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5 years ago
"""
libuv loop implementation
"""
# pylint: disable=no-member
from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
import os
from collections import defaultdict
from collections import namedtuple
from operator import delitem
import signal
from gevent._ffi import _dbg # pylint: disable=unused-import
from gevent._ffi.loop import AbstractLoop
from gevent._ffi.loop import assign_standard_callbacks
from gevent._ffi.loop import AbstractCallbacks
from gevent._util import implementer
from gevent._interfaces import ILoop
from gevent.libuv import _corecffi # pylint:disable=no-name-in-module,import-error
ffi = _corecffi.ffi
libuv = _corecffi.lib
__all__ = [
]
class _Callbacks(AbstractCallbacks):
def _find_loop_from_c_watcher(self, watcher_ptr):
loop_handle = ffi.cast('uv_handle_t*', watcher_ptr).data
return self.from_handle(loop_handle) if loop_handle else None
def python_sigchld_callback(self, watcher_ptr, _signum):
self.from_handle(ffi.cast('uv_handle_t*', watcher_ptr).data)._sigchld_callback()
def python_timer0_callback(self, watcher_ptr):
return self.python_prepare_callback(watcher_ptr)
def python_queue_callback(self, watcher_ptr, revents):
watcher_handle = watcher_ptr.data
the_watcher = self.from_handle(watcher_handle)
the_watcher.loop._queue_callback(watcher_ptr, revents)
def __loop_from_loop_ptr(self, loop_ptr):
loop_handle = loop_ptr.data
return self.from_handle(loop_handle)
_callbacks = assign_standard_callbacks(
ffi, libuv, _Callbacks,
[
'python_sigchld_callback',
'python_timer0_callback',
'python_queue_callback',
]
)
from gevent._ffi.loop import EVENTS
GEVENT_CORE_EVENTS = EVENTS # export
from gevent.libuv import watcher as _watchers # pylint:disable=no-name-in-module
_events_to_str = _watchers._events_to_str # export
READ = libuv.UV_READABLE
WRITE = libuv.UV_WRITABLE
def get_version():
uv_bytes = ffi.string(libuv.uv_version_string())
if not isinstance(uv_bytes, str):
# Py3
uv_str = uv_bytes.decode("ascii")
else:
uv_str = uv_bytes
return 'libuv-' + uv_str
def get_header_version():
return 'libuv-%d.%d.%d' % (libuv.UV_VERSION_MAJOR, libuv.UV_VERSION_MINOR, libuv.UV_VERSION_PATCH)
def supported_backends():
return ['default']
libuv.gevent_set_uv_alloc()
@implementer(ILoop)
class loop(AbstractLoop):
# libuv parameters simply won't accept anything lower than 1ms. In
# practice, looping on gevent.sleep(0.001) takes about 0.00138 s
# (+- 0.000036s)
approx_timer_resolution = 0.001 # 1ms
# It's relatively more expensive to break from the callback loop
# because we don't do it "inline" from C, we're looping in Python
CALLBACK_CHECK_COUNT = max(AbstractLoop.CALLBACK_CHECK_COUNT, 100)
# Defines the maximum amount of time the loop will sleep waiting for IO,
# which is also the interval at which signals are checked and handled.
SIGNAL_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS = 300
error_handler = None
_CHECK_POINTER = 'uv_check_t *'
_PREPARE_POINTER = 'uv_prepare_t *'
_PREPARE_CALLBACK_SIG = "void(*)(void*)"
_TIMER_POINTER = _CHECK_POINTER # This is poorly named. It's for the callback "timer"
def __init__(self, flags=None, default=None):
AbstractLoop.__init__(self, ffi, libuv, _watchers, flags, default)
self.__loop_pid = os.getpid()
self._child_watchers = defaultdict(list)
self._io_watchers = dict()
self._fork_watchers = set()
self._pid = os.getpid()
self._default = (self._ptr == libuv.uv_default_loop())
self._queued_callbacks = []
def _queue_callback(self, watcher_ptr, revents):
self._queued_callbacks.append((watcher_ptr, revents))
def _init_loop(self, flags, default):
if default is None:
default = True
# Unlike libev, libuv creates a new default
# loop automatically if the old default loop was
# closed.
if default:
# XXX: If the default loop had been destroyed, this
# will create a new one, but we won't destroy it
ptr = libuv.uv_default_loop()
else:
ptr = libuv.uv_loop_new()
if not ptr:
raise SystemError("Failed to get loop")
# Track whether or not any object has destroyed
# this loop. See _can_destroy_default_loop
ptr.data = self._handle_to_self
return ptr
_signal_idle = None
@property
def ptr(self):
if not self._ptr:
return None
if self._ptr and not self._ptr.data:
# Another instance of the Python loop destroyed
# the C loop. It was probably the default.
self._ptr = None
return self._ptr
def _init_and_start_check(self):
libuv.uv_check_init(self.ptr, self._check)
libuv.uv_check_start(self._check, libuv.python_check_callback)
libuv.uv_unref(self._check)
# We also have to have an idle watcher to be able to handle
# signals in a timely manner. Without them, libuv won't loop again
# and call into its check and prepare handlers.
# Note that this basically forces us into a busy-loop
# XXX: As predicted, using an idle watcher causes our process
# to eat 100% CPU time. We instead use a timer with a max of a .3 second
# delay to notice signals. Note that this timeout also implements fork
# watchers, effectively.
# XXX: Perhaps we could optimize this to notice when there are other
# timers in the loop and start/stop it then. When we have a callback
# scheduled, this should also be the same and unnecessary?
# libev does takes this basic approach on Windows.
self._signal_idle = ffi.new("uv_timer_t*")
libuv.uv_timer_init(self.ptr, self._signal_idle)
self._signal_idle.data = self._handle_to_self
sig_cb = ffi.cast('void(*)(uv_timer_t*)', libuv.python_check_callback)
libuv.uv_timer_start(self._signal_idle,
sig_cb,
self.SIGNAL_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS,
self.SIGNAL_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS)
libuv.uv_unref(self._signal_idle)
def _run_callbacks(self):
# Manually handle fork watchers.
curpid = os.getpid()
if curpid != self._pid:
self._pid = curpid
for watcher in self._fork_watchers:
watcher._on_fork()
# The contents of queued_callbacks at this point should be timers
# that expired when the loop began along with any idle watchers.
# We need to run them so that any manual callbacks they want to schedule
# get added to the list and ran next before we go on to poll for IO.
# This is critical for libuv on linux: closing a socket schedules some manual
# callbacks to actually stop the watcher; if those don't run before
# we poll for IO, then libuv can abort the process for the closed file descriptor.
# XXX: There's still a race condition here because we may not run *all* the manual
# callbacks. We need a way to prioritize those.
# Running these before the manual callbacks lead to some
# random test failures. In test__event.TestEvent_SetThenClear
# we would get a LoopExit sometimes. The problem occurred when
# a timer expired on entering the first loop; we would process
# it there, and then process the callback that it created
# below, leaving nothing for the loop to do. Having the
# self.run() manually process manual callbacks before
# continuing solves the problem. (But we must still run callbacks
# here again.)
self._prepare_ran_callbacks = self.__run_queued_callbacks()
super(loop, self)._run_callbacks()
def _init_and_start_prepare(self):
libuv.uv_prepare_init(self.ptr, self._prepare)
libuv.uv_prepare_start(self._prepare, libuv.python_prepare_callback)
libuv.uv_unref(self._prepare)
def _init_callback_timer(self):
libuv.uv_check_init(self.ptr, self._timer0)
def _stop_callback_timer(self):
libuv.uv_check_stop(self._timer0)
def _start_callback_timer(self):
