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538 lines
24 KiB
Python
538 lines
24 KiB
Python
2 years ago
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'''This class extends pexpect.spawn to specialize setting up SSH connections.
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This adds methods for login, logout, and expecting the shell prompt.
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PEXPECT LICENSE
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This license is approved by the OSI and FSF as GPL-compatible.
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http://opensource.org/licenses/isc-license.txt
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Copyright (c) 2012, Noah Spurrier <noah@noah.org>
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PERMISSION TO USE, COPY, MODIFY, AND/OR DISTRIBUTE THIS SOFTWARE FOR ANY
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PURPOSE WITH OR WITHOUT FEE IS HEREBY GRANTED, PROVIDED THAT THE ABOVE
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COPYRIGHT NOTICE AND THIS PERMISSION NOTICE APPEAR IN ALL COPIES.
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THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
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WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
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ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
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WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
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ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
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OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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'''
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from pexpect import ExceptionPexpect, TIMEOUT, EOF, spawn
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import time
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import os
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import sys
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import re
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__all__ = ['ExceptionPxssh', 'pxssh']
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# Exception classes used by this module.
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class ExceptionPxssh(ExceptionPexpect):
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'''Raised for pxssh exceptions.
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'''
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if sys.version_info > (3, 0):
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from shlex import quote
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else:
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_find_unsafe = re.compile(r'[^\w@%+=:,./-]').search
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def quote(s):
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"""Return a shell-escaped version of the string *s*."""
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if not s:
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return "''"
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if _find_unsafe(s) is None:
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return s
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# use single quotes, and put single quotes into double quotes
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# the string $'b is then quoted as '$'"'"'b'
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return "'" + s.replace("'", "'\"'\"'") + "'"
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class pxssh (spawn):
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'''This class extends pexpect.spawn to specialize setting up SSH
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connections. This adds methods for login, logout, and expecting the shell
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prompt. It does various tricky things to handle many situations in the SSH
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login process. For example, if the session is your first login, then pxssh
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automatically accepts the remote certificate; or if you have public key
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authentication setup then pxssh won't wait for the password prompt.
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pxssh uses the shell prompt to synchronize output from the remote host. In
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order to make this more robust it sets the shell prompt to something more
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unique than just $ or #. This should work on most Borne/Bash or Csh style
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shells.
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Example that runs a few commands on a remote server and prints the result::
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from pexpect import pxssh
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import getpass
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try:
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s = pxssh.pxssh()
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hostname = raw_input('hostname: ')
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username = raw_input('username: ')
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password = getpass.getpass('password: ')
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s.login(hostname, username, password)
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s.sendline('uptime') # run a command
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s.prompt() # match the prompt
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print(s.before) # print everything before the prompt.
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s.sendline('ls -l')
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s.prompt()
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print(s.before)
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s.sendline('df')
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s.prompt()
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print(s.before)
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s.logout()
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except pxssh.ExceptionPxssh as e:
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print("pxssh failed on login.")
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print(e)
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Example showing how to specify SSH options::
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from pexpect import pxssh
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s = pxssh.pxssh(options={
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"StrictHostKeyChecking": "no",
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"UserKnownHostsFile": "/dev/null"})
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...
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Note that if you have ssh-agent running while doing development with pxssh
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then this can lead to a lot of confusion. Many X display managers (xdm,
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gdm, kdm, etc.) will automatically start a GUI agent. You may see a GUI
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dialog box popup asking for a password during development. You should turn
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off any key agents during testing. The 'force_password' attribute will turn
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off public key authentication. This will only work if the remote SSH server
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is configured to allow password logins. Example of using 'force_password'
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attribute::
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s = pxssh.pxssh()
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s.force_password = True
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hostname = raw_input('hostname: ')
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username = raw_input('username: ')
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password = getpass.getpass('password: ')
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s.login (hostname, username, password)
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`debug_command_string` is only for the test suite to confirm that the string
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generated for SSH is correct, using this will not allow you to do
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anything other than get a string back from `pxssh.pxssh.login()`.
