@ -256,8 +256,8 @@ emphasizing their tangible bodily experiences. The community’
authenticity thus had to lie in the physical experiences of its members—
the visible bodies and hearable voices, the weddings, births, and
funerals (1993).< sup > < span class = "margin-note" > You’
good. < br > < br > Is
my voice a sound? Could it be a feeling?< / span > < / sup > < / p >
good. Would you feel closer to me if you could hear my voice?< br > Is my
voice a sound? Could it be a feeling?< / span > < / sup > < / p >
< p > Even then, and even by people with no interest in undermining the
value of the virtual, the distinction between physical and virtual was
confusing. Rheingold himself reinforces the boundary of body relations
@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ alt="Accept My Cookies, biscuits and bows for the performance." /></p>
< section id = "section-5" class = "section" >
< h1 id = "performing-the-bureaucratic-borderlines" > Performing the
Bureaucratic Border(line)s< / h1 >
< h 3 id = "i-n-t-r-o-d-u-c-t-i-o-n" > i n t r o d u c t i o n< / h3 >
< h 2 id = "introduction" > introduction< / h2 >
< p > This thesis is an assemblage< sup > < span class = "margin-note" > I live
somewhere in the margins of scattered references, footnotes, citations,
examinations embracing the inconvenience of talking back to myself, to
@ -983,24 +983,22 @@ transparency, universality, and underlying violence.</p>
< p > In the third and last chapter, I bridge the written text with the
ongoing project that runs simultaneously as part of my graduation work
in Experimental Publishing, where I mainly speak through my prototypes.
Talking documents are performative bureaucratic text inspections, vocal
and non-vocal, that intend to create temporal public interventions
Talking documents(5) are performative bureaucratic text inspections,
vocal and non-vocal, that intend to create temporal public interventions
through performative readings. The intention is to underline how the
vocalization of bureaucracies as a tool can potentially reveal their
territorial exclusive function and provide space for the invisible
vulnerability.< / p >
< hr / >
< p > “on the other side is the river and I cannot cross it on the other
side is the sea I cannot bridge it” (Parra, cited by Anzaldua, 1987,
p.139)< / p >
< h3 id = "b-o-r-d-e-r-s" > b o r d e r s< / h3 >
side is the sea I cannot bridge it” (Anzaldua, 1987)< / p >
< h2 id = "borders" > borders< / h2 >
< p > How a border is defined? How, as an entity, does it define? How is it
performed? I used to think of borders in a material concrete way, coming
from a country of the European South that constitutes a rigid, violent
border that repulses and kills thousands of migrants and refugees. In
the following chapter, I will attempt to explore the terrain of material
borders in relation to bureaucracy as another multi-layered filter.< / p >
< p > ![Front-facing camera at self-counter in LIDL]< / p >
< p > What constitutes a border? Is it a wall, a line, a fence, a machine,
a door, an armed body or a wound on the land? When somebody crosses a
border are they consciously aware of the act of crossing? I am crossing
@ -1029,8 +1027,7 @@ bordering device that demonstrates in a way itself. Crossing and borders
are inherently defined in relation to each other. “Where there is a
border, there is also a border crossing, legal as well as illegal”
(Khosravi, 2010).< / p >
< h4 id = "c-o-n-d-i-t-i-o-n-a-l-h-o-s-p-i-t-a-l-i-t-y" > c o n d i t i o n a
l h o s p i t a l i t y< / h4 >
< h3 id = "conditional-hospitality" > conditional hospitality< / h3 >
< p > I started thinking about hospitality as a cultural behavior and as an
inseparable term in the context of borders due to a recent personal
bureaucratic experience. Hospitality can be instrumentalized to describe
@ -1054,13 +1051,21 @@ permission for a short-term postal address while declaring the addresses
of my current hosts [4/02/2024]. I gathered the required documents, I
processed a 9-page-text and another one with the personal data of my
hosts and myself and answered questions about:< / p >
< p > why don’
relationship with them, where do I sleep, where do I store my
belongings, how many people are hosting me and accordingly their
personal data, for how long, why I cannot register there, what days of
the week do I stay in the one house and what days do I stay in the other
house, whether and how am I searching for a permanent place and what is
the tangible proof of my search?< / p >
< blockquote >
< p > why don’ < br / >
who are the people who host me,< br / >
what is my relationship with them,< br / >
where do I sleep,< br / >
where do I store my belongings,< br / >
how many people are hosting me and accordingly their personal
data,< br / >
for how long,< br / >
why I cannot register there,< br / >
what days of the week do I stay in the one house and< br / >
what days do I stay in the other house,< br / >
whether and how am I searching for a permanent place and< br / >
what is the tangible proof of my search?< / p >
< / blockquote >
< p > All these questions provoked thinking around the concept of
conditional hospitality as a behavior of the state towards strangers. I
can see that on a smaller scale it is being applied to the hospitality I
@ -1073,10 +1078,12 @@ seems that forms of knowledge are inseparably related to forms of power.
