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<title>bertelsmann</title>
<meta name="author" content="Biyi Wen">
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<div id="container">
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<nav class="crumbs">
<ol>
<li class="crumb"><a href="index.html">Index</a></li>
<li class="crumb"><a href="borges_bookstore.html">Borges Bookstore</a></li>
<li class="crumb">Bertelsmann</li>
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<h1>Bertelsmann</h1>
<p style="margin-top:60px;">June 2008, <a class="external" href="http://finance.sina.com.cn/blank/qygc209bertelsmann.shtml">Sina News</a> remarked on Bertelsmann's closure in Chinese market in the following words - "Bertelsmann terminates its business in both online and offline distribution of books, along with Der Club Bertelsmann, which has over 1,500,000 subscribing memberships over the country."</p>
<p>The catalogs that I saw, subscribed by the students in my parents' school, are from Bertelsmann. For 20 RMB, a customer can subscribe for a year-long membership. As a requirement, members should purchase at least one book per season, under designated categories. </p>
<p>This tradition is descended from Bertelsmann's business model from its early days. During the WWII, Bertelsmann became a major publisher for the Nazi party; generating revenues by printing contents populated with Nazi propoganda. After the war, Bertelsmann faced nationwide economic recession. As a strategy to stimulate sales, Bertelsmann founded a book club "Lesering". It re-prints materials after 4-6 months after the initial launch, therefore circumvents national policy of fixed pricing, making book price much lower. This strategy attracted large population of memberships.</p>
<p>In the following decades, Bertelsmann grew into a global player in media industry. In 1997, Bertelsmann entered the Chinese market after initial market research. Its business model is catalog based membership subscription. Before e-commerce became popular, shopping by catalog was a prominent business model. Do you remember television shopping as well?</p>
<p>In 1999, Bertelsmann launched <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040612052801/http://bolchina.com/cgi-bin/bol/bol/hmp_welcome.jsp">BOLChina</a>, distributing media product online. Although it subsequently closed due to many reasons: the dot come crash, and immaturity of e-commerce market.</p>
<p>Despite the fact that Der Club Bertelsmann is now history, the Bertelsmann corporation is still connected with our daily lives in its dissolvment. According to <a class="external" href = "http://baifund.com/">BAI, Bertelsmann Asia Investments</a>, we see many familiar names.<a class="external" href="https://mobike.com/global/"> Mobike</a>, a bike sharing company; <a class="external"href="https://douban.com">Douban</a>, a media platform for contents related to music, books, and film; <a class="external" href="https://www.lagou.com/">Lagou</a>, a hiring platform. The list continues. </p>
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<img id ="storefront" src="img/bertelsmann/storefront_closed.jpg" alt="storefront_closed"></img>
<img id="catalog" src="img/bertelsmann/catalog.jpg" alt="catalog"></img>
<img id="card" src="img/bertelsmann/card.jpg" alt="card"></img>
<img id="truck" src="img/bertelsmann/book_truck.jpg" alt="book_truck"></img>
<img id="parade" src="img/bertelsmann/member_parade.jpg" alt=""></img>
<img id="investment" src="img/bertelsmann/investment.jpg" alt="investment"></img>
<footer id="gallery">The Bertelsmann chrnology revisted in photography archive: closed storefronts, catalogs back in the day, membership card; the Lesering bookclub bus in resemblance of icecream trucks, a parade, and Bertelsmann's new life as embodied as investments in myriads of companies.</footer>
</section>
<section id="network">
<h1>How to Archive Disintegrated Network?</h1>
<p><a class="colleague" href="http://nothat.bad.mn">"A digital network is alive, fully in motion, unstable, ever growing, decaying, dying, restarting.How do we publish that?"</a> is a question raised by my colleague Rita from XPUB. She developed a domentation tool to publish network status in its perished form, which we tend to neglect.</p>
<p>To review network in decay is to rewrite digital network's ontology. I didn't think of digital network as alive or deceased beings before. The <a class="external" href="https://archive.org/">Internet Archive</a> provided a glimpse to BOLChina's appearance in 2004. As today, BOLChina as a DNS no longer active.</p>
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<!doctype html>
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<title>Borges</title>
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<li class="crumb">Borges</li>
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<h1>Borges</h1>
<p style="margin-top:60px;">Argentinian writer Borges have said, "I have always imagined that paradise will be a kind of library." He have also said, there was once map that was so comprehensive that it covered the entire earth surface, to which it was representative of.</p>
<p>I nearly confused Borges to be the writer of The Invisible City, and realized it's written by Calvino. I probably established this connection because Calvino's If on a Winter's Night a Traveller, through which a reader will read into a reader's experience reading a book called If on a Winter's Night a Traveller. It was this recursivity that I connected Borges and Calvino together.</p>
<p>Another two writers with unique writing structures are <a href="pnin.html">Nabokov</a> and <a href="claude_simon.html"> Claude Simon</a>.
