You cannot select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
260 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
260 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
8 months ago
|
# `node-gyp` - Node.js native addon build tool
|
||
|
|
||
|
[![Build Status](https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp/workflows/Tests/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp/actions?query=workflow%3ATests+branch%3Amaster)
|
||
|
![npm](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/node-gyp)
|
||
|
|
||
|
`node-gyp` is a cross-platform command-line tool written in Node.js for
|
||
|
compiling native addon modules for Node.js. It contains a vendored copy of the
|
||
|
[gyp-next](https://github.com/nodejs/gyp-next) project that was previously used
|
||
|
by the Chromium team, extended to support the development of Node.js native addons.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Note that `node-gyp` is _not_ used to build Node.js itself.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Multiple target versions of Node.js are supported (i.e. `0.8`, ..., `4`, `5`, `6`,
|
||
|
etc.), regardless of what version of Node.js is actually installed on your system
|
||
|
(`node-gyp` downloads the necessary development files or headers for the target version).
|
||
|
|
||
|
## Features
|
||
|
|
||
|
* The same build commands work on any of the supported platforms
|
||
|
* Supports the targeting of different versions of Node.js
|
||
|
|
||
|
## Installation
|
||
|
|
||
|
You can install `node-gyp` using `npm`:
|
||
|
|
||
|
``` bash
|
||
|
npm install -g node-gyp
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
Depending on your operating system, you will need to install:
|
||
|
|
||
|
### On Unix
|
||
|
|
||
|
* Python v3.7, v3.8, v3.9, or v3.10
|
||
|
* `make`
|
||
|
* A proper C/C++ compiler toolchain, like [GCC](https://gcc.gnu.org)
|
||
|
|
||
|
### On macOS
|
||
|
|
||
|
**ATTENTION**: If your Mac has been _upgraded_ to macOS Catalina (10.15) or higher, please read [macOS_Catalina.md](macOS_Catalina.md).
|
||
|
|
||
|
* Python v3.7, v3.8, v3.9, or v3.10
|
||
|
* `XCode Command Line Tools` which will install `clang`, `clang++`, and `make`.
|
||
|
* Install the `XCode Command Line Tools` standalone by running `xcode-select --install`. -- OR --
|
||
|
* Alternatively, if you already have the [full Xcode installed](https://developer.apple.com/xcode/download/), you can install the Command Line Tools under the menu `Xcode -> Open Developer Tool -> More Developer Tools...`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
### On Windows
|
||
|
|
||
|
Install the current version of Python from the [Microsoft Store package](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/python-310/9pjpw5ldxlz5).
|
||
|
|
||
|
Install tools and configuration manually:
|
||
|
* Install Visual C++ Build Environment: [Visual Studio Build Tools](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/thank-you-downloading-visual-studio/?sku=BuildTools)
|
||
|
(using "Visual C++ build tools" workload) or [Visual Studio Community](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/thank-you-downloading-visual-studio/?sku=Community)
|
||
|
(using the "Desktop development with C++" workload)
|
||
|
|
||
|
If the above steps didn't work for you, please visit [Microsoft's Node.js Guidelines for Windows](https://github.com/Microsoft/nodejs-guidelines/blob/master/windows-environment.md#compiling-native-addon-modules) for additional tips.
|
||
|
|
||
|
To target native ARM64 Node.js on Windows on ARM, add the components "Visual C++ compilers and libraries for ARM64" and "Visual C++ ATL for ARM64".
|
||
|
|
||
|
To use the native ARM64 C++ compiler on Windows on ARM, ensure that you have Visual Studio 2022 [17.4 or later](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/visualstudio/arm64-visual-studio-is-officially-here/) installed.
|
||
|
|
||
|
### Configuring Python Dependency
|
||
|
|
||
|
`node-gyp` requires that you have installed a compatible version of Python, one of: v3.7, v3.8,
|
||
|
v3.9, or v3.10. If you have multiple Python versions installed, you can identify which Python
|
||
|
version `node-gyp` should use in one of the following ways:
|
||
|
|
||
|
1. by setting the `--python` command-line option, e.g.:
|
||
|
|
||
|
``` bash
|
||
|
node-gyp <command> --python /path/to/executable/python
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
2. If `node-gyp` is called by way of `npm`, *and* you have multiple versions of
|
||
|
Python installed, then you can set `npm`'s 'python' config key to the appropriate
|
||
|
value:
|
||
|
|
||
|
``` bash
|
||
|
npm config set python /path/to/executable/python
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
3. If the `PYTHON` environment variable is set to the path of a Python executable,
|
||
|
then that version will be used, if it is a compatible version.