It will take 8 weeks for my request to be processed and for the
government to approve or reject if I deserve my friends’
hospitality.< / p >
< blockquote >
< p > “Today as yesterday, her land and her time are stolen, only because
she is told that she has arrived too late. Much too late” (Khosravi,
2021)< / p >
< h4 id = "w-a-i-t-i-n-g" > w a i t i n g< / h4 >
she is told that she has arrived too late. Much too late”< br / >
(Khosravi, 2021)< / p >
< / blockquote >
< h3 id = "waiting" > waiting< / h3 >
< p > Waiting can be considered as a dramaturgical means embedded in
bureaucratic procedures that camouflage power relations through the
manipulation of people’
@ -1140,38 +1147,15 @@ a v e r i g h t s ”</h4>
< p > (Arendt, as cited by Khosravi, 2010, p.121) What about the crossers
who managed to travel and reach the desirable “there”, the ones who
transcended the borders and the control checks of the ministries of
defense< sup > < span class = "margin-note" > One of the tactics for regulating
or preventing the so-called unproductive hospitality is border control
checks. According to the website of the Ministry of Defense of the
Netherlands, “the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (RNLM) combats
cross-border crime and makes an important contribution to national
security. Checks are still performed at the external borders of the
Schengen area. In the Netherlands, this means guarding the European
external border at airports and seaports, and along the coast. By
participating in Frontex, the European border control agency, the RNLM
makes an important contribution to the control of Europe’
borders in other EU member states. There is one single EU external
border.” (Border Controls, 2017)< / span > < / sup > , the ones who enter but do
not own papers, the paperless? What does it mean to be documented and
what is inefficiently documented within a territory? They are threatened
if they get caught by authorities and also according to the official
narrative, they threaten. Since the physical mechanisms of bordering did
not succeed in repulsing them, the bureaucratic border appears as an
additional layer of filtration. The undocumented are non-citizens, they
might be crossers or burners< sup > < span class = "margin-note" > I would like
to refer to the practice of Harragas introduced by my friend Rabab as a
counter-act of dealing or breaking or burning the multilayered borders.
The burners or Harragas is a term alluding to the migrants’
burning their identity papers and personal documents in order to prevent
identification by authorities in Europe. Crucially this moving out is in
defiance of the bureaucratic rules and their elaborate visa systems.
Those who engage in harraga, ‘ ’
territories. “They do not, however, burn the bridges to the people and
places they depart from. To these, they keep all kinds of links. For, as
they burn borders, they don’
Harraga is about expanding living space” (M’ < / span > < / sup > ,
both, or even none. “Undocumented migrants and unauthorized border
crossers are polluted and polluting because of their very
defense(7), the ones who enter but do not own papers, the paperless?
What does it mean to be documented and what is inefficiently documented
within a territory? They are threatened if they get caught by
authorities and also according to the official narrative, they threaten.