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'''
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def __init__ (self, timeout=30, maxread=2000, searchwindowsize=None,
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logfile=None, cwd=None, env=None, ignore_sighup=True, echo=True,
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options={}, encoding=None, codec_errors='strict',
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debug_command_string=False, use_poll=False):
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spawn.__init__(self, None, timeout=timeout, maxread=maxread,
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searchwindowsize=searchwindowsize, logfile=logfile,
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cwd=cwd, env=env, ignore_sighup=ignore_sighup, echo=echo,
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encoding=encoding, codec_errors=codec_errors, use_poll=use_poll)
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self.name = '<pxssh>'
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#SUBTLE HACK ALERT! Note that the command that SETS the prompt uses a
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#slightly different string than the regular expression to match it. This
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#is because when you set the prompt the command will echo back, but we
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#don't want to match the echoed command. So if we make the set command
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#slightly different than the regex we eliminate the problem. To make the
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#set command different we add a backslash in front of $. The $ doesn't
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#need to be escaped, but it doesn't hurt and serves to make the set
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#prompt command different than the regex.
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# used to match the command-line prompt
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self.UNIQUE_PROMPT = r"\[PEXPECT\][\$\#] "
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self.PROMPT = self.UNIQUE_PROMPT
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# used to set shell command-line prompt to UNIQUE_PROMPT.
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self.PROMPT_SET_SH = r"PS1='[PEXPECT]\$ '"
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self.PROMPT_SET_CSH = r"set prompt='[PEXPECT]\$ '"
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self.SSH_OPTS = ("-o'RSAAuthentication=no'"
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+ " -o 'PubkeyAuthentication=no'")
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# Disabling host key checking, makes you vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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# + " -o 'StrictHostKeyChecking=no'"
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# + " -o 'UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null' ")
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# Disabling X11 forwarding gets rid of the annoying SSH_ASKPASS from
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# displaying a GUI password dialog. I have not figured out how to
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# disable only SSH_ASKPASS without also disabling X11 forwarding.
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# Unsetting SSH_ASKPASS on the remote side doesn't disable it! Annoying!
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#self.SSH_OPTS = "-x -o'RSAAuthentication=no' -o 'PubkeyAuthentication=no'"
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self.force_password = False
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self.debug_command_string = debug_command_string
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# User defined SSH options, eg,
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# ssh.otions = dict(StrictHostKeyChecking="no",UserKnownHostsFile="/dev/null")
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self.options = options
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def levenshtein_distance(self, a, b):
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'''This calculates the Levenshtein distance between a and b.
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'''
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n, m = len(a), len(b)
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if n > m:
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a,b = b,a
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n,m = m,n
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current = range(n+1)
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for i in range(1,m+1):
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previous, current = current, [i]+[0]*n
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for j in range(1,n+1):
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add, delete = previous[j]+1, current[j-1]+1
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change = previous[j-1]
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if a[j-1] != b[i-1]:
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change = change + 1
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current[j] = min(add, delete, change)
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return current[n]
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def try_read_prompt(self, timeout_multiplier):
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'''This facilitates using communication timeouts to perform
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synchronization as quickly as possible, while supporting high latency
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connections with a tunable worst case performance. Fast connections
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should be read almost immediately. Worst case performance for this
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method is timeout_multiplier * 3 seconds.
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'''
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# maximum time allowed to read the first response
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first_char_timeout = timeout_multiplier * 0.5
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# maximum time allowed between subsequent characters
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inter_char_timeout = timeout_multiplier * 0.1
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# maximum time for reading the entire prompt
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total_timeout = timeout_multiplier * 3.0
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prompt = self.string_type()
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begin = time.time()
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expired = 0.0
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timeout = first_char_timeout
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while expired < total_timeout:
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try:
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prompt += self.read_nonblocking(size=1, timeout=timeout)
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expired = time.time() - begin # updated total time expired
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timeout = inter_char_timeout
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except TIMEOUT:
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break
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return prompt
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def sync_original_prompt (self, sync_multiplier=1.0):
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'''This attempts to find the prompt. Basically, press enter and record
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the response; press enter again and record the response; if the two
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responses are similar then assume we are at the original prompt.