|
||
|
|
||
|
4. If the `NODE_GYP_FORCE_PYTHON` environment variable is set to the path of a
|
||
|
Python executable, it will be used instead of any of the other configured or
|
||
|
builtin Python search paths. If it's not a compatible version, no further
|
||
|
searching will be done.
|
||
|
|
||
|
### Build for Third Party Node.js Runtimes
|
||
|
|
||
|
When building modules for third party Node.js runtimes like Electron, which have
|
||
|
different build configurations from the official Node.js distribution, you
|
||
|
should use `--dist-url` or `--nodedir` flags to specify the headers of the
|
||
|
runtime to build for.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Also when `--dist-url` or `--nodedir` flags are passed, node-gyp will use the
|
||
|
`config.gypi` shipped in the headers distribution to generate build
|
||
|
configurations, which is different from the default mode that would use the
|
||
|
`process.config` object of the running Node.js instance.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Some old versions of Electron shipped malformed `config.gypi` in their headers
|
||
|
distributions, and you might need to pass `--force-process-config` to node-gyp
|
||
|
to work around configuration errors.
|
||
|
|
||
|
## How to Use
|
||
|
|
||
|
To compile your native addon, first go to its root directory:
|
||
|
|
||
|
``` bash
|
||
|
cd my_node_addon
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
The next step is to generate the appropriate project build files for the current
|
||
|
platform. Use `configure` for that:
|
||
|
|
||
|
``` bash
|
||
|
node-gyp configure
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
Auto-detection fails for Visual C++ Build Tools 2015, so `--msvs_version=2015`
|
||
|
needs to be added (not needed when run by npm as configured above):
|
||
|
``` bash
|
||
|
node-gyp configure --msvs_version=2015
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
__Note__: The `configure` step looks for a `binding.gyp` file in the current
|
||
|
directory to process. See below for instructions on creating a `binding.gyp` file.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Now you will have either a `Makefile` (on Unix platforms) or a `vcxproj` file
|
||
|
(on Windows) in the `build/` directory. Next, invoke the `build` command:
|
||
|
|
||
|
``` bash
|
||
|
node-gyp build
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
Now you have your compiled `.node` bindings file! The compiled bindings end up
|
||
|
in `build/Debug/` or `build/Release/`, depending on the build mode. At this point,
|
||
|
you can require the `.node` file with Node.js and run your tests!
|
||
|
|
||
|
__Note:__ To create a _Debug_ build of the bindings file, pass the `--debug` (or
|
||
|
`-d`) switch when running either the `configure`, `build` or `rebuild` commands.
|
||
|
|
||
|
## The `binding.gyp` file
|
||
|
|
||
|
A `binding.gyp` file describes the configuration to build your module, in a
|
||
|
JSON-like format. This file gets placed in the root of your package, alongside
|
||
|
`package.json`.
