{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "Jersey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Dukedom of Normandy that held sway in both France and England. These islands were the only British soil occupied by German troops in World War II. Jersey is a British Crown dependency but is not part of the UK or of the EU. However, the UK Government is constitutionally responsible for its defense and international representation."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest of France"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "49 15 N, 2 10 W"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Europe"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "116 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "116 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "about two-thirds the size of Washington, DC"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "text": "0 km"
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "70 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "3 nm"
      },
      "exclusive fishing zone": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "temperate; mild winters and cool summers"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "mean elevation": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "elevation extremes": {
        "text": "lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m ++ highest point: unnamed elevation 143 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "arable land"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "66% ++ arable land 66%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 0%"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "0%"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "34% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Population - distribution": {
      "text": "fairly even distribution; no notable trends"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "largest and southernmost of Channel Islands; about 30% of population concentrated in Saint Helier"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "text": "98,069 (July 2016 est.)"
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Channel Islander(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Channel Islander"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Jersey 46.4%, British 32.7%, Portuguese/Madeiran 8.2%, Polish 3.3%, Irish, French, and other white 7.1%, other 2.4% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "English 94.5% (official), Portuguese 4.6%, other 0.9% (2001 census)"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Protestant (Anglican, Baptist, Congregational New Church, Methodist, Presbyterian), Roman Catholic"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "16.1% (male 8,169/female 7,616)"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "14.23% (male 7,187/female 6,768)"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "41.18% (male 20,215/female 20,170)"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "12.38% (male 5,931/female 6,209)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "16.12% (male 6,731/female 9,073) (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "47%"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "21.6%"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "25.4%"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "3.9%"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "data represent the Channel Islands (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "38.5 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "36.2 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "41.2 years (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "0.79% (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "12.1 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "7.7 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "3.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "fairly even distribution; no notable trends"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "31.4% of total population (2014)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0.76% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "data are for the Channel Islands"
      }
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.07 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "1 male(s)/female"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "0.96 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.74 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.97 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "3.8 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "4 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "3.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "81.9 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "79.4 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "84.5 years (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "1.66 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
      "text": "NA"
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Bailiwick of Jersey"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Jersey"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "the name is of Old Norse origin, but the meaning of the root \"Jer(s)\" is uncertain; the \"-ey\" ending means \"island\""
      }
    },
    "Dependency status": {
      "text": "British crown dependency"
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "parliamentary democracy (Assembly of the States of Jersey); a Crown dependency of the UK"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Saint Helier"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "49 11 N, 2 06 W"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "daylight saving time": {
        "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "none (British crown dependency); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 12 parishes; Grouville, Saint Brelade, Saint Clement, Saint Helier, Saint John, Saint Lawrence, Saint Martin, Saint Mary, Saint Ouen, Saint Peter, Saint Saviour, and Trinity"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "none (British crown dependency)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "proposals introduced to the Assembly of the States of Jersey by a government minister, by an Assembly member, or by an elected parish head; passage requires several Assembly readings, a majority vote by the Assembly, review by the UK Ministry of Justice, and approval by the British monarch (Royal Assent) (2016)"
      }
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply; local statutes"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "text": "see United Kingdom"
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "16 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant Governor (currently vacant); Sir Stephen DALTON will take office in Marach 2017"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Chief Minister Ian GORST (since 18 November 2011); Bailiff William BAILHACHE (since 29 January 2015)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Council of Ministers appointed individually by the states"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; Council of Ministers including the chief minister indirectly elected by the Assembly of States; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "unicameral Assembly of the States of Jersey (49 elected members; 8 senators to serve 6-year terms, and 29 deputies and 12 connetables, or heads of parishes, to serve 3-year terms; 5 non-voting members appointed by the monarch include the bailiff, lieutenant governor, dean of Jersey, attorney general, and the solicitor general)"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "last held on 15 October 2014 (next to be held in 2017)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 49"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Jersey Court of Appeal (consists of the bailiff, deputy bailiff, and 12 judges and organized into Heritage, Family, Probate, and Civil and Criminal Divisions); Royal Court (consists of the bailiff, deputy bailiff, 6 commissioners and lay people referred to as jurats)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "Jersey Court of Appeal bailiffs and judges appointed by the Crown upon the advice of the Secretary of State for Justice; bailiffs and judges appointed for extent of good behavior; Royal Court bailiffs appointed by the Crown upon the advice of the Secretary of State for Justice; commissioners appointed by the bailiff; jurats appointed by the Electoral College; bailiffs and commissioners appointed for extent of good behavior; jurats appointed until retirement at age 72"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Magistrate's Court; Youth Court; Petty Debts Court; Parish Hall Enquires (a process of preliminary investigation into youth and minor adult offenses to determine need for presentation before a court)"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "one registered party": {