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<img srcset="img/borges/recursivity_200w.png 200w,"
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src="img/borges/recursivity.png" alt="recursion">
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<p>Recursion Diagram</p>
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<section id="network">
<h1>Excerpts from <cite>The Garden of Forking Paths</cite></h1>
<p>"Are you going to Dr. Stephen Albert's house?" Without waiting for my
answer, another said: "The house is a good distance away but you won't get lost if
you take the road to the left and bear to the left at every crossroad."</p>
<p>The advice about
turning always to the left reminded me that such was the common formula for
finding the central courtyard of certain labyrinths. I know something about
labyrinths. Not for nothing am I the greatgrandson of Ts'ui Pen. He was Governor of
Yunnan and gave up temporal power to write a novel with more characters than
there are in the Hung Lou Meng, and to create a maze in which all men would lose
themselves. He spent thirteen years on these oddly assorted tasks before he was
assassinated by a stranger. His novel had no sense to it and nobody ever found his
labyrinth. </p>
<p>Differing from
Newton and Schopenhauer, your ancestor did not think of time as absolute and
uniform. He believed in an infinite series of times, in a dizzily growing, ever spreading
network of diverging, converging and parallel times. This web of time - the strands of
which approach one another, bifurcate, intersect or ignore each other through the
centuries - embraces every possibility. We do not exist in most of them. In some
you exist and not I, while in others I do, and you do not, and in yet others both of us
exist. </p>
<footer class="noPrint">
Read full text <a class="external" href="https://archive.org/stream/TheGardenOfForkingPathsJorgeLuisBorges1941/The-Garden-of-Forking-Paths-Jorge-Luis-Borges-1941_djvu.txt">here</a>.
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<h1>Borges Bookstore</h1>
<p style="margin-top:60px;">The <a href="borges.html">Borges</a> bookstore is a node amongst a network of cultural institutions centered in Guanghzhou. The network is ran by Chen Tong, a local artist, along his team.</p>
<p>The bookstore is located on ground level of a building on Changxing Street, formerly populated with tailor shops which made custom suits and western clothing during years of Republic of China. These days it's a quiet back street, extended from the ever-busy, tourist flooded main road.</p>
<p>On the upper levels nested few other nodes within the same network. Video Bureau, a video art archive; and a working studio that gives drawing courses, ran by Chen Tong's former students.</p>
<p>In the case of closure of <a href="bertelsmann.html">Bertelsmann</a>, the shrinking of <a href="nanhai_book_center.html">Nanhai Book Center</a>, we witness operation strategies in publishing industry, and how outdated strategy suffered from economic effects brought by <a href="online_distributors.html">information platform</a>. How independently ran bookstore such as Borges Bookstore retained its vivial form and impact to cultural dynamics to Guangzhou, and its radiation area is truly unique.</p>
<p>From the late 90s to early 2000s, bookstore business was highly profitable. My <a href="my_aunts_print_shop.html">aunt</a> had made her first bucket of gold, running a small business printing pirate copies of books.</p>
<p>Between 2008 and 2013, a wave of independent bookstores' closure hit across the country. However in 2014, there has been a recovery, due to subsidiary policies issued by provincial goverments. In Guangdong province, several non-state owned bookstores were awarded annual subdiary stipends of 1,000,000 RMB. Several other provincial governments had followed, allocating fiscal budgets accordingly. These are gestures of the government to acknowledge indepedently run insitutions of their cultural contribution to the society.</p>