|
||
|
|
||
|
A barebones `gyp` file appropriate for building a Node.js addon could look like:
|
||
|
|
||
|
```python
|
||
|
{
|
||
|
"targets": [
|
||
|
{
|
||
|
"target_name": "binding",
|
||
|
"sources": [ "src/binding.cc" ]
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
]
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
## Further reading
|
||
|
|
||
|
The **[docs](./docs/)** directory contains additional documentation on specific node-gyp topics that may be useful if you are experiencing problems installing or building addons using node-gyp.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Some additional resources for Node.js native addons and writing `gyp` configuration files:
|
||
|
|
||
|
* ["Going Native" a nodeschool.io tutorial](http://nodeschool.io/#goingnative)
|
||
|
* ["Hello World" node addon example](https://github.com/nodejs/node/tree/master/test/addons/hello-world)
|
||
|
* [gyp user documentation](https://gyp.gsrc.io/docs/UserDocumentation.md)
|
||
|
* [gyp input format reference](https://gyp.gsrc.io/docs/InputFormatReference.md)
|
||
|
* [*"binding.gyp" files out in the wild* wiki page](./docs/binding.gyp-files-in-the-wild.md)
|
||
|
|
||
|
## Commands
|
||
|
|
||
|
`node-gyp` responds to the following commands:
|
||
|
|
||
|
| **Command** | **Description**
|
||
|
|:--------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
| `help` | Shows the help dialog
|
||
|
| `build` | Invokes `make`/`msbuild.exe` and builds the native addon
|
||
|
| `clean` | Removes the `build` directory if it exists
|
||
|
| `configure` | Generates project build files for the current platform
|
||
|
| `rebuild` | Runs `clean`, `configure` and `build` all in a row
|
||
|
| `install` | Installs Node.js header files for the given version
|
||
|
| `list` | Lists the currently installed Node.js header versions
|
||
|
| `remove` | Removes the Node.js header files for the given version
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
## Command Options
|
||
|
|
||
|
`node-gyp` accepts the following command options:
|
||
|
|
||
|
| **Command** | **Description**
|
||
|
|:----------------------------------|:------------------------------------------
|
||
|
| `-j n`, `--jobs n` | Run `make` in parallel. The value `max` will use all available CPU cores
|
||
|
| `--target=v6.2.1` | Node.js version to build for (default is `process.version`)
|
||
|
| `--silly`, `--loglevel=silly` | Log all progress to console
|
||
|
| `--verbose`, `--loglevel=verbose` | Log most progress to console
|
||
|
| `--silent`, `--loglevel=silent` | Don't log anything to console
|
||
|
| `debug`, `--debug` | Make Debug build (default is `Release`)
|
||
|
| `--release`, `--no-debug` | Make Release build
|
||
|
| `-C $dir`, `--directory=$dir` | Run command in different directory
|
||
|
| `--make=$make` | Override `make` command (e.g. `gmake`)
|
||
|
| `--thin=yes` | Enable thin static libraries
|
||
|
| `--arch=$arch` | Set target architecture (e.g. ia32)
|
||
|
| `--tarball=$path` | Get headers from a local tarball
|
||
|
| `--devdir=$path` | SDK download directory (default is OS cache directory)
|
||
|
| `--ensure` | Don't reinstall headers if already present
|
||
|
| `--dist-url=$url` | Download header tarball from custom URL
|
||
|
| `--proxy=$url` | Set HTTP(S) proxy for downloading header tarball
|
||
|
| `--noproxy=$urls` | Set urls to ignore proxies when downloading header tarball
|
||
|
| `--cafile=$cafile` | Override default CA chain (to download tarball)
|
||
|
| `--nodedir=$path` | Set the path to the node source code
|
||
|
| `--python=$path` | Set path to the Python binary
|
||
|
| `--msvs_version=$version` | Set Visual Studio version (Windows only)
|
||
|
| `--solution=$solution` | Set Visual Studio Solution version (Windows only)
|
||
|
| `--force-process-config` | Force using runtime's `process.config` object to generate `config.gypi` file
|
||
|
|
||
|
## Configuration
|
||
|
|
||
|
### Environment variables
|
||
|
|
||
|
Use the form `npm_config_OPTION_NAME` for any of the command options listed
|
||
|
above (dashes in option names should be replaced by underscores).
|
||
|
|
||
|
For example, to set `devdir` equal to `/tmp/.gyp`, you would:
|
||
|
|
||
|
Run this on Unix:
|
||
|
|
||
|
```bash
|
||
|
export npm_config_devdir=/tmp/.gyp
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
Or this on Windows:
|
||
|
|
||
|
```console
|
||
|
set npm_config_devdir=c:\temp\.gyp
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
### `npm` configuration
|
||
|
|
||
|
Use the form `OPTION_NAME` for any of the command options listed above.
|
||
|
|
||
|
For example, to set `devdir` equal to `/tmp/.gyp`, you would run:
|
||
|
|
||
|
```bash
|
||
|
npm config set [--global] devdir /tmp/.gyp
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
**Note:** Configuration set via `npm` will only be used when `node-gyp`
|
||
|
is run via `npm`, not when `node-gyp` is run directly.
|
||
|
|
||
|
## License
|
||
|
|
||
|
`node-gyp` is available under the MIT license. See the [LICENSE
|
||
|
file](LICENSE) for details.
|