        "text": " ++ Reform Jersey [Sam MEZEC] ++ "
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "most senators and deputies sit as independents"
      }
    },
    "Political pressure groups and leaders": {
      "text": "Institute of Directors, Jersey branch (provides business support) ++ Jersey Hospitality Association [Ian BARNES] (trade association) ++ Jersey Rights Association [David ROTHERHAM] (human rights) ++ La Societe Jersiaise (education and conservation group) ++ Progress Jersey [Daren O'TOOLE, Gino RISOLI] (human rights) ++ Royal Jersey Agriculture and Horticultural Society or RJA&HS (development and management of the Jersey breed of cattle) ++ Save Jersey's Heritage (protects heritage through building preservation)"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "text": "none (British Crown dependency)"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "text": "none (British Crown dependency)"
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "white with a diagonal red cross extending to the corners of the flag; in the upper quadrant, surmounted by a yellow crown, a red shield with three lions in yellow; according to tradition, the ships of Jersey - in an attempt to differentiate themselves from English ships flying the horizontal cross of St. George - rotated the cross to the \"X\" (saltire) configuration; because this arrangement still resembled the Irish cross of St. Patrick, the yellow Plantagenet crown and Jersey coat of arms were added"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "Jersey cow; national colors: red, white"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Isle de Siez Nous\" (Island Home)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Gerard LE FEUVRE"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "adopted 2008; serves as a local anthem; as a British Crown dependency, \"God Save the Queen\" is official (see United Kingdom)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economy - overview": {
      "text": "Jersey's economy is based on international financial services, agriculture, and tourism. In 2010, the financial services sector accounted for about 50% of the island's output. Potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes, and especially flowers are important export crops, shipped mostly to the UK. The Jersey breed of dairy cattle is known worldwide and represents an important export income earner. Tourism accounts for one-quarter of GDP. Living standards come close to those of the UK. In recent years, the government has encouraged light industry to locate in Jersey with the result that an electronics industry has developed, displacing more traditional industries. All raw material and energy requirements are imported as well as a large share of Jersey's food needs. Light taxes and death duties make the island a popular tax haven. In October 2014, Jersey signed an OECD agreement to automatically exchange some financial account information to limit tax avoidance and evasion."
    },
    "GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "text": "$5.771 billion (FY12/13 est.) ++ $5.786 billion (FY11/12)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2013 US dollars"
      }
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$5.771 billion (FY 2012/13 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - real growth rate": {
      "text": "-0.3% (FY12/13 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
      "text": "$57,000 (2005 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "2%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "2%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "96% (2010)"
      }
    },
    "Agriculture - products": {
      "text": "potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes; beef, dairy products"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "tourism, banking and finance, dairy, electronics"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "NA%"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "53,380 (June 2012)"
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "text": "1.7% (2012 est.) ++ 2.2% (2006 est.)"
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "NA%"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "NA%"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "NA%"
      }
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$829 million"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$851 million (2005)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "14.4% of GDP (2005)"
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-0.4% of GDP (2005)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "1 April - 31 March"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "text": "3.7% (2006)"
    },
    "Market value of publicly traded shares": {
      "text": "$NA"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "text": "$NA"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "light industrial and electrical goods, dairy cattle, foodstuffs, textiles, flowers"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "text": "$NA"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals"
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "text": "$NA"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "text": "Jersey pounds (JEP) per US dollar ++ 0.607 (2014) ++ 0.607 (2013) ++ 0.6542 (2012) ++ 0.6391 (2011 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity - consumption": {
      "text": "630.1 million kWh (2004 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "73,800"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "80 (July 2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total": {
        "text": "112,400"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "117 (July 2013 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephone system": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "modern system with broadband access"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "fixed-line and mobile-cellular services widely available"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 44; submarine cable connectivity to Guernsey, the UK, and France (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "multiple UK terrestrial TV broadcasts are received via a transmitter in Jersey; satellite packages available; BBC Radio Jersey and 1 other radio station operating (2009)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".je"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "58,000"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "59.6% (July 2015 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "National air transport system": {
      "number of registered air carriers": {
        "text": "2 (registered in UK)"
      },
      "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
        "text": "11 (registered in UK) (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Airports": {
      "text": "1 (2013)"
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "1 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "576 km (2010)"
      }
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "registered in other countries": {
        "text": "14 (Gibraltar 1, India 2, Marshall Islands 11) (2010)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "major seaport(s)": {
        "text": "Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "defense is the responsibility of the UK"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "none"
    }
  }
}