{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century; Japan occupied the islands from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence shortly before Japan's surrender, but it required four years of sometimes brutal fighting, intermittent negotiations, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty in 1949. A period of sometimes unruly parliamentary democracy ended in 1957 when President SOEKARNO declared martial law and instituted \"Guided Democracy.\" After an abortive coup in 1965 by alleged communist sympathizers, SOEKARNO was gradually eased from power. From 1967 until 1988, President SUHARTO ruled Indonesia with his \"New Order\" government. After rioting toppled SUHARTO in 1998, free and fair legislative elections took place in 1999. Indonesia is now the world's third most populous democracy, the world's largest archipelagic state, and the world's largest Muslim-majority nation. Current issues include: alleviating poverty, improving education, preventing terrorism, consolidating democracy after four decades of authoritarianism, implementing economic and financial reforms, stemming corruption, reforming the criminal justice system, holding the military and police accountable for human rights violations, addressing climate change, and controlling infectious diseases, particularly those of global and regional importance. In 2005, Indonesia reached a historic peace agreement with armed separatists in Aceh, which led to democratic elections in Aceh in December 2006. Indonesia continues to face low intensity armed resistance in Papua by the separatist Free Papua Movement."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "5 00 S, 120 00 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Southeast Asia"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,904,569 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "1,811,569 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "93,000 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "slightly less than three times the size of Texas"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "2,958 km"
      },
      "border countries": {
        "text": "Timor-Leste 253 km, Malaysia 1,881 km, Papua New Guinea 824 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "54,716 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines",
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "mean elevation": {
        "text": "367 m"
      },
      "elevation extremes": {
        "text": "lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m ++ highest point: Puncak Jaya 4,884 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "31.2% ++ arable land 13%; permanent crops 12.1%; permanent pasture 6.1%"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "51.7%"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "17.1% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "67,220 sq km (2012)"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "occasional floods; severe droughts; tsunamis; earthquakes; volcanoes; forest fires",
      "volcanism": {
        "text": "Indonesia contains the most volcanoes of any country in the world - some 76 are historically active; significant volcanic activity occurs on Java, Sumatra, the Sunda Islands, Halmahera Island, Sulawesi Island, Sangihe Island, and in the Banda Sea; Merapi (elev. 2,968 m), Indonesia's most active volcano and in eruption since 2010, has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Agung, Awu, Karangetang, Krakatau (Krakatoa), Makian, Raung, and Tambora"
      }
    },
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest fires"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "Marine Life Conservation"
      }
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "according to Indonesia's National Coordinating Agency for Survey and Mapping, the total number of islands in the archipelago is 13,466, of which 922 are permanently inhabited (Indonesia is the world's largest country comprised solely of islands); the country straddles the equator and occupies a strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean; despite having the fourth largest population in the world, Indonesia is the most heavily forested region on earth after the Amazon"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "text": "258,316,051 (July 2016 est.)"
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Indonesian(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Indonesian"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Javanese 40.1%, Sundanese 15.5%, Malay 3.7%, Batak 3.6%, Madurese 3%, Betawi 2.9%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Buginese 2.7%, Bantenese 2%, Banjarese 1.7%, Balinese 1.7%, Acehnese 1.4%, Dayak 1.4%, Sasak 1.3%, Chinese 1.2%, other 15% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese)",
      "note": {
        "text": "more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia"
      }
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Muslim 87.2%, Christian 7%, Roman Catholic 2.9%, Hindu 1.7%, other 0.9% (includes Buddhist and Confucian), unspecified 0.4% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "25.42% (male 33,435,020/female 32,224,706)"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "17.03% (male 22,397,086/female 21,604,985)"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "42.35% (male 55,857,415/female 53,543,682)"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "8.4% (male 9,918,897/female 11,790,016)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "6.79% (male 7,630,251/female 9,913,993) (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "49%"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "41.2%"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "7.7%"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "13% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "29.9 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "29.3 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "30.5 years (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "0.89% (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "16.4 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "53.7% of total population (2015)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "2.69% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "JAKARTA (capital) 10.323 million; Surabaya 2.853 million; Bandung 2.544 million; Medan 2.204 million; Semarang 1.63 million; Makassar 1.489 million (2015)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "0.84 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.77 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "1 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Mother's mean age at first birth": {