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This can be a slow function. Worst case with the default sync_multiplier
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can take 12 seconds. Low latency connections are more likely to fail
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with a low sync_multiplier. Best case sync time gets worse with a
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high sync multiplier (500 ms with default). '''
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# All of these timing pace values are magic.
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# I came up with these based on what seemed reliable for
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# connecting to a heavily loaded machine I have.
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self.sendline()
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time.sleep(0.1)
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try:
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# Clear the buffer before getting the prompt.
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self.try_read_prompt(sync_multiplier)
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except TIMEOUT:
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pass
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self.sendline()
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x = self.try_read_prompt(sync_multiplier)
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self.sendline()
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a = self.try_read_prompt(sync_multiplier)
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self.sendline()
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b = self.try_read_prompt(sync_multiplier)
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ld = self.levenshtein_distance(a,b)
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len_a = len(a)
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if len_a == 0:
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return False
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if float(ld)/len_a < 0.4:
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return True
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return False
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### TODO: This is getting messy and I'm pretty sure this isn't perfect.
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### TODO: I need to draw a flow chart for this.
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### TODO: Unit tests for SSH tunnels, remote SSH command exec, disabling original prompt sync
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def login (self, server, username=None, password='', terminal_type='ansi',
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original_prompt=r"[#$]", login_timeout=10, port=None,
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auto_prompt_reset=True, ssh_key=None, quiet=True,
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sync_multiplier=1, check_local_ip=True,
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password_regex=r'(?i)(?:password:)|(?:passphrase for key)',
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ssh_tunnels={}, spawn_local_ssh=True,
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sync_original_prompt=True, ssh_config=None, cmd='ssh'):
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'''This logs the user into the given server.
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It uses 'original_prompt' to try to find the prompt right after login.
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When it finds the prompt it immediately tries to reset the prompt to
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something more easily matched. The default 'original_prompt' is very
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optimistic and is easily fooled. It's more reliable to try to match the original
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prompt as exactly as possible to prevent false matches by server
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strings such as the "Message Of The Day". On many systems you can
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disable the MOTD on the remote server by creating a zero-length file
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called :file:`~/.hushlogin` on the remote server. If a prompt cannot be found
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then this will not necessarily cause the login to fail. In the case of
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a timeout when looking for the prompt we assume that the original
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prompt was so weird that we could not match it, so we use a few tricks
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to guess when we have reached the prompt. Then we hope for the best and
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blindly try to reset the prompt to something more unique. If that fails
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then login() raises an :class:`ExceptionPxssh` exception.
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In some situations it is not possible or desirable to reset the
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original prompt. In this case, pass ``auto_prompt_reset=False`` to
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inhibit setting the prompt to the UNIQUE_PROMPT. Remember that pxssh
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uses a unique prompt in the :meth:`prompt` method. If the original prompt is
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not reset then this will disable the :meth:`prompt` method unless you
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manually set the :attr:`PROMPT` attribute.
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Set ``password_regex`` if there is a MOTD message with `password` in it.
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Changing this is like playing in traffic, don't (p)expect it to match straight
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away.
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If you require to connect to another SSH server from the your original SSH
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connection set ``spawn_local_ssh`` to `False` and this will use your current
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session to do so. Setting this option to `False` and not having an active session
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will trigger an error.
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Set ``ssh_key`` to a file path to an SSH private key to use that SSH key
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for the session authentication.
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Set ``ssh_key`` to `True` to force passing the current SSH authentication socket
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to the desired ``hostname``.
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Set ``ssh_config`` to a file path string of an SSH client config file to pass that
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file to the client to handle itself. You may set any options you wish in here, however
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doing so will require you to post extra information that you may not want to if you
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run into issues.
