// Talkie library // Copyright 2011 Peter Knight // Adafruit library modified by Jean-Luc Deladrière // This code is released under GPLv2 license. // Though the Wave Shield DAC pins are configurable, much else in this code // is still very Uno-specific; the timers and timer control registers, the // PWM output pin, etc. Compatibility with other boards is not guaranteed. #include "talkie.h" #define PIEZO // If set, connect piezo on pins 3 & 11, is louder //#define FS 8000 // Speech engine sample rate #define FS map(analogRead(1),0,1023,4000,16000) //#define TICKS (FS / 40) // Speech data rate #define TICKS 20 // Speech data rate //#define TICKS map(analogRead(0),0,700,20,800) // Some of these variables could go in the Talkie object, but the hardware // specificity (reliance on certain timers and/or PWM pins) kills any point // in multiple instances; there can be only one. So they're declared as // static here to keep the header simple and self-documenting. //#if TICKS < 255 //static volatile uint8_t interruptCount; //#else static volatile uint16_t interruptCount; static volatile uint16_t slower; //#endif static volatile uint8_t *csPort, *clkPort, *datPort; static volatile uint16_t synthEnergy; static volatile int16_t synthK1, synthK2; static volatile int8_t synthK3, synthK4, synthK5, synthK6, synthK7, synthK8, synthK9, synthK10; static uint16_t buf, synthRand = 1; static int16_t x0, x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9; static uint8_t periodCounter, nextPwm = 0x80, synthPeriod, bufBits, csBitMask, clkBitMask, datBitMask; static const uint8_t *ptrAddr; static const int16_t PROGMEM tmsK1[] = {0x82C0,0x8380,0x83C0,0x8440,0x84C0,0x8540,0x8600,0x8780, 0x8880,0x8980,0x8AC0,0x8C00,0x8D40,0x8F00,0x90C0,0x92C0, 0x9900,0xA140,0xAB80,0xB840,0xC740,0xD8C0,0xEBC0,0x0000, 0x1440,0x2740,0x38C0,0x47C0,0x5480,0x5EC0,0x6700,0x6D40}, tmsK2[] = {0xAE00,0xB480,0xBB80,0xC340,0xCB80,0xD440,0xDDC0,0xE780, 0xF180,0xFBC0,0x0600,0x1040,0x1A40,0x2400,0x2D40,0x3600, 0x3E40,0x45C0,0x4CC0,0x5300,0x5880,0x5DC0,0x6240,0x6640, 0x69C0,0x6CC0,0x6F80,0x71C0,0x73C0,0x7580,0x7700,0x7E80}; static const int8_t PROGMEM tmsK3[] = {0x92,0x9F,0xAD,0xBA,0xC8,0xD5,0xE3,0xF0, 0xFE,0x0B,0x19,0x26,0x34,0x41,0x4F,0x5C}, tmsK4[] = {0xAE,0xBC,0xCA,0xD8,0xE6,0xF4,0x01,0x0F, 0x1D,0x2B,0x39,0x47,0x55,0x63,0x71,0x7E}, tmsK5[] = {0xAE,0xBA,0xC5,0xD1,0xDD,0xE8,0xF4,0xFF, 0x0B,0x17,0x22,0x2E,0x39,0x45,0x51,0x5C}, tmsK6[] = {0xC0,0xCB,0xD6,0xE1,0xEC,0xF7,0x03,0x0E, 0x19,0x24,0x2F,0x3A,0x45,0x50,0x5B,0x66}, tmsK7[] = {0xB3,0xBF,0xCB,0xD7,0xE3,0xEF,0xFB,0x07, 0x13,0x1F,0x2B,0x37,0x43,0x4F,0x5A,0x66}, tmsK8[] = {0xC0,0xD8,0xF0,0x07,0x1F,0x37,0x4F,0x66}, tmsK9[] = {0xC0,0xD4,0xE8,0xFC,0x10,0x25,0x39,0x4D}, tmsK10[] = {0xCD,0xDF,0xF1,0x04,0x16,0x20,0x3B,0x4D}, chirp[] = {0x00,0x2A,0xD4,0x32,0xB2,0x12,0x25,0x14, 0x02,0xE1,0xC5,0x02,0x5F,0x5A,0x05,0x0F, 0x26,0xFC,0xA5,0xA5,0xD6,0xDD,0xDC,0xFC, 0x25,0x2B,0x22,0x21,0x0F,0xFF,0xF8,0xEE, 0xED,0xEF,0xF7,0xF6,0xFA,0x00,0x03,0x02,0x01}; static const uint8_t PROGMEM tmsEnergy[] = {0x00,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x07,0x0A,0x0F, 0x14,0x20,0x29,0x39,0x51,0x72,0xA1,0xFF}, tmsPeriod[] = {0x00,0x10,0x11,0x12,0x13,0x14,0x15,0x16, 0x17,0x18,0x19,0x1A,0x1B,0x1C,0x1D,0x1E, 0x1F,0x20,0x21,0x22,0x23,0x24,0x25,0x26, 