Since the physical mechanisms of bordering did not succeed in repulsing
them, the bureaucratic border appears as an additional layer of
filtration. The undocumented are non-citizens, they might be crossers or
burners(8), both, or even none. “Undocumented migrants and unauthorized
border crossers are polluted and polluting because of their very
unclassifiability” (Borelli, Poy, Rué, 2023). The loss of citizenship,
denaturalisation, makes somebody denaturalised, they are rendered
unnatural. “Citizenship has become the nature of being human” (Koshravi,
@ -1203,9 +1187,8 @@ I will not stop talking about democracy. Democracy is the rule of law
where everybody feels included. Democracy is a rule of law where
everybody feels * We, undocumented people, we don’
belonging from the system.”< / p >
< hr / >
< h3 id = "b-u-r-e-a-u-c-r-a-c-y-a-s-i-m-m-a-t-e-r-i-a-l-b-o-r-d-e-r" > b u r
e a u c r a c y a s i m m a t e r i a l b o r d e r< / h3 >
< h2 id = "bureaucracy-as-immaterial-border" > bureaucracy as immaterial
border< / h2 >
< p > Apart from the rigid visible borders, bureaucracy related to
migrants, refugees and asylum seekers can also constitute an in-between
less visible borderland. I used to perceive bureaucracy as an immaterial
@ -1248,10 +1231,8 @@ protection and who does not. They operate as systems that classify
non-citizens and place them in a social hierarchy of disproportionate
unequal obligations, lack of rights and access to institutional
support.< / p >
< h4
id="h-i-g-h-e-r-e-d-u-c-a-t-i-o-n-s-e-x-p-a-n-d-i-n-g-b-u-r-e-a-u-c-r-a-c-y">h
i g h e r e d u c a t i o n ’
y< / h4 >
< h3 id = "higher-educations-expanding-bureaucracy" > higher education’
expanding bureaucracy< / h3 >
< p > While I had this inherent concern about borders and bureaucratic
structures in relation to migration, I decided to start zooming in and
explore my own bureaucratic surroundings through my personal lens. As a
@ -1272,14 +1253,17 @@ institutions lies in the level of unawareness regarding surveillance via
multiple bureaucratic rituals that (re)produce docile behaviors. How
these mechanisms are masked and standing in the margins of the visible
nonvisible sphere.< / p >
< blockquote >
< p > “This is what makes it possible, for example, for graduate students
to be able to spend days in the stacks of university libraries poring
over Foucault-inspired theoretical tracts about the declining importance
of coercion as a factor in modern life without ever reflecting on that
fact that, had they insisted their right to enter the stacks without
showing a properly stamped and validated ID, armed men would have been
summoned to physically remove them, using whatever force might be
required.”, (Graeber, 2015)< / p >
to be able to spend days in the > stacks of university libraries
poring over Foucault-inspired theoretical tracts about the declining
> importance of coercion as a factor in modern life without ever
reflecting on that fact that, had > > they insisted their right to
enter the stacks without showing a properly stamped and validated ID,
> armed men would have been summoned to physically remove them, using
whatever force might be required.”< br / >
(Graeber, 2015)< / p >
< / blockquote >
< p > The genuine essence of education is not bureaucratic at all, neither
does it have to fit and ground its foundations under a bureaucratic
roof. “The pedagogical process runs counter to the hierarchical,
@ -1291,9 +1275,12 @@ other.“Students and staff are treated as human capital” (Cunningham,
2017). This determination can dehumanize people involved, like when
“faculty-as-labor” and “students-as-consumers” are marginalized and
treated as just variables.< / p >
< blockquote >
< p > “there is no document of civilisation which is not at the same time a
document of barbarism” -Walter Benjamin- (Pater, 2021)< / p >
< h4 id = "t-h-e-d-o-c-u-m-e-n-t" > t h e d o c u m e n t< / h4 >
document of barbarism”,< br / >
Walter Benjamin< / p >
< / blockquote >
< h3 id = "the-document" > the document< / h3 >
< p > From fences and armed police to nation-state mechanism of
less-material bordering to bureaucracy to the elements of bureaucracy to
the document itself as the minimum unit of an apparatus. Understanding