      "text": "22.8",
      "note": {
        "text": "median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2012 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Maternal mortality rate": {
      "text": "126 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "23.5 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "27.5 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "19.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "72.7 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "70.1 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "75.5 years (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "2.13 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "61.9% (2012)"
    },
    "Health expenditures": {
      "text": "2.8% of GDP (2014)"
    },
    "Physicians density": {
      "text": "0.2 physicians/1,000 population (2012)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "0.9 beds/1,000 population (2012)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 94.2% of population ++ rural: 79.5% of population ++ total: 87.4% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 5.8% of population ++ rural: 20.5% of population ++ total: 12.6% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 72.3% of population ++ rural: 47.5% of population ++ total: 60.8% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 27.7% of population ++ rural: 52.5% of population ++ total: 39.2% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "0.48% (2015 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
      "text": "692,800 (2015 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
      "text": "35,300 (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Major infectious diseases": {
      "degree of risk": {
        "text": "very high"
      },
      "food or waterborne diseases": {
        "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever"
      },
      "vectorborne diseases": {
        "text": "dengue fever and malaria (2016)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "5.7% (2014)"
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "19.9% (2013)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "3.3% of GDP (2014)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "93.9%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "96.3%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "91.5% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "13 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "13 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "13 years (2014)"
      }
    },
    "Child labor - children ages 5-14": {
      "total number": {
        "text": "4,026,285"
      },
      "percentage": {
        "text": "7%"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "data represent children ages 5-17 (2009 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
      "total": {
        "text": "31.3%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "19.5%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "21.4% (2013 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Republic of Indonesia"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Indonesia"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "Republik Indonesia"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Indonesia"
      },
      "former": {
        "text": "Netherlands East Indies, Dutch East Indies"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "the name is an 18th-century construct of two Greek words, \"Indos\" (India) and \"nesoi\" (islands), meaning \"Indian islands\""
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "presidential republic"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Jakarta"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "6 10 S, 106 49 E"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "Indonesia has three time zones"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "31 provinces (provinsi-provinsi, singular - provinsi), 1 autonomous province*, 1 special region** (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 national capital district*** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta Raya***, Jambi, Jawa Barat (West Java), Jawa Tengah (Central Java), Jawa Timur (East Java), Kalimantan Barat (West Kalimantan), Kalimantan Selatan (South Kalimantan), Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan), Kalimantan Timur (East Kalimantan), Kalimantan Utara (North Kalimantan), Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (Bangka Belitung Islands), Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands), Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara (North Maluku), Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), Papua, Papua Barat (West Papua), Riau, Sulawesi Barat (West Sulawesi), Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tengah (Central Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tenggara (Southeast Sulawesi), Sulawesi Utara (North Sulawesi), Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra), Sumatera Selatan (South Sumatra), Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra), Yogyakarta**",
      "note": {
        "text": "following the implementation of decentralization beginning on 1 January 2001, regencies and municipalities have become the key administrative units responsible for providing most government services"
      }
