{ "Introduction": { "Background": { "text": "By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers - Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The southernmost and smallest of these is the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Western Sovereign Base Area." } }, "Geography": { "Location": { "text": "Eastern Mediterranean, peninsula on the southwest coast of Cyprus" }, "Geographic coordinates": { "text": "34 37 N, 32 58 E" }, "Map references": { "text": "Middle East" }, "Area": { "total": { "text": "123 sq km" }, "note": { "text": "includes a salt lake and wetlands" } }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC" }, "Land boundaries": { "total": { "text": "48 km" }, "border countries": { "text": "Cyprus 48 km" } }, "Coastline": { "text": "56.3 km" }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters" }, "Environment - current issues": { "text": "hunting around the salt lake; note - breeding place for loggerhead and green turtles; only remaining colony of griffon vultures is on the base" }, "Geography - note": { "text": "British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus; of the Sovereign Base Area (SBA) land, 60% is privately owned and farmed, 20% is owned by the Ministry of Defense, and 20% is SBA Crown land" } }, "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "approximately 15,700 on the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia including 7,700 Cypriots, 3,600 Service and UK-based contract personnel, and 4,400 dependents" }, "Languages": { "text": "English, Greek" } }, "Government": { "Country name": { "conventional long form": { "text": "none" }, "conventional short form": { "text": "Akrotiri" }, "etymology": { "text": "named for the village that lies within the Western Sovereign Base Area on Cyprus" } }, "Dependency status": { "text": "a special form of UK overseas territory; administered by an administrator who is also the Commander, British Forces Cyprus" }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia)" }, "geographic coordinates": { "text": "34 40 N, 32 51 E" }, "time difference": { "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" } }, "Constitution": { "text": "presented 3 August 1960, effective 16 August 1960 (The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960 serves as a basic legal document); amended 1966 (2016)" }, "Legal system": { "text": "laws applicable to the Cypriot population are, as far as possible, the same as the laws of the Republic of Cyprus; note - the Sovereign Base Area Administration has its own court system to deal with civil and criminal matters" }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Administrator Air Vice-Marshal Michael WIGSTON (since 21 January 2015); note - administrator reports to the British Ministry of Defense; the chief officer is responsible for the day-to-day running of the civil government of the Sovereign Bases" }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; administrator appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Ministry of Defense" } }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { "text": "Senior Judges' Court (consists of several visiting judges from England and Wales)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "see entry for United Kingdom" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Resident Judges' Court; Courts Martial" } }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)" }, "Flag description": { "text": "the flag of the UK is used" }, "National anthem": { "note": { "text": "as a UK area of special sovereignty, \"God Save the Queen\" is official (see United Kingdom)" } } }, "Economy": { "Economy - overview": { "text": "Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Akrotiri. All food and manufactured goods must be imported." }, "Exchange rates": { "note": { "text": "uses the euro" } } }, "Communications": { "Broadcast media": { "text": "British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite TV service as well as BFBS radio broadcasts to the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area (2009)" } }, "Military and Security": { "Military - note": { "text": "defense is the responsibility of the UK; Akrotiri has a full RAF base, headquarters for British Forces Cyprus, and Episkopi Support Unit" } } }