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title: Book binding Glossary 
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# ○ Grain direction {.title }

⤷ All paper sheets have a direction

⤷ I usually know what is it by holding it with one finger underneath and then seeing where it bends. That's the grain direction.

⤷ It is usuful to know it when doing bookbinding because paper usually gets wet due to the glue and bends. You don't want it to get bended in to the wrong direction. [⤴](https://www.hewit.com/skin_deep/?volume=10&article=1)

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# ○ Bone Folding {.title}

⤷ People uses a wooden stick for this

⤷ One of the most valuable tools for book binders <3

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# ○ Yotsume Toji {.title}

⤷ Book binding style from Japan.

⤷ You can find some examples here. [⤴](https://www.japanhousesp.com.br/artigo/yotsume-toji-aprenda-encadernacao-japonesa/)

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# ○ Threads {.title}

⤷ traditional biding techniques uses threads and needles to bind multiple papersheets or folios

⤷ they are usually covered by wax to protect the paper. 

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