@ -1306,8 +1293,8 @@ bureaucratic apparatus is something more than a metaphor it is also a
symbol. It is hard to see that there are many more layers beneath the
purpose it propagates. A metaphor that is so perfectly materialized as
well as naturalized that you cannot even see it.< / p >
< h4 id = "b - u- r- e- a- u- c- r- a- c- y-a- s-t- e- x- t- u- a- l-i- n- s- t- i- t- u- t- i- o- n"> b
u r e a u c r a c y a s t e x t u a l i n s t i t u t i o n< / h4 >
< h4 id = "b ureaucracy-as-textual-institution"> bureaucracy as textual
institution< / h4 >
< p > The bureaucratic apparatus can be considered as something more than
an infrastructure that organizes institutions, markets, states, etc. It
can constitute itself an institution, a textual institution. As the
@ -1322,8 +1309,7 @@ element of bureaucracy. Language can become a shroud to conceal the
violence and reinforce hierarchical structures and simultaneously can be
transformed into the rigid rational cell itself. They shape their own
narratives, they reflect the institutional narratives.< / p >
< h4 id = "t-h-e-m-y-t-h-o-f-u-n-i-v-e-r-s-a-l-i-t-y" > t h e m y t h o f u n
i v e r s a l i t y< / h4 >
< h4 id = "the-myth-of-universality" > the myth of universality< / h4 >
< p > One of the great powers of bureaucracies is their ability to render
themselves transparent. It seems that bureaucracy does not have to say
anything more beyond itself, is self-referential and self-contained. It
@ -1357,8 +1343,8 @@ define them under specific perspectives. Why do they ask for this
information instead of others? “Why place of birth and not, say, place
where you went to grade school? What’
signature?” (Graeber, 2015)< / p >
< h4 id = "m - a- t- e- r- i- a- l- i- t- y--- u- n- d- e- r- l- y- i- n- g-v- i- o- l- e- n- c- e"> m a
t e r i a l i t y - u n d e r l y i n g v i o l e n c e< / h4 >
< h4 id = "m ateriality-underlying-violence"> materiality-underlying
violence< / h4 >
< p > There is a great materiality in bureaucracies. Bureaucratic
procedures are often compared to a labyrinth which appears as a
similarly complex structure constituted by simple geometrical shapes
@ -1374,10 +1360,12 @@ administrative objects that the design aspect of these artifacts appears
to be invisible? The material decisions applied as well as the material
constraints attributed to the document can transform or produce
different textual meanings and consequently understandings.< / p >
< blockquote >
< p > “This does not mean that constraints limit meaning, but on the
contrary, constitute it; meaning cannot appear where freedom is absolute
or nonexistent: the stem of meaning is that of a supervised freedom”,
(Roland Barthes, 1983)< / p >
< / blockquote >
< p > When I encountered the green logo of the municipality of Rotterdam I
did not cultivate any feelings of enthusiasm or even boredom. A big
calligraphic “R” with the flawless green ribbons that penetrate it on
@ -1395,14 +1383,17 @@ biscuit. She used the same color blue scheme and she placed the biscuit
form inside the same standardized dimension folder 229x162 mm with the
same transparent layer that reveals my name and surname. According to
literary critic and theorist Katherine Hayles:< / p >
< blockquote >
< p > “to alter the physical form of the artifacts is to change the act of
reading and understanding but mostly you transform the metaphoric and
symbolic network that structures the relation of world to world. To
change the material artifacts is to transform the context and
circumstances for interacting with the words, which inevitably change
the meaning of the word itself. This transformation of meaning is
the meaning of the word itself. This transformation of >
especially possible when the words interact with the inscription
technologies that produce them” (Hayles, 2002).< / p >
technologies that produce them”,< br / >
(Hayles, 2002)< / p >
< / blockquote >
< p > In the latter case, the inscription technology used is the sugar blue
paste and the handwriting of Chae. The text in the white-blue government
document forces a different reading from the white-blue biscuit
@ -1426,8 +1417,8 @@ alt="The birthday biscuit that Chae made, re-creating the Dutch government form"
< figcaption aria-hidden = "true" > The birthday biscuit that Chae made,
re-creating the Dutch government form< / figcaption >
