# Copyright (c) 2011-2015 Denis Bilenko. See LICENSE for details. """ c-ares based hostname resolver. """ from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division import os from _socket import gaierror from _socket import herror from _socket import error from _socket import EAI_NONAME from gevent._compat import text_type from gevent._compat import integer_types from gevent._compat import PY3 from gevent.hub import Waiter from gevent.hub import get_hub from gevent.socket import AF_UNSPEC from gevent.socket import AF_INET from gevent.socket import AF_INET6 from gevent.socket import SOCK_DGRAM from gevent.socket import SOCK_STREAM from gevent.socket import SOL_TCP from gevent.socket import SOL_UDP from gevent._config import config from gevent._config import AresSettingMixin from .cares import channel, InvalidIP # pylint:disable=import-error,no-name-in-module from . import _lookup_port as lookup_port from . import AbstractResolver __all__ = ['Resolver'] class Resolver(AbstractResolver): """ Implementation of the resolver API using the `c-ares`_ library. This implementation uses the c-ares library to handle name resolution. c-ares is natively asynchronous at the socket level and so integrates well into gevent's event loop. In comparison to :class:`gevent.resolver_thread.Resolver` (which delegates to the native system resolver), the implementation is much more complex. In addition, there have been reports of it not properly honoring certain system configurations (for example, the order in which IPv4 and IPv6 results are returned may not match the threaded resolver). However, because it does not use threads, it may scale better for applications that make many lookups. There are some known differences from the system resolver. - ``gethostbyname_ex`` and ``gethostbyaddr`` may return different for the ``aliaslist`` tuple member. (Sometimes the same, sometimes in a different order, sometimes a different alias altogether.) - ``gethostbyname_ex`` may return the ``ipaddrlist`` in a different order. - ``getaddrinfo`` does not return ``SOCK_RAW`` results. - ``getaddrinfo`` may return results in a different order. - Handling of ``.local`` (mDNS) names may be different, even if they are listed in the hosts file. - c-ares will not resolve ``broadcasthost``, even if listed in the hosts file prior to 2020-04-30. - This implementation may raise ``gaierror(4)`` where the system implementation would raise ``herror(1)`` or vice versa, with different error numbers. However, after 2020-04-30, this should be much reduced. - The results for ``localhost`` may be different. In particular, some system resolvers will return more results from ``getaddrinfo`` than c-ares does, such as SOCK_DGRAM results, and c-ares may report more ips on a multi-homed host. - The system implementation may return some names fully qualified, where this implementation returns only the host name. This appears to be the case only with entries found in ``/etc/hosts``. - c-ares supports a limited set of flags for ``getnameinfo`` and ``getaddrinfo``; unknown flags are ignored. System-specific flags such as ``AI_V4MAPPED_CFG`` are not supported. - ``getaddrinfo`` may return canonical names even without the ``AI_CANONNAME`` being set. .. caution:: This module is considered extremely experimental on PyPy, and due to its implementation in cython, it may be slower. It may also lead to interpreter crashes. .. versionchanged:: 1.5.0 This version of gevent typically embeds c-ares 1.15.0 or newer. In that version of c-ares, domains ending in ``.onion`` `are never resolved `_ or even sent to the DNS server. .. versionchanged:: 20.5.0 ``getaddrinfo`` is now implemented using the native c-ares function from c-ares 1.16 or newer. .. versionchanged:: 20.5.0 Now ``herror`` and ``gaierror`` are raised more consistently with the standard library resolver, and have more consistent errno values. Handling of localhost and broadcast names is now more consistent. .. _c-ares: http://c-ares.haxx.se """ cares_class = channel def __init__(self, hub=None, use_environ=True, **kwargs): if hub is None: hub = get_hub() self.hub = hub if use_environ: for setting in config.settings.values(): if isinstance(setting, AresSettingMixin): value = setting.get() if value is not None: kwargs.setdefault(setting.kwarg_name, value) self.cares = self.cares_class(hub.loop, **kwargs) self.pid = os.getpid() self.params = kwargs self.fork_watcher = hub.loop.fork(ref=False) self.fork_watcher.start(self._on_fork) def __repr__(self): return '' % (id(self), self.cares) def _on_fork(self): # NOTE: See comment in gevent.hub.reinit. pid = os.getpid() if pid != self.pid: self.hub.loop.run_callback(self.cares.destroy) self.cares = self.cares_class(self.hub.loop, **self.params) self.pid = pid def