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Alter the ``cmd`` to change the ssh client used, or to prepend it with network
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namespaces. For example ```cmd="ip netns exec vlan2 ssh"``` to execute the ssh in
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network namespace named ```vlan```.
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'''
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session_regex_array = ["(?i)are you sure you want to continue connecting", original_prompt, password_regex, "(?i)permission denied", "(?i)terminal type", TIMEOUT]
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session_init_regex_array = []
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session_init_regex_array.extend(session_regex_array)
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session_init_regex_array.extend(["(?i)connection closed by remote host", EOF])
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ssh_options = ''.join([" -o '%s=%s'" % (o, v) for (o, v) in self.options.items()])
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if quiet:
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ssh_options = ssh_options + ' -q'
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if not check_local_ip:
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ssh_options = ssh_options + " -o'NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost=yes'"
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if self.force_password:
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ssh_options = ssh_options + ' ' + self.SSH_OPTS
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if ssh_config is not None:
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if spawn_local_ssh and not os.path.isfile(ssh_config):
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raise ExceptionPxssh('SSH config does not exist or is not a file.')
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ssh_options = ssh_options + ' -F ' + ssh_config
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if port is not None:
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ssh_options = ssh_options + ' -p %s'%(str(port))
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if ssh_key is not None:
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# Allow forwarding our SSH key to the current session
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if ssh_key==True:
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ssh_options = ssh_options + ' -A'
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else:
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if spawn_local_ssh and not os.path.isfile(ssh_key):
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raise ExceptionPxssh('private ssh key does not exist or is not a file.')
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ssh_options = ssh_options + ' -i %s' % (ssh_key)
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|
# SSH tunnels, make sure you know what you're putting into the lists
|
||
|
|
# under each heading. Do not expect these to open 100% of the time,
|
||
|
|
# The port you're requesting might be bound.
|
||
|
|
#
|
||
|
|
# The structure should be like this:
|
||
|
|
# { 'local': ['2424:localhost:22'], # Local SSH tunnels
|
||
|
|
# 'remote': ['2525:localhost:22'], # Remote SSH tunnels
|
||
|
|
# 'dynamic': [8888] } # Dynamic/SOCKS tunnels
|
||
|
|
if ssh_tunnels!={} and isinstance({},type(ssh_tunnels)):
|
||
|
|
tunnel_types = {
|
||
|
|
'local':'L',
|
||
|
|
'remote':'R',
|
||
|
|
'dynamic':'D'
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
for tunnel_type in tunnel_types:
|
||
|
|
cmd_type = tunnel_types[tunnel_type]
|
||
|
|
if tunnel_type in ssh_tunnels:
|
||
|
|
tunnels = ssh_tunnels[tunnel_type]
|
||
|
|
for tunnel in tunnels:
|
||
|
|
if spawn_local_ssh==False:
|
||
|
|
tunnel = quote(str(tunnel))
|
||
|
|
ssh_options = ssh_options + ' -' + cmd_type + ' ' + str(tunnel)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if username is not None:
|
||
|
|
ssh_options = ssh_options + ' -l ' + username
|
||
|
|
elif ssh_config is None:
|
||
|
|
raise TypeError('login() needs either a username or an ssh_config')
|
||
|
|
else: # make sure ssh_config has an entry for the server with a username
|
||
|
|
with open(ssh_config, 'rt') as f:
|
||
|
|
lines = [l.strip() for l in f.readlines()]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
server_regex = r'^Host\s+%s\s*$' % server
|
||
|
|
user_regex = r'^User\s+\w+\s*$'
|
||
|
|
config_has_server = False
|
||
|
|
server_has_username = False
|
||
|
|
for line in lines:
|
||
|
|
if not config_has_server and re.match(server_regex, line, re.IGNORECASE):
|
||
|
|
config_has_server = True
|
||
|
|
elif config_has_server and 'hostname' in line.lower():
|
||
|
|
pass
|
||
|
|
elif config_has_server and 'host' in line.lower():
|
||
|
|
server_has_username = False # insurance
|
||
|
|
break # we have left the relevant section
|
||
|
|
elif config_has_server and re.match(user_regex, line, re.IGNORECASE):
|
||
|
|
server_has_username = True
|
||
|
|
break
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if lines:
|
||
|
|
del line
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
del lines
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if not config_has_server:
|
||
|
|
raise TypeError('login() ssh_config has no Host entry for %s' % server)
|
||
|
|
elif not server_has_username:
|
||
|
|
raise TypeError('login() ssh_config has no user entry for %s' % server)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
cmd += " %s %s" % (ssh_options, server)
|
||
|
|
if self.debug_command_string:
|
||
|
|
return(cmd)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Are we asking for a local ssh command or to spawn one in another session?