<p>Chen Tong and his team interprets operation strategy differently than other independent bookstores. It is very common to see bookstores generate revenue from providing coffee and drinks to readers today. For Chen Tong, sales of drinks equates reading to leisure. Borges bookstore does not participate in this kind of business model. </p>
<p>Since 2016, the Borges Bookstore team has been recording live literature podcasts to <a class="external" href="http://www.lizhi.fm">Lizhi.fm</a> on regular days of the month. The bookstore also maintains a Wechat account, with which to post content, and interact with readers online. Gradually, bookstores are adopting informatics tools that hit the industry in early 2000s.</p>
<p>Another node within the network is a gallery, Bonacon Gallery, opened in 2016. It's normative for the bookstore not to generate revenue, however the gallery must make profits. Aside from Chen Tong's intention to promote local artists and ecosystem to more international industry standards, the gallery is to support the rest of the network, which are not for profit - the Video Bureau, and the Borges Bookstore.</p>
<p>During his speech to receive "Best Small Independent Bookprize", Chen Tong remarked that, their experiences are not worthy to promote, because from a free market point of view, it's running against free market laws. For him, in order to maintaincultural activities, revenues from bookstore business is far less than enough; unless that the bookstore promote trash, meaningless publications, that are enough to disintegrate one's faith.</p>
<footer>
<p>References and photos are extrated from "The Spiritual Lighthouse: Cultural Ecosystem of Guangzhou's Borges Bookstore", authored by Liang, Xuyan; published at <a class="external" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/42738607">Zhihu.com</a>
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src="img/borges_bookstore/borges_bookstore.jpg" alt="borges bookstore storefront">
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<p>The Borges Bookstore storefront</p>
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<section id="network">
<h1>Decentralized Annotation Tool</h1>
<p>My colleague Bo had developed a decentralized <a class="colleague" href="http://sweetandsour.chickenkiller.com">annotation tool</a>. Via XMPP chatrooms, users are able to comment to a main body of text.<p>
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<title>Butterfly Specimen</title>
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<li class="crumb"><a href="pnin.html">Nabokov's Pnin</a></li>
<li class="crumb">Nabokov's Butterfly</li>
</ol>
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<h1>Butterfly Specimen</h1>
<p style="margin-top:60px;">Additional testimony to these laws of economical use to space and time, I remember once that the library has rented its space to a butterfly specimen exhibition. taking place in the main exhibition hall of the library. A lady living upstairs gave me an extra ticket from her young son. The guard wouldn't let me in, gesturing that, the ticket was for even younger children in kindergarten. I did not make it to the exhibition and saw facilities carrying boxes of butterfly specimen, they were dismantling the exhibition. </p>
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<p>The then butterfly specimen exhibition was across this hall</p>
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<title>The Four Classics</title>
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<h1>The Four Classics</h1>
<p style="margin-top:60px;">The four classics in Chinese are, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West, Water Margin and Dream of the Red Chamber.</p>
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<section class="noPrint" id="network">
<p>See what's up in other rings<img class="exlaimation"src="img/exlaimation.png"></p>
<a href="parvenu_mansion.html">Parvenu Mansion</a></p>
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<li class="crumb"><a href="nanhai_book_center">Nanhai Book Center</a></li>
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<h1>Classmates</h1>
<p style="margin-top:60px;">Most classmates from primary school lived in Haitang Compound, 1.8 kilometers to the Nanhai Library.