# The purpose of the callback timer is to ensure that we run
# callbacks as soon as possible on the next iteration of the event loop.
# In libev, we set a 0 duration timer with a no-op callback.
# This executes immediately *after* the IO poll is done (it
# actually determines the time that the IO poll will block
# for), so having the timer present simply spins the loop, and
# our normal prepare watcher kicks in to run the callbacks.
# In libuv, however, timers are run *first*, before prepare
# callbacks and before polling for IO. So a no-op 0 duration
# timer actually does *nothing*. (Also note that libev queues all
# watchers found during IO poll to run at the end (I think), while libuv
# runs them in uv__io_poll itself.)
# From the loop inside uv_run:
# while True:
# uv__update_time(loop);
# uv__run_timers(loop);
# # we don't use pending watchers. They are how libuv
# # implements the pipe/udp/tcp streams.
# ran_pending = uv__run_pending(loop);
# uv__run_idle(loop);
# uv__run_prepare(loop);
# ...
# uv__io_poll(loop, timeout); # <--- IO watchers run here!
# uv__run_check(loop);
# libev looks something like this (pseudo code because the real code is
# hard to read):
#
# do {
# run_fork_callbacks();
# run_prepare_callbacks();
# timeout = min(time of all timers or normal block time)
# io_poll() # <--- Only queues IO callbacks
# update_now(); calculate_expired_timers();
# run callbacks in this order: (although specificying priorities changes it)
# check
# stat
# child
# signal
# timer
# io
# }
# So instead of running a no-op and letting the side-effect of spinning
# the loop run the callbacks, we must explicitly run them here.
# If we don't, test__systemerror:TestCallback will be flaky, failing
# one time out of ~20, depending on timing.
# To get them to run immediately after this current loop,
# we use a check watcher, instead of a 0 duration timer entirely.
# If we use a 0 duration timer, we can get stuck in a timer loop.
# Python 3.6 fails in test_ftplib.py
# As a final note, if we have not yet entered the loop *at
# all*, and a timer was created with a duration shorter than
# the amount of time it took for us to enter the loop in the
# first place, it may expire and get called before our callback
# does. This could also lead to test__systemerror:TestCallback
# appearing to be flaky.
# As yet another final note, if we are currently running a
# timer callback, meaning we're inside uv__run_timers() in C,
# and the Python starts a new timer, if the Python code then
# update's the loop's time, it's possible that timer will
# expire *and be run in the same iteration of the loop*. This
# is trivial to do: In sequential code, anything after
# `gevent.sleep(0.1)` is running in a timer callback. Starting
# a new timer---e.g., another gevent.sleep() call---will
# update the time, *before* uv__run_timers exits, meaning
# other timers get a chance to run before our check or prepare
# watcher callbacks do. Therefore, we do indeed have to have a 0
# timer to run callbacks---it gets inserted before any other user
# timers---ideally, this should be especially careful about how much time
# it runs for.
# AND YET: We can't actually do that. We get timeouts that I haven't fully
# investigated if we do. Probably stuck in a timer loop.
# As a partial remedy to this, unlike libev, our timer watcher
# class doesn't update the loop time by default.
libuv.uv_check_start(self._timer0, libuv.python_timer0_callback)
def _stop_aux_watchers(self):
assert self._prepare
assert self._check
assert self._signal_idle
libuv.uv_prepare_stop(self._prepare)
libuv.uv_ref(self._prepare) # Why are we doing this?
libuv.uv_check_stop(self._check)
libuv.uv_ref(self._check)
libuv.uv_timer_stop(self._signal_idle)
libuv.uv_ref(self._signal_idle)
libuv.uv_check_stop(self._timer0)
def _setup_for_run_callback(self):
self._start_callback_timer()
libuv.uv_ref(self._timer0)
def _can_destroy_loop(self, ptr):
return ptr
def __close_loop(self, ptr):
closed_failed = 1
while closed_failed:
closed_failed = libuv.uv_loop_close(ptr)
if not closed_failed:
break
if closed_failed != libuv.UV_EBUSY:
raise SystemError("Unknown close failure reason", closed_failed)
# We already closed all the handles. Run the loop
# once to let them be cut off from the loop.
ran_has_more_callbacks = libuv.uv_run(ptr, libuv.UV_RUN_ONCE)
if ran_has_more_callbacks:
libuv.uv_run(ptr, libuv.UV_RUN_NOWAIT)
def _destroy_loop(self, ptr):
# We're being asked to destroy a loop that's, potentially, at
# the time it was constructed, was the default loop. If loop
# objects were constructed more than once, it may have already
# been destroyed, though. We track this in the data member.
data = ptr.data
ptr.data = ffi.NULL
try:
if data:
libuv.uv_stop(ptr)
libuv.gevent_close_all_handles(ptr)
finally:
ptr.data = ffi.NULL
try:
if data:
self.__close_loop(ptr)
finally:
# Destroy the native resources *after* we have closed
# the loop. If we do it before, walking the handles
# attached to the loop is likely to segfault.
# Note that these may have been closed already if the default loop was shared.
if data:
libuv.gevent_zero_check(self._check)
libuv.gevent_zero_check(self._timer0)
libuv.gevent_zero_prepare(self._prepare)
libuv.gevent_zero_timer(self._signal_idle)
libuv.gevent_zero_loop(ptr)
del self._check
del self._prepare
del self._signal_idle
del self._timer0
# Destroy any watchers we're still holding on to.
del self._io_watchers
del self._fork_watchers
del self._child_watchers
def debug(self):
"""
Return all the handles that are open and their ref status.