|
||
|
|
if spawn_local_ssh:
|
||
|
|
spawn._spawn(self, cmd)
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
self.sendline(cmd)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# This does not distinguish between a remote server 'password' prompt
|
||
|
|
# and a local ssh 'passphrase' prompt (for unlocking a private key).
|
||
|
|
i = self.expect(session_init_regex_array, timeout=login_timeout)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# First phase
|
||
|
|
if i==0:
|
||
|
|
# New certificate -- always accept it.
|
||
|
|
# This is what you get if SSH does not have the remote host's
|
||
|
|
# public key stored in the 'known_hosts' cache.
|
||
|
|
self.sendline("yes")
|
||
|
|
i = self.expect(session_regex_array)
|
||
|
|
if i==2: # password or passphrase
|
||
|
|
self.sendline(password)
|
||
|
|
i = self.expect(session_regex_array)
|
||
|
|
if i==4:
|
||
|
|
self.sendline(terminal_type)
|
||
|
|
i = self.expect(session_regex_array)
|
||
|
|
if i==7:
|
||
|
|
self.close()
|
||
|
|
raise ExceptionPxssh('Could not establish connection to host')
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Second phase
|
||
|
|
if i==0:
|
||
|
|
# This is weird. This should not happen twice in a row.
|
||
|
|
self.close()
|
||
|
|
raise ExceptionPxssh('Weird error. Got "are you sure" prompt twice.')
|
||
|
|
elif i==1: # can occur if you have a public key pair set to authenticate.
|
||
|
|
### TODO: May NOT be OK if expect() got tricked and matched a false prompt.
|
||
|
|
pass
|
||
|
|
elif i==2: # password prompt again
|
||
|
|
# For incorrect passwords, some ssh servers will
|
||
|
|
# ask for the password again, others return 'denied' right away.
|
||
|
|
# If we get the password prompt again then this means
|
||
|
|
# we didn't get the password right the first time.
|
||
|
|
self.close()
|
||
|
|
raise ExceptionPxssh('password refused')
|
||
|
|
elif i==3: # permission denied -- password was bad.
|
||
|
|
self.close()
|
||
|
|
raise ExceptionPxssh('permission denied')
|
||
|
|
elif i==4: # terminal type again? WTF?
|
||
|
|
self.close()
|
||
|
|
raise ExceptionPxssh('Weird error. Got "terminal type" prompt twice.')
|
||
|
|
elif i==5: # Timeout
|
||
|
|
#This is tricky... I presume that we are at the command-line prompt.
|
||
|
|
#It may be that the shell prompt was so weird that we couldn't match
|
||
|
|
#it. Or it may be that we couldn't log in for some other reason. I
|
||
|
|
#can't be sure, but it's safe to guess that we did login because if
|
||
|
|
#I presume wrong and we are not logged in then this should be caught
|
||
|
|
#later when I try to set the shell prompt.