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "17 August 1945 (declared)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 17 August (1945)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "text": "drafted July to August 1945, effective 17 August 1945, abrogated by 1949 and 1950 constitutions, 1945 constitution restored 5 July 1959; amended several times, last in 2002; note - an amendment  on \"national character building and national consciousness awareness\" was pending parliamentary review in early 2016 (2016)"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "civil law system based on the Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Indonesia"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "5 continuous years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Joko WIDODO (since 20 October 2014); Vice President Jusuf KALLA (since 20 October 2014); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "President Joko WIDODO (since 20 October 2014); Vice President Jusuf KALLA (since 20 October 2014)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president and vice president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 9 July 2014 (next to be held in 2019)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "Joko WiDODO elected president; percent of vote - Joko WIDODO (PDI-P) 53.2%, PRABOWO Subianto (GERINDRA) 46.8%"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "bicameral People's Consultative Assembly or Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat consists of the Regional Representative Council or Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (132 seats; non-partisan members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (560 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by single non-transferable vote to serve 5-year terms)"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "29 other parties received less than the 2.5% vote threshold and failed to win so did not obtain any seats; because of election rules, the number of seats won does not always follow the percentage of votes received by parties"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "last held on 9 April 2014 (next to be held in 2019)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDI-P 19%, Golkar 15%, Gerindra 12%, PD 10%, PKB 9%, PAN 8%, PKS 7%, NasDem 7%, PPP 7%, Hanura 5%; seats by party - PDI-P 109, Golkar 91, Gerindra 73, PD 61, PAN 49, PKB 47, PKS 40, NasDem 35, PPP 39, Hanura 16"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (51 judges divided into 8 chambers); Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi (consists of 9 judges)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "Supreme Court judges nominated by Judicial Commission, appointed by president with concurrence of parliament; judges serve until retirement at age 65; Constitutional Court judges - 3 nominated by president, 3 by Supreme Court, and 3 by parliament; judges appointed by the president; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 70"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "High Courts of Appeal, district courts, religious courts"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "Democrat Party or PD [Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO] ++ Functional Groups Party or GOLKAR [Aburizal BAKRIE] ++ Great Indonesia Movement Party or GERINDRA [PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo] ++ Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri] ++ National Awakening Party or PKB [Muhaiman ISKANDAR] ++ National Mandate Party or PAN [Hatta RAJASA] ++ People's Conscience Party or HANURA [WIRANTO] ++ Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [Anis MATTA] ++ United Development Party or PPP [NA]"
    },
    "Political pressure groups and leaders": {
      "text": "Commission for the \"Disappeared\" and Victims of Violence or KontraS ++ Indonesia Corruption Watch or ICW ++ Indonesian Forum for the Environment or WALHI"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-11, G-15, G-20, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OECD (Enhanced Engagement, OIC, OPCW, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Budi BOWOLEKSONO (since 21 May 2014)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 775-5200"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 775-5365"
      },
      "consulate(s) general": {
        "text": "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Robert O. BLAKE, Jr. (since 30 January 2014)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "Jalan Medan Merdeka Selatan 3-5, Jakarta 10110"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "Unit 8129, Box 1, FPO AP 96520"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[62] (21) 3435-9000"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[62] (21) 386-2259"
      },
      "consulate general": {
        "text": "Surabaya"
      },
      "consulate": {
        "text": "Medan"
      },
      "consular agency": {
        "text": "Bali"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; the colors derive from the banner of the Majapahit Empire of the 13th-15th centuries; red symbolizes courage, white represents purity",
      "note": {
        "text": "similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red"
      }
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "garuda (mythical bird); national colors: red, white"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Indonesia Raya\" (Great Indonesia)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Wage Rudolf SOEPRATMAN"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "adopted 1945"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economy - overview": {
      "text": "Indonesia, the largest economy in Southeast Asia, has seen a slowdown in growth since 2012, mostly due to the end of the commodities export boom. During the global financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth. Indonesia’s annual budget deficit is capped at 3% of GDP, and the Government of Indonesia lowered its debt-to-GDP ratio from a peak of 100% shortly after the Asian financial crisis in 1999 to less than 25% today. Fitch and Moody's upgraded Indonesia's credit rating to investment grade in December 2011. ++  ++ Indonesia still struggles with poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among its regions. President Joko WIDODO - elected in July 2014 – seeks to develop Indonesia’s maritime resources and pursue other infrastructure development, including significantly increasing its electrical power generation capacity. Fuel subsidies were significantly reduced in early 2015, a move which has helped the government redirect its spending to development priorities. Indonesia, with the nine other ASEAN members, will continue to move towards participation in the ASEAN Economic Community, though full implementation of economic integration has not yet materialized."