<p>The few one I knew, their parents worked in the post office, and Nanhai Car Factory. It could be possible that the Haitang Compound is developed and provisioned for employees working for a list of institutions and enterprises. Two of them were neighbors right next to each other, their fathers both worked for Nanhai Car Factory.</p>
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<section id="network"><h1>Unpacking Abstraction: Taking the Line for a Walk</h1>
<p>In <a class="colleague" href="http://b-e-e-t.r-o-o-t.net/pages/wijnhaven_to_foshan.html">Wijnhaven to Foshan</a>, Simon recounted his experience walking from Piet Zwart building to my home, where I self hosted my server. In his account, walking as recorded by GPS contained layers of abstraction of embodied experience - movement, altitude, speed, and time.</p>
<p>I had not walked to my former classmates' compounds, despite that they lived only 1.8 kilometes away. This 1.8 kilometer is not measured by geometry alone, but loaded with weighted boundries of social belonging, which were already quite perceptible, although the idea was not eloquently conceptualized amongst young children.</p>
<p>To live in whichever district represented distinctive social belongings. I think of the <a href="dormitory_building.html">row building</a>, which happened a generation before me, prior to market liberalisation. It aimed to provide equal chances across the network. It was a form of decentralization to distribute resources and reach a equilibrium state. However, I still had doubt how much of that was true in social reality, because even under provisioned regime, workers in higher position had priority for resources. Equilibrium is an abstraction that needs to be unpacked in social practice.</p>
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<title>Claude Simon</title>
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<h1>Claude Simon</h1>
<p style="margin-top:60px;">Lastly I want to mention Claude Simon's Le Jardin des Plantes, and a comment I saw from <a class="external" href="douban.com">Douban</a>. "Read half of it and discarded the book, such a pain. This is not only a novel but a visual work. It's a book not for reading but for looking." Out of curiosity I bought a used copy from <a class="external"href="kongfuzi.com">Kongfuzi</a>, a website specializing in second hand books, since there were not any more new editions.</p>
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<p>Le Jardin des Plantes housed hundreds of kinds of minerals, plants, and animals. People walking on its path observes different view each day. The autobiographical fiction tried to fuse daily lived experiences across the world in this century.</p>
<p>This description reminds me of Walter Benjamin's Arcade Project, which was few decades prior to Le Jardin des Plantes. Benjamin desbribed a kind of people, the "flâneur", who were both participants and observers of society. The arcade was referring to the shopping arcade in the 19th century, an architectural establishement made possible by steel and glass. </p>
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<h1>Colophon</h1>
<p>Libraries amongst others: A network publication</p>
<p>a part of the publication</p>
<p>The Network We de(Served)<br>
XPUB Special Issue #08</p>
<p>first presented at<br>
Varia, Center for Everyday Technology<br>
Rotterdam, April 2019</p>
<p>Network and nodes attributed to the publication are<br>
<p>Simon Browne, Tancredi Di Giovanni, Paloma García, Rita Graça, Artemis Gryllaki, Pedro Sá Couto, Biyi Wen, Bohye Woo, Roel Roscam Abbing, Manetta Berends, Lídia Pereira, André Castro, Aymeric Mansoux, Michael Murtaugh, Steve Rushton, Leslie Robbins</p>
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<title>Commodity Apartment</title>
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<li class="crumb"><a href="nanhai_book_center.html">Nanhai Book Center</a></li>
<li class="crumb">Commodity Apartment</a></li>
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<h1>Commodity Apartment</h1>
<p style="margin-top:60px;">In 1994, the State Council issued a transition policy on real estate. Employees were able to purchase state owned housing at regulated price. It is a transiton policy from state provisioned housing to commodified housing market.</p>
<p>In 1999, my parents bought an apartment from the school they worked at for 28,000 RMB.
The next year they relocated to another school, they tried to rent it out and it was problematic. Within the enclosed area were school students, teachers, staff and their families. The tenant complained that he couldn't park his truck into the compound after 10 in the night.</p>
<p>In 2001 my parents sold the apartment at market price, around 130,000 RMB, and used it as down payment for the market apartment they bought.</p>
<p>Their experience finding the later apartment and eventually buying it in was quite personal.