close(self): if self.cares is not None: self.hub.loop.run_callback(self.cares.destroy) self.cares = None self.fork_watcher.stop() def _gethostbyname_ex(self, hostname_bytes, family): while True: ares = self.cares try: waiter = Waiter(self.hub) ares.gethostbyname(waiter, hostname_bytes, family) result = waiter.get() if not result[-1]: raise herror(EAI_NONAME, self.EAI_NONAME_MSG) return result except herror as ex: if ares is self.cares: if ex.args[0] == 1: # Somewhere along the line, the internal # implementation of gethostbyname_ex changed to invoke # getaddrinfo() as a first pass, much like we do for ``getnameinfo()``; # this means it raises a different error for not-found hosts. raise gaierror(EAI_NONAME, self.EAI_NONAME_MSG) raise # "self.cares is not ares" means channel was destroyed (because we were forked) def _lookup_port(self, port, socktype): return lookup_port(port, socktype) def __getaddrinfo( self, host, port, family=0, socktype=0, proto=0, flags=0, fill_in_type_proto=True ): """ Returns a list ``(family, socktype, proto, canonname, sockaddr)`` :raises gaierror: If no results are found. """ # pylint:disable=too-many-locals,too-many-branches if isinstance(host, text_type): host = host.encode('idna') if isinstance(port, text_type): port = port.encode('ascii') elif isinstance(port, integer_types): if port == 0: port = None else: port = str(port).encode('ascii') waiter = Waiter(self.hub) self.cares.getaddrinfo( waiter, host, port, family, socktype, proto, flags, ) # Result is a list of: # (family, socktype, proto, canonname, sockaddr) # Where sockaddr depends on family; for INET it is # (address, port) # and INET6 is # (address, port, flow info, scope id) result = waiter.get() if not result: raise gaierror(EAI_NONAME, self.EAI_NONAME_MSG) if fill_in_type_proto: # c-ares 1.16 DOES NOT fill in socktype or proto in the results, # ever. It's at least supposed to do that if they were given as # hints, but it doesn't (https://github.com/c-ares/c-ares/issues/317) # Sigh. # The SOL_* constants are another (older?) name for IPPROTO_* if socktype: hard_type_proto = [ (socktype, SOL_TCP if socktype == SOCK_STREAM else SOL_UDP), ] elif proto: hard_type_proto = [ (SOCK_STREAM if proto == SOL_TCP else SOCK_DGRAM, proto), ] else: hard_type_proto = [ (SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP), (SOCK_DGRAM, SOL_UDP), ] result = [ (rfamily, hard_type if not rtype else rtype, hard_proto if not rproto else rproto, rcanon, raddr) for rfamily, rtype, rproto, rcanon, raddr in result for hard_type, hard_proto in hard_type_proto ] return result def _getaddrinfo(self, host_bytes, port, family, socktype, proto, flags): while True: ares = self.cares try: return self.__getaddrinfo(host_bytes, port, family, socktype, proto, flags) except gaierror: if ares is self.cares: raise def __gethostbyaddr(self, ip_address): waiter = Waiter(self.hub) try: self.cares.gethostbyaddr(waiter, ip_address) return waiter.get() except InvalidIP: result = self._getaddrinfo(ip_address, None, family=AF_UNSPEC, socktype=SOCK_DGRAM, proto=0, flags=0) if not result: raise _ip_address = result[0][-1][0] if isinstance(_ip_address, text_type): _ip_address = _ip_address.encode('ascii') if _ip_address == ip_address: raise waiter.clear() self.cares.gethostbyaddr(waiter, _ip_address) return waiter.get() def _gethostbyaddr(self, ip_address_bytes): while True: ares = self.cares try: return self.__gethostbyaddr(ip_address_bytes) except herror: if ares is self.cares: raise def __getnameinfo(self, hostname, port, sockaddr, flags): result = self.__getaddrinfo( hostname, port, family=AF_UNSPEC, socktype=SOCK_DGRAM, proto=0, flags=0, fill_in_type_proto=False) if len(result) != 1: raise error('sockaddr resolved to multiple addresses') family, _socktype, _proto, _name, address = result[0] if family == AF_INET: if len(sockaddr) != 2: raise error("IPv4 sockaddr must be 2 tuple") elif family == AF_INET6: address = address[:2] + sockaddr[2:] waiter = Waiter(self.hub) self.cares.getnameinfo(waiter, address, flags) node, service = waiter.get() if service is None and PY3: # ares docs: "If the query did not complete # successfully, or one of the values was not # requested, node or service will be NULL ". Python 2 # allows that for the service, but Python 3 raises # an error. This is tested by test_socket in py 3.4 err = gaierror(EAI_NONAME, self.EAI_NONAME_MSG) err.errno = EAI_NONAME raise err return node, service or '0' def _getnameinfo(self, address_bytes, port, sockaddr, flags): while True: ares = self.cares try: return self.__getnameinfo(address_bytes, port, sockaddr, flags) except gaierror: if ares is self.cares: raise # # Things that need proper error handling # gethostbyaddr = AbstractResolver.convert_gaierror_to_herror(AbstractResolver.gethostbyaddr)