    },
    "GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "text": "$3.028 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $2.885 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $2.753 trillion (2014 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2016 dollars"
      }
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$941 billion (2015 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - real growth rate": {
      "text": "4.9% (2016 est.) ++ 4.8% (2015 est.) ++ 5% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
      "text": "$11,700 (2016 est.) ++ $11,300 (2015 est.) ++ $10,900 (2014 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2016 dollars"
      }
    },
    "Gross national saving": {
      "text": "32.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 32.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 31.5% of GDP (2014 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "56.5%"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "9.3%"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "33%"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "1.2%"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "17.7%"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-17.7% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "13.7%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "40.3%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "46% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agriculture - products": {
      "text": "rubber and similar products, palm oil, poultry, beef, forest products, shrimp, cocoa, coffee, medicinal herbs, essential oil, fish and its similar products, and spices"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "3.5% (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "123.7 million (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "38.9%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "13.2%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "47.9% (2012 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "text": "6.3% (2016 est.) ++ 6.2% (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "11.3% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "3.4%"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "28.2% (2010)"
      }
    },
    "Distribution of family income - Gini index": {
      "text": "36.8 (2009) ++ 39.4 (2005)"
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$128.7 billion"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$151.4 billion (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "13.7% of GDP (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-2.4% of GDP (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "text": "29.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 28.4% of GDP (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "text": "3.8% (2016 est.) ++ 6.4% (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Central bank discount rate": {
      "text": "6.37% (31 December 2010) ++ 6.46% (31 December 2009)",
      "note": {
        "text": "this figure represents the 3-month SBI rate; the Bank of Indonesia has not employed the one-month SBI since September 2010"
      }
    },
    "Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
      "text": "12.2% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 12.66% (31 December 2015 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "these figures represent the average annualized rate on working capital loans"
      }
    },
    "Stock of narrow money": {
      "text": "$86.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $76.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of broad money": {
      "text": "$348.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $305.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of domestic credit": {
      "text": "$403.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $354.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Market value of publicly traded shares": {
      "text": "$353.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $422.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $346.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "text": "-$21.28 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$17.65 billion (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "text": "$136.7 billion (2016 est.) ++ $148.4 billion (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "mineral fuels, animal or vegetable fats (includes palm oil), electrical machinery, rubber, machinery and mechanical appliance parts"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "Japan 12%, US 10.8%, China 10%, Singapore 8.4%, India 7.8%, South Korea 5.1%, Malaysia 5.1% (2015)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "text": "$121.5 billion (2016 est.) ++ $135.1 billion (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "mineral fuels, boilers, machinery, and mechanical parts, electric machinery, iron and steel, foodstuffs"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "China 20.6%, Singapore 12.6%, Japan 9.3%, Malaysia 6%, South Korea 5.9%, Thailand 5.7%, US 5.3% (2015)"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "text": "$106.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $105.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "text": "$344.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $316 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
      "text": "$292.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $271.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
      "text": "$42.82 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $33.32 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "text": "Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar - ++ 13,483 (2016 est.) ++ 13,389.4 (2015 est.) ++ 13,389.4 (2014 est.) ++ 11,865.2 (2013 est.) ++ 9,386.63 (2012 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity - production": {
      "text": "216 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - consumption": {
      "text": "195 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - exports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - imports": {
      "text": "9 million kWh (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
      "text": "55 million kW (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
      "text": "83.2% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
      "text": "11% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
      "text": "5.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - production": {
      "text": "785,900 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - exports": {
      "text": "310,100 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - imports": {
      "text": "463,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - proved reserves": {
      "text": "3.693 billion bbl (1 January 2016 es)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "926,300 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
      "text": "1.688 million bbl/day (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "81,950 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "691,600 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - production": {
      "text": "73.45 billion cu m (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - consumption": {
      "text": "41.72 billion cu m (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - exports": {
      "text": "31.78 billion cu m (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - imports": {