One evening, they left a note without specifying why they'd left, I went to the school's post room to call their mobile phone. They said that they've gone to Guangzhou, the provincial capital an hour away. </p>
<p> During the time I spent in the post room, I saw lots of letters scattered on the desk, many of which are sent from <a href="bertelsmann.html">Der Club Bertelsmann </a> to subscribing readers. Seventeen year old readers in year 2000 is thirty seven or eight now. My parents confiscate <a href="romantic_novels.html">romantic novels </a> their students were reading during class and brought few of them home. I am at complete disinterest to those books, nor do I have any appetite for those book covers. </p>
<p>Almost until ten they came back, with two bags full of junk, as a gift from the seller. A bag and a half is full of clothes the family was discarding; What were interesting was a can of imported <a href="salted_almonds.html">American salted almonds</a>, and an English wool jacket the owner's daughter had outgrown.
<p>Soon after their visit to the seller's family, they bought the apartment with mortgage. They were in their mid 30s, it was the time to place this life decision. In fact, my parents' housing timeline collapsed with many changes with national housing policies.</p>
<p>Unlike peaceful moments roaming around in the public housing compound, life after we move in to the private house was a nose down. "We are carrying 200k debt" was a constant, pressuring remark. Later I learned why they made visit to the seller's house: the apartment was a form of bribe from local official to the seller, who was in higher position in provincial capital; she was involved in our city's urban planning, thus was able to present to my parents, how our apartment will situate on the central axis. In ten years time the vision was realized. From our balcony, we witnessed former farmlands developed to new, expensive compounds, that came along with larger economic inequality.</p>
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<h1>Fragments About Land</h1>
<p>In these pages the topic of land appeared.</p>
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<li><a href="dormitory_building.html">Dormitory Building</li>
<li><a href="parvenu_mansion.html">Parvenu Mansion</a></li>
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<li class="crumb">Deng Yaohua</li>
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<h1>Deng Yaohua a.k.a. IT Deng</h1>
<br>
<table>
<tr>
<td>1993-1996</td><td> Mayor of Nanhai City</td></p>
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<td>1996-2003 </td><td>Secretary of Municipal Party Committee</td>
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<p>While being in position as mayor of Nanhai, Deng Yaohua advocated progressively for technological reform. In 1996, Deng Yaohua established e-commerce infrastructures; due to Deng's high profile, large investments from IT industry flowed to Nanhai. Deng thus became known as "IT Deng".</p>
<p>source: <a class="external" href="http://finance.sina.com.cn/g/20041008/10441064627.shtml"> Sina News </a>
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<h1>Dormitory Building</h1>
<p style="margin-top:60px;">Housing provided by institution to employees. Before 1994, it was common for employees to be assigned housing units.</p>
<p>Between 1996 and 1999, within the compound my family moved several times from one unit to another. The units are labeled in series of A1 to A8. We lived A1, A3, and A7. In 1999 my parents bought one unit in A2 during the transition policy</p>
<p>The policy was issued in 1994 for period of 5 years. After 2000, employees were responsible to buy their own homes at market cost. Institutions start to limit supply of housing space, for example using housing spaces for other purposes. The school my parents worked at expanded enrollment, former employee housing spaces were adapted to student dormitories.</p>
<p>I asked my father to whom the apartment was later sold to, he said it was sold to a couple also working at the school, which made them my parents' former colleagues. We could interprete the timeline this way - after 2000, employee are no longer entitled for provisioned housing. The couple had spent a sum nearly 4 times as much as my parents did when the policy was still effective.</p>
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<h1>Khrushchev and the International Style</h1>
<p>If you come across compounds that were built sometime after the new republic, the building were often in formats of "row buildings". The row building embodies a different lineage than the row houses, its capitalistic counterpart. They are remanents that shows influences from former Soviet regime.</p>
<p>The layout of the row house is simple. Imagine a long rectangle, identical units line one by one, except that two ends are used for shared stairs and toilets. In the 60s, families reside in these housing units that occupied 15 squaremeters. Makeshift kitchens were set up outside the unit, in the shared, narrow corridor. This type of housing is also called Khrushchev building. While led the Soviet Union as first secretary of the party, he aimed to provide sufficient housing for the people. To achieve this goal in a short time and low budget, the designer seeked for modular design as a resort.</p>
<p>The ideology behind Khrushchev building was descendant of the International Style, which hoped that machinic extension such as concret and modularity will provide universal benefit.</p>
