphMixin): @tornado.gen.coroutine def get(self): if self.get_argument("code", False): user = yield self.get_authenticated_user( redirect_uri='/auth/facebookgraph/', client_id=self.settings["facebook_api_key"], client_secret=self.settings["facebook_secret"], code=self.get_argument("code")) # Save the user with e.g. set_secure_cookie else: yield self.authorize_redirect( redirect_uri='/auth/facebookgraph/', client_id=self.settings["facebook_api_key"], extra_params={"scope": "read_stream,offline_access"}) """ http = self.get_auth_http_client() args = { "redirect_uri": redirect_uri, "code": code, "client_id": client_id, "client_secret": client_secret, } fields = set(['id', 'name', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'locale', 'picture', 'link']) if extra_fields: fields.update(extra_fields) http.fetch(self._oauth_request_token_url(**args), functools.partial(self._on_access_token, redirect_uri, client_id, client_secret, callback, fields)) def _on_access_token(self, redirect_uri, client_id, client_secret, future, fields, response): if response.error: future.set_exception(AuthError('Facebook auth error: %s' % str(response))) return args = escape.parse_qs_bytes(escape.native_str(response.body)) session = { "access_token": args["access_token"][-1], "expires": args.get("expires") } self.facebook_request( path="/me", callback=functools.partial( self._on_get_user_info, future, session, fields), access_token=session["access_token"], fields=",".join(fields) ) def _on_get_user_info(self, future, session, fields, user): if user is None: future.set_result(None) return fieldmap = {} for field in fields: fieldmap[field] = user.get(field) fieldmap.update({"access_token": session["access_token"], "session_expires": session.get("expires")}) future.set_result(fieldmap) @_auth_return_future def facebook_request(self, path, callback, access_token=None, post_args=None, **args): """Fetches the given relative API path, e.g., "/btaylor/picture" If the request is a POST, ``post_args`` should be provided. Query string arguments should be given as keyword arguments. An introduction to the Facebook Graph API can be found at http://developers.facebook.com/docs/api Many methods require an OAuth access token which you can obtain through `~OAuth2Mixin.authorize_redirect` and `get_authenticated_user`. The user returned through that process includes an ``access_token`` attribute that can be used to make authenticated requests via this method. Example usage:: class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler, tornado.auth.FacebookGraphMixin): @tornado.web.authenticated @tornado.gen.coroutine def get(self): new_entry = yield self.facebook_request( "/me/feed", post_args={"message": "I am posting from my Tornado application!"}, access_token=self.current_user["access_token"]) if not new_entry: # Call failed; perhaps missing permission? yield self.authorize_redirect() return self.finish("Posted a message!") The given path is relative to ``self._FACEBOOK_BASE_URL``, by default "https://graph.facebook.com". .. versionchanged:: 3.1 Added the ability to override ``self._FACEBOOK_BASE_URL``. """ url = self._FACEBOOK_BASE_URL + path all_args = {} if access_token: all_args["access_token"] = access_token all_args.update(args) if all_args: url += "?" + urllib_parse.urlencode(all_args) callback = functools.partial(self._on_facebook_request, callback) http = self.get_auth_http_client() if post_args is not None: http.fetch(url, method="POST", body=urllib_parse.urlencode(post_args), callback=callback) else: http.fetch(url, callback=callback) def _on_facebook_request(self, future, response): if response.error: future.set_exception(AuthError("Error response %s fetching %s" % (response.error, response.request.url))) return future.set_result(escape.json_decode(response.body)) def get_auth_http_client(self): """Returns the `.AsyncHTTPClient` instance to be used for auth requests. May be overridden by subclasses to use an HTTP client other than the default. """ return httpclient.AsyncHTTPClient() def _oauth_signature(consumer_token, method, url, parameters={}, token=None): """Calculates the HMAC-SHA1 OAuth signature for the given request. See http://oauth.net/core/1.0/#signing_process """ parts = urlparse.urlparse(url) scheme, netloc, path = parts[:3] normalized_url = scheme.lower() + "://" + netloc.lower() + path base_elems = [] base_elems.append(method.upper()) base_elems.append(normalized_url) base_elems.append("&".join("%s=%s" % (k, _oauth_escape(str(v))) for k, v in sorted(parameters.items()))) base_string = "&".join(_oauth_escape(e) for e in base_elems) key_elems = [escape.utf8(consumer_token["secret"])] key_elems.append(escape.utf8(token["secret"] if token else "")) key = b"&".join(key_elems) hash = hmac.new(key, escape.utf8(base_string), hashlib.sha1) return binascii.b2a_base64(hash.digest())[:-1] def _oauth10a_signature(consumer_token, method, url, parameters={}, token=None): """Calculates the HMAC-SHA1 OAuth 1.0a signature for the given request. See http://oauth.net/core/1.0a/#signing_process """ parts = urlparse.urlparse(url) scheme, netloc, path = parts[:3] normalized_url = scheme.lower() + "://" + netloc.lower() + path base_elems = [] base_elems.append(method.upper()) base_elems.append(normalized_url) base_elems.append("&".join("%s=%s" % (k, _oauth_escape(str(v))) for k, v in sorted(parameters.items()))) base_string = "&".join(_oauth_escape(e) for e in base_elems) key_elems = [escape.utf8(urllib_parse.quote(consumer_token["secret"], safe='~'))] key_elems.append(escape.utf8(urllib_parse.quote(token["secret"], safe='~') if token else "")) key = b"&".join(key_elems) hash = hmac.new(key, escape.utf8(base_string), hashlib.sha1) return binascii.b2a_base64(hash.digest())[:-1] def _oauth_escape(val): if isinstance(val, unicode_type): val = val.encode("utf-8") return urllib_parse.quote(val, safe="~") def _oauth_parse_response(body): # I can't find an officially-defined encoding for oauth responses and # have never seen anyone use non-ascii. Leave the response in a byte # string for python 2, and use utf8 on python 3. body = escape.native_str(body) p = urlparse.parse_qs(body, keep_blank_values=False) token = dict(key=p["oauth_token"][0], secret=p["oauth_token_secret"][0]) # Add the extra parameters the Provider included to the token special = ("oauth_token", "oauth_token_secret") token.update((k, p[k][0]) for k in p if k not in special) return token