"""
handle_state = namedtuple("HandleState",
['handle',
'type',
'watcher',
'ref',
'active',
'closing'])
handles = []
# XXX: Convert this to a modern callback.
def walk(handle, _arg):
data = handle.data
if data:
watcher = ffi.from_handle(data)
else:
watcher = None
handles.append(handle_state(handle,
ffi.string(libuv.uv_handle_type_name(handle.type)),
watcher,
libuv.uv_has_ref(handle),
libuv.uv_is_active(handle),
libuv.uv_is_closing(handle)))
libuv.uv_walk(self.ptr,
ffi.callback("void(*)(uv_handle_t*,void*)",
walk),
ffi.NULL)
return handles
def ref(self):
pass
def unref(self):
# XXX: Called by _run_callbacks.
pass
def break_(self, how=None):
libuv.uv_stop(self.ptr)
def reinit(self):
# TODO: How to implement? We probably have to simply
# re-__init__ this whole class? Does it matter?
# OR maybe we need to uv_walk() and close all the handles?
# XXX: libuv < 1.12 simply CANNOT handle a fork unless you immediately
# exec() in the child. There are multiple calls to abort() that
# will kill the child process:
# - The OS X poll implementation (kqueue) aborts on an error return
# value; since kqueue FDs can't be inherited, then the next call
# to kqueue in the child will fail and get aborted; fork() is likely
# to be called during the gevent loop, meaning we're deep inside the
# runloop already, so we can't even close the loop that we're in:
# it's too late, the next call to kqueue is already scheduled.
# - The threadpool, should it be in use, also aborts
# (https://github.com/joyent/libuv/pull/1136)
# - There global shared state that breaks signal handling
# and leads to an abort() in the child, EVEN IF the loop in the parent
# had already been closed
# (https://github.com/joyent/libuv/issues/1405)
# In 1.12, the uv_loop_fork function was added (by gevent!)
libuv.uv_loop_fork(self.ptr)
_prepare_ran_callbacks = False
def __run_queued_callbacks(self):
if not self._queued_callbacks:
return False
cbs = self._queued_callbacks[:]
del self._queued_callbacks[:]
for watcher_ptr, arg in cbs:
handle = watcher_ptr.data
if not handle:
# It's been stopped and possibly closed
assert not libuv.uv_is_active(watcher_ptr)
continue
val = _callbacks.python_callback(handle, arg)
if val == -1: # Failure.
_callbacks.python_handle_error(handle, arg)
elif val == 1: # Success
if not libuv.uv_is_active(watcher_ptr):
# The callback closed the watcher in C. Good.
# It's supposed to also reset the pointer to NULL at
# that same time. If it resets it to something else, we're
# re-using the same watcher object, and that's not correct either.
# Prevoiusly we checked for that case, but we shouldn't need to.
handle_after_callback = watcher_ptr.data
try:
if handle_after_callback:
_callbacks.python_stop(handle_after_callback)
if handle_after_callback != handle:
_callbacks.python_stop(handle)
finally:
watcher_ptr.data = ffi.NULL
return True
def run(self, nowait=False, once=False):
# we can only respect one flag or the other.
# nowait takes precedence because it can't block
mode = libuv.UV_RUN_DEFAULT
if once:
mode = libuv.UV_RUN_ONCE
if nowait:
mode = libuv.UV_RUN_NOWAIT
if mode == libuv.UV_RUN_DEFAULT:
while self._ptr and self._ptr.data:
# This is here to better preserve order guarantees.
# See _run_callbacks for details.
# It may get run again from the prepare watcher, so
# potentially we could take twice as long as the
# switch interval.
# If we have *lots* of callbacks to run, we may not actually
# get through them all before we're requested to poll for IO;
# so in that case, just spin the loop once (UV_RUN_NOWAIT) and
# go again.
self._run_callbacks()