|
||
|
|
pass
|
||
|
|
elif i==6: # Connection closed by remote host
|
||
|
|
self.close()
|
||
|
|
raise ExceptionPxssh('connection closed')
|
||
|
|
else: # Unexpected
|
||
|
|
self.close()
|
||
|
|
raise ExceptionPxssh('unexpected login response')
|
||
|
|
if sync_original_prompt:
|
||
|
|
if not self.sync_original_prompt(sync_multiplier):
|
||
|
|
self.close()
|
||
|
|
raise ExceptionPxssh('could not synchronize with original prompt')
|
||
|
|
# We appear to be in.
|
||
|
|
# set shell prompt to something unique.
|
||
|
|
if auto_prompt_reset:
|
||
|
|
if not self.set_unique_prompt():
|
||
|
|
self.close()
|
||
|
|
raise ExceptionPxssh('could not set shell prompt '
|
||
|
|
'(received: %r, expected: %r).' % (
|
||
|
|
self.before, self.PROMPT,))
|
||
|
|
return True
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def logout (self):
|
||
|
|
'''Sends exit to the remote shell.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If there are stopped jobs then this automatically sends exit twice.
|
||
|
|
'''
|
||
|
|
self.sendline("exit")
|
||
|
|
index = self.expect([EOF, "(?i)there are stopped jobs"])
|
||
|
|
if index==1:
|
||
|
|
self.sendline("exit")
|
||
|
|
self.expect(EOF)
|
||
|
|
self.close()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def prompt(self, timeout=-1):
|
||
|
|
'''Match the next shell prompt.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
This is little more than a short-cut to the :meth:`~pexpect.spawn.expect`
|
||
|
|
method. Note that if you called :meth:`login` with
|
||
|
|
``auto_prompt_reset=False``, then before calling :meth:`prompt` you must
|
||
|
|
set the :attr:`PROMPT` attribute to a regex that it will use for
|
||
|
|
matching the prompt.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Calling :meth:`prompt` will erase the contents of the :attr:`before`
|
||
|
|
attribute even if no prompt is ever matched. If timeout is not given or
|
||
|
|
it is set to -1 then self.timeout is used.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:return: True if the shell prompt was matched, False if the timeout was
|
||
|
|
reached.
|
||
|
|
'''
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if timeout == -1:
|
||
|
|
timeout = self.timeout
|
||
|
|
i = self.expect([self.PROMPT, TIMEOUT], timeout=timeout)
|
||
|
|
if i==1:
|
||
|
|
return False
|
||
|
|
return True
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def set_unique_prompt(self):
|
||
|
|
'''This sets the remote prompt to something more unique than ``#`` or ``$``.
|
||
|
|
This makes it easier for the :meth:`prompt` method to match the shell prompt
|
||
|
|
unambiguously. This method is called automatically by the :meth:`login`
|
||
|
|
method, but you may want to call it manually if you somehow reset the
|
||
|
|
shell prompt. For example, if you 'su' to a different user then you
|
||
|
|
will need to manually reset the prompt. This sends shell commands to
|
||
|
|
the remote host to set the prompt, so this assumes the remote host is
|
||
|
|
ready to receive commands.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Alternatively, you may use your own prompt pattern. In this case you
|
||
|
|
should call :meth:`login` with ``auto_prompt_reset=False``; then set the
|
||
|
|
:attr:`PROMPT` attribute to a regular expression. After that, the
|
||
|
|
:meth:`prompt` method will try to match your prompt pattern.
|
||
|
|
'''
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self.sendline("unset PROMPT_COMMAND")
|
||
|
|
self.sendline(self.PROMPT_SET_SH) # sh-style
|
||
|
|
i = self.expect ([TIMEOUT, self.PROMPT], timeout=10)
|
||
|
|
if i == 0: # csh-style
|
||
|
|
self.sendline(self.PROMPT_SET_CSH)
|
||
|
|
i = self.expect([TIMEOUT, self.PROMPT], timeout=10)
|
||
|
|
if i == 0:
|
||
|
|
return False
|
||
|
|
return True
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# vi:ts=4:sw=4:expandtab:ft=python:
|