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151 lines
4.7 KiB
JSON
151 lines
4.7 KiB
JSON
{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, became a marine reserve in 2000."
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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"Location": {
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"text": "Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island"
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},
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"Geographic coordinates": {
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"text": "12 14 S, 123 05 E"
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},
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"Map references": {
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"text": "Southeast Asia"
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},
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"Area": {
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"total": {
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"text": "5 sq km"
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},
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"land": {
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"text": "5 sq km"
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},
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"water": {
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"text": "0 sq km"
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},
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"note": {
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"text": "includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island"
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}
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},
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"Area - comparative": {
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"text": "about eight times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC"
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},
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"Land boundaries": {
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"text": "0 km"
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},
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"Coastline": {
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"text": "74.1 km"
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},
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"Maritime claims": {
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"territorial sea": {
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"text": "12 nm"
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},
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"contiguous zone": {
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"text": "12 nm"
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},
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"exclusive fishing zone": {
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"text": "200 nm"
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},
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"continental shelf": {
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"text": "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation"
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}
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},
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"Climate": {
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"text": "tropical"
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},
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "low with sand and coral"
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},
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"Elevation": {
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"mean elevation": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"elevation extremes": {
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"text": "lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m ++ highest point: unnamed location 3 m"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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"text": "fish"
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},
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"Land use": {
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"agricultural land": {
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"text": "0%"
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},
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"forest": {
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"text": "0%"
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},
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"other": {
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"text": "100% (all grass and sand) (2011 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards"
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},
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"Environment - current issues": {
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"text": "illegal killing of protected wildlife by traditional Indonesian fisherman, as well as fishing by non-traditional Indonesian vessels, are ongoing problems"
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},
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"Geography - note": {
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"text": "Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983; Cartier Island Marine Reserve established in 2000"
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "no indigenous inhabitants",
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"note": {
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"text": "Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island; access to East and Middle Islands is by permit only"
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}
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}
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},
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"Government": {
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"Country name": {
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"conventional long form": {
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"text": "Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands"
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},
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"conventional short form": {
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"text": "Ashmore and Cartier Islands"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "named after British Captain Samuel ASHMORE, who first sighted his namesake island in 1811, and after the ship Cartier, from which the second island was discovered in 1800"
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}
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},
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"Dependency status": {
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"text": "territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts and Sport"
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"text": "see Australia"
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},
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"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
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"text": "none (territory of Australia)"
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},
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"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
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"text": "none (territory of Australia)"
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},
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"Flag description": {
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"text": "the flag of Australia is used"
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}
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},
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"Economy": {
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"Economy - overview": {
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"text": "no economic activity"
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}
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},
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"Transportation": {
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"Ports and terminals": {
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"text": "none; offshore anchorage only"
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}
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},
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"Military and Security": {
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"Military - note": {
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"text": "defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force"
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}
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},
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"Transnational Issues": {
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"Disputes - international": {
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"text": "Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef"
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}
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}
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} |