< / figure >
< h 3 id = "v-o-c-a-l-a-r-c-h-i-v-e-s-t-a-l-k-i-n-g-d-o-c-u-m-e-n-t-s" > v o c
a l a r c h i v e s – < / h3 >
< h 2 id = "vocal-archives-talking-documents" > vocal archives-talking
documents< / h2 >
< p > This chapter is mainly a constellation of some prototypes I created
while writing and coping with personal bureaucratic challenges. I
provided some further space for my anxiety by unpacking and exploring
@ -1493,7 +1484,7 @@ experiments - closely related to language as well as the performative
“nature” of these texts themselves. I was intrigued by how transforming
the material conditions of a piece of text could influence the potential
understandings and perceptions of its meaning.< / p >
< h 4 id = "p-r-o-t-o-t-y-p-e-s" > p r o t o t y p e s< / h4 >
< h 2 id = "prototypes" > prototypes< / h2 >
< h4 id = "section" > 1.< / h4 >
< p > Title: “Quality Assurance Questionnaire Censoring” When: October 2023
Where: XPUB studio wall Who: myself< / p >
@ -1591,13 +1582,16 @@ phone. The recording was transcribed by vosk<sup><span
class="margin-note">Vosk is an offline open-source speech recognition
toolkit.< / span > < / sup > and myself and a small booklet of our passport
readings was created.< / p >
< blockquote >
< p > “So the object here is like not by random it comes from the history
of nation-states and how nation-states and nationalities created like a
form of identity. So nation-state is actually a recent invention that
came into existence over the last two hundred fifty years in the form as
we know it nowadays, in the form of democratic capitalism, before like
monarchies and so on and each citizen of such a nation-state got also
kind of a particular identity”, Joseph says about his ID card.< / p >
kind of a particular identity”,< br / >
Joseph says about his ID card.< / p >
< / blockquote >
< p > We read the embedded signs, symbols, categories, texts, magical
numbers in our passports that construct our profiles. Seeing someone’
passport, ID cards, visas, travel documents might mean that you are able
@ -1653,10 +1647,10 @@ elements of these processes.</p>
< p > < a href = "../aglaia/postal.png" > A6 booklet of the first chapter of the
“theatrical” scenario created out of the Postal Address Application
documents and performed by XPUB peers< / a > < / p >
< h 3 id = "c-o-n-c-l-u-s-i-o-n" > c o n c l u s i o n< / h3 >
< h 4
< h 2 id = "conclusion" > conclusion< / h2 >
< h 3
id="next-chapters-of-the-case-with-reference-number-a.b.2024.4.03188">next
chapters of the case with reference number A.B.2024.4.03188< / h 4 >
chapters of the case with reference number A.B.2024.4.03188< / h 3 >
< p > I expanded the “play” by incorporating additional “scenes” sourced
again from the documents accompanying the ongoing “conversation with the
government”. Two weeks after submitting my application for a short-term
@ -1695,11 +1689,8 @@ people to share, vocalize, talk through, read out loud, amplify,
(un)name, unplace, dismantle the injurious words of these artifacts.< / p >
< p > < a href = "../aglaia/objection1.png" > < / a > < a
href="../aglaia/objection2.png">< / a > < / p >
< h4
id="we-didnt-cross-the-border-the-border-crossed-usus-immigrant-rights-movement-slogan-keshavarz-2016.">“we
didn’ < sup > < span
class="margin-note">US Immigrant Rights Movement Slogan (Keshavarz,
2016).< / span > < / sup > < / h4 >
< h4 id = "we-didnt-cross-the-border-the-border-crossed-us20" > “we didn’
cross the border, the border crossed us”(20)< / h4 >
< p > As I sit in the waiting area at the gate B7 in the airport preparing
to come back to the Netherlands, I am writing the last lines of this
text. I am thinking of all these borders and gates that my body was able
@ -1710,48 +1701,58 @@ multifaceted borders and get crossed and entrenched by them, but on the
contrary we start interrogating and shouting at the contexts and the
frameworks that construct them and render them invisible, natural and
powerful.< / p >
< h 3 id = "r-e-f-e-r-e-n-c-e-s" > r e f e r e n c e s< / h3 >
< h 2 id = "references" > references< / h2 >
< p > Agamben, G. (2000) Means without end: Notes on politics. Minneapolis,
MN: University of Minnesota Press. Anzaldua, G. (1987) Borderlands - la
Frontera: The new mestiza. 2nd ed.