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<h1>Fragments About Land</h1>
<p>In these pages the topic of land appeared.</p>
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<li><a href="commodity_apartment.html">Commodity Apartment</li>
<li><a href="parvenu_mansion.html">Parvenu Mansion</a></li>
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<h1>Female Librarian</h1>
<p style="margin-top:60px;"> Weekends in the children's reading room was always quiet, the only events that took place were returning the books at the lady librarian's desk, stamping books before leaving to borrow home. Returning, borrowing, reading, spending a whole afternoon there. Only this one time I remembered a particular event. A boy wanted to bring his friend in, who didn't have a library card. The lady librarian won't let him, he raised his voice and asked "Why lady, are you administering in such inhumane way?" As I heard this at other side of the room my mind was in entire shock, one child hearing another mentioning the concept of being "inhumane in public administration". It was an astonishment, the lady librarian let his friend in eventually. </p>
<p>My grandmother was a librarian. I'd never thought of that. She studied biology and worked as a qualification examiner in the meat packing factory. "So you decide if the pig die or not", I summarized her job. She later contributed the fact that she had committed karma as a cause to her ongoing illness.</p>
<p>She's worked in the meat packing factory as her first job for decades, before working as a librarian in university library until retirement.</p>
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<img src="img/female_librarian/1.png">
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<h1>Accounts From My Father: How Grandmother Become a Librarian</h1>
<p>After the free market reform, the meat packing factory became an enterprise working unit; enterprise unit generates more revenues than public institution; at that time, the meat packing factory lacked advantages during planned economy (as opposed to market economy); everyone can buy meat freely. Besides that, we lived on the university compound, it was very far away for her to communte to the factory. On days of snow she tripped several times. So the only solution was transfer to the university library. After all public institution is a gurantee for stable pension after retirement. After grandma was transferred to the university library, her former colleagues were only entitled for a regular factory worker's basic salary during their retirement.</p>
<p>It was also planned that grandma can be transferred to the biology department and become a teacher there, but, during the audition, grandma was left-handed, so her lecture notes written on the board were from right to left, so it was settled that grandma wasn't fit for being a teacher. At the end she was transferred to work at the library.</p>
<p>But, every benefit comes with shortcoming, despite relative easy work at the library, she spent lot of time reading novels; it was a cause for her later cervical spondylosis. She read lots of biographies, books on history...Because after all, what can you do working in a library? What can you think of she could do, in the <a href="union_library.html">employee's library</a>?</p>
<p>An additional note, because the meat packing factory could provide employees with sufficient supply of meat, working there was an entitlement, a symbol of privileged class.</p>
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<h1>Flower City Press</h1>
<p style="margin-top:60px;">Flower City is Guangzhou. Flower City Press is a publishing house located in Guangzhou.</p>
<p> The children's reading room have housed lots of peaceful memories of childhood for me. I would usually go on a Saturday afternoon. Since Nanhai Library is right next to my parents' workplace, which was also our living compound, I would walk there on foot. There were many books that lasted an impression. Adapted versions of Detective Conan, detective novels authored originally in Chinese for children. One of the series featured ingenious cover design: when the spines are placed serial order, it forms an unknown man's face. It's to indicate putting traces in order. There was another series of books that made an impression, a series of children's dairies published by Flower City Press. A main contributing writer for the series is Zhang Meng Meng, similar age as me. I began reading her published diaries I was in grade three; and didn't follow onwards after the fourth one, for some reason, partly because the author had gone to middle school, and I couldn't empathize her later writings too well from the age gap. </p>
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<h1>Goosebumps</h1>
<p style="margin-top:60px;">Goosebumps is a series of horror movies for children written by R.L.Stine published since 1992. The series survived in large quantity - 233 books were published under the umbrella of Goosebumps.</p>
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<p>Cover of original version and translation version of <i>Goosebumps: Night of the Living Dummy</i>.</p>
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<h1>Serial, Networked Literature</h1>
<ul class="topic">
<li><a href="mengmeng.html">Meng Meng's diaries</a></li>
<li><a href="romantic_novels.html">Romantic Novels</a></li>
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