self._prepare_ran_callbacks = False
# UV_RUN_ONCE will poll for IO, blocking for up to the time needed
# for the next timer to expire. Worst case, that's our _signal_idle
# timer, about 1/3 second. UV_RUN_ONCE guarantees that some forward progress
# is made, either by an IO watcher or a timer.
#
# In contrast, UV_RUN_NOWAIT makes no such guarantee, it only polls for IO once and
# immediately returns; it does not update the loop time or timers after
# polling for IO.
run_mode = (
libuv.UV_RUN_ONCE
if not self._callbacks and not self._queued_callbacks
else libuv.UV_RUN_NOWAIT
)
ran_status = libuv.uv_run(self._ptr, run_mode)
# Note that we run queued callbacks when the prepare watcher runs,
# thus accounting for timers that expired before polling for IO,
# and idle watchers. This next call should get IO callbacks and
# callbacks from timers that expired *after* polling for IO.
ran_callbacks = self.__run_queued_callbacks()
if not ran_status and not ran_callbacks and not self._prepare_ran_callbacks:
# A return of 0 means there are no referenced and
# active handles. The loop is over.
# If we didn't run any callbacks, then we couldn't schedule
# anything to switch in the future, so there's no point
# running again.
return ran_status
return 0 # Somebody closed the loop
result = libuv.uv_run(self._ptr, mode)
self.__run_queued_callbacks()
return result
def now(self):
# libuv's now is expressed as an integer number of
# milliseconds, so to get it compatible with time.time units
# that this method is supposed to return, we have to divide by 1000.0
now = libuv.uv_now(self.ptr)
return now / 1000.0
def update_now(self):
libuv.uv_update_time(self.ptr)
def fileno(self):
if self.ptr:
fd = libuv.uv_backend_fd(self._ptr)
if fd >= 0:
return fd
_sigchld_watcher = None
_sigchld_callback_ffi = None
def install_sigchld(self):
if not self.default:
return
if self._sigchld_watcher:
return
self._sigchld_watcher = ffi.new('uv_signal_t*')
libuv.uv_signal_init(self.ptr, self._sigchld_watcher)
self._sigchld_watcher.data = self._handle_to_self
# Don't let this keep the loop alive
libuv.uv_unref(self._sigchld_watcher)
libuv.uv_signal_start(self._sigchld_watcher,
libuv.python_sigchld_callback,
signal.SIGCHLD)
def reset_sigchld(self):
if not self.default or not self._sigchld_watcher:
return
libuv.uv_signal_stop(self._sigchld_watcher)
# Must go through this to manage the memory lifetime
# correctly. Alternately, we could just stop it and restart
# it in install_sigchld?
_watchers.watcher._watcher_ffi_close(self._sigchld_watcher)
del self._sigchld_watcher
def _sigchld_callback(self):
# Signals can arrive at (relatively) any time. To eliminate
# race conditions, and behave more like libev, we "queue"
# sigchld to run when we run callbacks.
while True:
try:
pid, status, _usage = os.wait3(os.WNOHANG)
except OSError:
# Python 3 raises ChildProcessError
break
if pid == 0:
break
children_watchers = self._child_watchers.get(pid, []) + self._child_watchers.get(0, [])
for watcher in children_watchers:
self.run_callback(watcher._set_waitpid_status, pid, status)
# Don't invoke child watchers for 0 more than once
self._child_watchers[0] = []
def _register_child_watcher(self, watcher):
self._child_watchers[watcher._pid].append(watcher)
def _unregister_child_watcher(self, watcher):
try:
# stop() should be idempotent
self._child_watchers[watcher._pid].remove(watcher)
except ValueError:
pass
# Now's a good time to clean up any dead watchers we don't need
# anymore
for pid in list(self._child_watchers):
if not self._child_watchers[pid]:
del self._child_watchers[pid]
def io(self, fd, events, ref=True, priority=None):
# We rely on hard references here and explicit calls to
# close() on the returned object to correctly manage
# the watcher lifetimes.
io_watchers = self._io_watchers
try:
io_watcher = io_watchers[fd]
assert io_watcher._multiplex_watchers, ("IO Watcher %s unclosed but should be dead" % io_watcher)
except KeyError:
# Start the watcher with just the events that we're interested in.
# as multiplexers are added, the real event mask will be updated to keep in sync.
# If we watch for too much, we get spurious wakeups and busy loops.
io_watcher = self._watchers.io(self, fd, 0)
io_watchers[fd] = io_watcher
io_watcher._no_more_watchers = lambda: delitem(io_watchers, fd)
return io_watcher.multiplex(events)
def prepare(self, ref=True, priority=None):
# We run arbitrary code in python_prepare_callback. That could switch
# greenlets. If it does that while also manipulating the active prepare
# watchers, we could corrupt the process state, since the prepare watcher
# queue is iterated on the stack (on unix). We could workaround this by implementing
# prepare watchers in pure Python.
# See https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1126
raise TypeError("prepare watchers are not currently supported in libuv. "
"If you need them, please contact the maintainers.")