MN: University of Minnesota Press.< br / >
Anzaldua, G. (1987) Borderlands - la Frontera: The new mestiza. 2nd
ed. < br / >
Austin, J. L. (1975) “lECTURE VII”, in How to do things with words.
Oxford University Press, pp.83-93. Barthes, R. (1983) Fashion system.
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https://english.defensie.nl/topics/border-controls Borelli, C., Poy, A.,
and Rué, A. (2023). “Governing Asylum without ‘ ’
Bureaucracy, Outsourcing, and the Unreachability of the State.”
< em > Social Sciences< / em > , 12(3), 169. [DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12030169] Butler, J. (1997) Excitable
speech: A politics of the performative. London, England: Routledge.
Oxford University Press, pp.83-93.< br / >
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Borelli, C., Poy, A., and Rué, A. (2023). “Governing Asylum without
‘ ’
the State.” < em > Social Sciences< / em > , 12(3), 169. [DOI:
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Butler, J. (1997) Excitable speech: A politics of the performative.
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Cretton, V., Geoffrion, K. (2021). “Bureaucratic Routes to Migration:
Migrants’
Intermediaries”, University of Victoria Cunningham, J. (2017),
“Rhetorical Tension in Bureaucratic University”, University of
Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Graeber, D. (2015) The utopia of rules: On
technology, stupidity, and the secret joys of bureaucracy. Brooklyn, NY:
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England: MIT Press. Introduction days (2021) Rotterdam University of
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Cunningham, J. (2017), “Rhetorical Tension in Bureaucratic University”,
University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA< br / >
Graeber, D. (2015) The utopia of rules: On technology, stupidity, and
the secret joys of bureaucracy. Brooklyn, NY: Melville House
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Hayles, N. K. (2002) Writing Machines. London, England: MIT Press.< br / >
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Inquiry into Passports, Camps and Borders. Malmö University, Faculty of
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borders, navigating colonialism,” The sociological review, 68(2),
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(Accessed: April 8, 2024).< br / >
Keshavarz, M. (2016) Design-Politics: An Inquiry into Passports, Camps
and Borders. Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society.< br / >
Khosravi, S. (2010) “illegal” traveller: An auto-ethnography of borders.
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Khosravi, S. (ed.) (2021) Waiting - A Project in Conversation.
transcript Verlag.< br / >
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Democracy: Art as an Agonistic Internvention’
Issue, No.14 (2008), p.4 Pater, R. (2021) Caps lock: How capitalism took
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mobility, autonomy and solidarity in the wake of Europe’
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(Accessed: April 7, 2024).< br / >
McKittrick, K. (2021) Dear science and other stories. Durham, NC: Duke
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Internvention’ < br / >
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solidarity in the wake of Europe’ &
Littlefield Publishers.< / p >
< / section >
@ -3772,6 +3773,7 @@ alt="Keyboard of things designers have said. Our feelings about work." />
< figcaption aria-hidden = "true" > Keyboard of things designers have said.
Our feelings about work.< / figcaption >
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*What do graphic designers do all day and why do they do it and what does "graphic design" even mean?!????!!1!?* is an assessment of what the term "graphic design" means to its practitioners today. Through experimental ethnographic research methods and the development of reflexive tools, the project highlights and questions the boundaries that exist around this apparent category. The research focuses on my own practices as well as other people and groups that identify with "graphic designer" as a label. The research was both conducted by and shared with interested parties in the form of the tools themselves, as well as a series of performances. There is no strict distinction between the research and its publication. The tools were released in an iterative cycle throughout the process of the project, and the research is conducted through the performative use and development of these tools.