0x27,0x28,0x29,0x2A,0x2B,0x2D,0x2F,0x31, 0x33,0x35,0x36,0x39,0x3B,0x3D,0x3F,0x42, 0x45,0x47,0x49,0x4D,0x4F,0x51,0x55,0x57, 0x5C,0x5F,0x63,0x66,0x6A,0x6E,0x73,0x77, 0x7B,0x80,0x85,0x8A,0x8F,0x95,0x9A,0xA0}; // Constructor for PWM mode Talkie::Talkie(void) { #if defined(__AVR_ATmega32U4__) pinMode(5, OUTPUT); // !OC4A #else pinMode(3, OUTPUT); // OC2B #endif #ifdef PIEZO pinMode(11, OUTPUT); // OC2A #endif csBitMask = 0; // DAC not in use } // Constructor for DAC mode Talkie::Talkie(uint8_t cs, uint8_t clk, uint8_t dat) { csPort = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(cs)); csBitMask = digitalPinToBitMask(cs); clkPort = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(clk)); clkBitMask = digitalPinToBitMask(clk); datPort = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(dat)); datBitMask = digitalPinToBitMask(dat); pinMode(cs , OUTPUT); pinMode(clk, OUTPUT); pinMode(dat, OUTPUT); *csPort |= csBitMask; // Deselect *clkPort &= ~clkBitMask; // Clock low } void Talkie::say(const uint8_t *addr, boolean block) { // Enable the speech system whenever say() is called. if(!csBitMask) { #if defined(__AVR_ATmega32U4__) // Set up Timer4 for fast PWM on !OC4A PLLFRQ = (PLLFRQ & 0xCF) | 0x30; // Route PLL to async clk TCCR4A = _BV(COM4A0) | _BV(PWM4A); // Clear on match, PWMA on TCCR4B = _BV(PWM4X) |_BV(CS40); // PWM invert, 1:1 prescale TCCR4D = 0; // Fast PWM mode TCCR4E = 0; // Not enhanced mode TC4H = 0; // Not 10-bit mode DT4 = 0; // No dead time OCR4C = 255; // TOP OCR4A = 127; // 50% duty to start #else // Set up Timer2 for 8-bit, 62500 Hz PWM on OC2B TCCR2A = _BV(COM2B1) | _BV(WGM21) | _BV(WGM20); TCCR2B = _BV(CS20); // No prescale TIMSK2 = 0; // No interrupt OCR2B = 0x80; // 50% duty cycle #ifdef PIEZO OCR2A = 0x80; TCCR2A |= _BV(COM2A1) | _BV(COM2A0); // OC2A inverting mode #endif #endif } // Reset synth state and 'ROM' reader x0 = x1 = x2 = x3 = x4 = x5 = x6 = x7 = x8 = periodCounter = buf = bufBits = 0; ptrAddr = addr; interruptCount = TICKS; // modif rate // Set up Timer1 to trigger periodic synth calc at 'FS' Hz TCCR1A = 0; // No output TCCR1B = _BV(WGM12) | _BV(CS10); // CTC mode, no prescale //OCR1A = ((F_CPU + (FS / 2)) / FS) - 1; // 'FS' Hz (w/rounding) OCR1A = F_CPU / FS; TCNT1 = 0; // Reset counter TIMSK1 = _BV(OCIE1A); // Compare match interrupt on if(block) while(TIMSK1 & _BV(OCIE1A)); slower= map(analogRead(0),0,1023,600,0); } boolean Talkie::talking(void) { return TIMSK1 & _BV(OCIE1A); } static inline uint8_t rev(uint8_t a) { // Reverse bit sequence in 8-bit value a = ( a >> 4) | ( a << 4); // 76543210 -> 32107654 a = ((a & 0xCC) >> 2) | ((a & 0x33) << 2); // 32107654 -> 10325476 a = ((a & 0xAA) >> 1) | ((a & 0x55) << 1); // 10325476 -> 01234567 return a; } static uint8_t getBits(uint8_t bits) { uint8_t value; if(bits > bufBits) { buf |= rev(pgm_read_byte(ptrAddr)) << (8 - bufBits); bufBits += 8; ptrAddr++; // Don't post-inc in pgm_read_byte! Is a macro. } value = buf >> (16 - bits); buf <<= bits; bufBits -= bits; return value; } static void dacOut(uint8_t value) { uint8_t bit; *csPort &= ~csBitMask; // Select DAC // Clock out 4 bits DAC config (not in loop because it's constant) *datPort &= ~datBitMask; // 0 = Select DAC A, unbuffered *clkPort |= clkBitMask; *clkPort &= ~clkBitMask; *clkPort |= clkBitMask; *clkPort &= ~clkBitMask; *datPort |= datBitMask; // 1X gain, enable = 1 *clkPort |= clkBitMask; *clkPort &= ~clkBitMask; *clkPort |= clkBitMask; *clkPort &= ~clkBitMask; // Output is expanded from 8 to 12 bits for DAC. Perhaps the // synthesizer math could be fiddled to generate 12-bit values. for(bit=0x80; bit; bit>>=1) { // Clock out first 8 bits of data if(value & bit) *datPort |= datBitMask; else *datPort &= ~datBitMask; *clkPort |= clkBitMask; *clkPort &= ~clkBitMask; } for(bit=0x80; bit >= 0x10; bit>>=1) { // Low 4 bits = repeat hi 4 if(value & bit) *datPort |= datBitMask; else *datPort &= ~datBitMask; *clkPort |= clkBitMask; *clkPort &= ~clkBitMask; } *csPort |= csBitMask; // Unselect DAC } #define read8(base, bits) pgm_read_byte(&base[getBits(bits)]); #define read16(base, bits) pgm_read_word(&base[getBits(bits)]); ISR(TIMER1_COMPA_vect) { int16_t u0; if(csBitMask) dacOut(nextPwm); #if defined(__AVR_ATmega32U4__) else OCR4A = nextPwm; #else #ifdef PIEZO else OCR2A = OCR2B = nextPwm; #else else OCR2B = nextPwm; #endif #endif if(++interruptCount >= TICKS+slower){ // Read speech data, processing the variable size frames uint8_t energy; if((energy = getBits(4)) == 0) { // Rest frame synthEnergy = 0; } else if(energy == 0xF) { // Stop frame; silence TIMSK1 &= ~_BV(OCIE1A); // Stop interrupt nextPwm = 0x80; // Neutral if(csBitMask) { dacOut(nextPwm); } else { // Stop PWM out: #if defined(__AVR_ATmega32U4__) TCCR4A = 0; #else //TCCR2A = 0; // to avoid "Plop" between speech #endif } return; } else { synthEnergy = pgm_read_byte(&tmsEnergy[energy]); uint8_t repeat = getBits(1); synthPeriod = pgm_read_byte(&tmsPeriod[getBits(6)]); if(!repeat) { // A repeat frame uses last coefficients synthK1 = read16(tmsK1, 5); // All frames synthK2 = read16(tmsK2, 5); // use the first synthK3 = read8( tmsK3, 4); // 4 coefficients synthK4 = read8( tmsK4, 4); if(synthPeriod) { synthK5 = read8(tmsK5 , 4); // Voiced synthK6 = read8(tmsK6 , 4); // frames synthK7 = read8(tmsK7 , 4); // use synthK8 = read8(tmsK8 , 3); // six synthK9 = read8(tmsK9 , 3); // extra synthK10 = read8(tmsK10, 3); // coeffs } } } interruptCount = 0; } if(synthPeriod) { // Voiced source if(++periodCounter >= synthPeriod) periodCounter = 0; u0 = (periodCounter >= sizeof(chirp)) ? 0 : (pgm_read_byte(&chirp[periodCounter]) * (uint32_t)synthEnergy) >> 8; } else { // Unvoiced source synthRand = (synthRand >> 1) ^ ((synthRand & 1) ? 0xB800 : 0); u0 = (synthRand & 1) ? synthEnergy : -synthEnergy; } u0 -= ((synthK10 * x9) + (synthK9 * x8)) >> 7; x9 = x8 + ((synthK9 * u0 ) >> 7); u0 -= ((synthK8 * x7 ) >> 7); x8 = x7 + ((synthK8 * u0 ) >> 7); u0 -= ((synthK7 * x6 ) >> 7); x7 = x6 + ((synthK7 * u0 ) >> 7); u0 -= ((synthK6 * x5 ) >> 7); x6 = x5 + ((synthK6 * u0 ) >> 7); u0 -= ((synthK5 * x4 ) >> 7); x5 = x4 + ((synthK5 * u0 ) >> 7); u0 -= ((synthK4 * x3 ) >> 7); x4 = x3 + ((synthK4 * u0 ) >> 7); u0 -= ((synthK3 * x2 ) >> 7); x3 = x2 + ((synthK3 * u0 ) >> 7); u0 -= ((synthK2 * (int32_t)x1 ) >> 15); x2 = x1 + ((synthK2 * (int32_t)u0 ) >> 15); u0 -= ((synthK1 * (int32_t)x0 ) >> 15); x1 = x0 + ((synthK1 * (int32_t)u0 ) >> 15); if( u0 > 511) u0 = 511; // Output clamp else if(u0 < -512) u0 = -512; x0 = u0; nextPwm = (u0 >> 2) + 0x80; }