      "text": "1.8 billion cu m (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - proved reserves": {
      "text": "2.875 trillion cu m (1 January 2016 es)"
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": {
      "text": "442 million Mt (2013 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "22.386 million"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "9 (July 2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total": {
        "text": "338.426 million"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "132 (July 2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephone system": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "domestic service includes an interisland microwave system, an HF radio police net, and a domestic satellite communications system; international service good"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "coverage provided by existing network has been expanded by use of over 200,000 telephone kiosks many located in remote areas; mobile-cellular subscribership growing rapidly"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 62; landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks that provide links throughout Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "mixture of about a dozen national TV networks - 2 public broadcasters, the remainder private broadcasters - each with multiple transmitters; more than 100 local TV stations; widespread use of satellite and cable TV systems; public radio broadcaster operat (2008)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".id"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "56.257 million"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "22% (July 2015 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "National air transport system": {
      "number of registered air carriers": {
        "text": "29"
      },
      "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
        "text": "550"
      },
      "annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "88,685,767"
      },
      "annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "747,473,207 mt-km (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "PK (2016)"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "text": "673 (2013)"
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "186"
      },
      "over 3,047 m": {
        "text": "5"
      },
      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
        "text": "21"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "51"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "72"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": "37 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "487"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "4"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "23"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": "460 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Heliports": {
      "text": "76 (2013)"
    },
    "Pipelines": {
      "text": "condensate 1,064 km; condensate/gas 150 km; gas 11,702 km; liquid petroleum gas 119 km; oil 7,767 km; oil/gas/water 77 km; refined products 728 km; unknown 53 km; water 44 km (2013)"
    },
    "Railways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "8,159 km"
      },
      "narrow gauge": {
        "text": "8,159 km 1.067-m gauge (565 km electrified)"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "4,816 km operational (2014)"
      }
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "496,607 km"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "283,102 km"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "213,505 km (2011)"
      }
    },
    "Waterways": {
      "text": "21,579 km (2011)"
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,340"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "bulk carrier 105, cargo 618, chemical tanker 69, container 120, liquefied gas 28, passenger 49, passenger/cargo 77, petroleum tanker 244, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 12, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 11"
      },
      "foreign-owned": {
        "text": "69 (China 1, France 1, Greece 1, Japan 8, Jordan 1, Malaysia 1, Norway 3, Singapore 46, South Korea 2, Taiwan 1, UK 2, US 2)"
      },
      "registered in other countries": {
        "text": "95 (Bahamas 2, Cambodia 2, China 2, Hong Kong 10, Liberia 4, Marshall Islands 1, Mongolia 2, Panama 10, Singapore 60, Tuvalu 1, unknown 1) (2010)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "major seaport(s)": {
        "text": "Banjarmasin, Belawan, Kotabaru, Krueg Geukueh, Palembang, Panjang, Sungai Pakning, Tanjung Perak, Tanjung Priok"
      },
      "container port(s) (TEUs)": {
        "text": "Tanjung Priok (5,617,562)"
      },
      "LNG terminal(s) (export)": {
        "text": "Bontang, Tangguh"
      },
      "LNG terminal(s) (import)": {
        "text": "Arun, Lampung, West Java"
      }
    },
    "Transportation - note": {
      "text": "the International Maritime Bureau continues to report the territorial and offshore waters in the Strait of Malacca and South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; attacks have increased yearly since 2009; in 2014, 100 commercial vessels were attacked and 90 crew members taken hostage; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; crews have been murdered or cast adrift"
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military branches": {
      "text": "Indonesian Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI): Army (TNI-Angkatan Darat (TNI-AD)), Navy (TNI-Angkatan Laut (TNI-AL); includes marines (Korps Marinir, KorMar), naval air arm), Air Force (TNI-Angkatan Udara (TNI-AU)), National Air Defense Command (Kommando Pertahanan Udara Nasional (Kohanudnas)) (2013)"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "18-45 years of age for voluntary military service, with selective conscription authorized; 2-year service obligation, with reserve obligation to age 45 (officers); Indonesian citizens only (2012)"
    },
    "Military expenditures": {
      "text": "0.78% of GDP (2012) ++ 0.67% of GDP (2011) ++ 0.78% of GDP (2010)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "Indonesia has a stated foreign policy objective of establishing stable fixed land and maritime boundaries with all of its neighbors; three stretches of land borders with Timor-Leste have yet to be delimited, two of which are in the Oecussi exclave area, and no maritime or Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) boundaries have been established between the countries; many refugees from Timor-Leste who left in 2003 still reside in Indonesia and refuse repatriation; all borders between Indonesia and Australia have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches; land and maritime negotiations with Malaysia are ongoing, and disputed areas include the controversial Tanjung Datu and Camar Wulan border area in Borneo and the maritime boundary in the Ambalat oil block in the Celebes Sea; Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalizing their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; Indonesian secessionists, squatters, and illegal migrants create repatriation problems for Papua New Guinea; maritime delimitation talks continue with Palau; EEZ negotiations with Vietnam are ongoing, and the two countries in Fall 2011 agreed to work together to reduce illegal fishing along their maritime boundary"
    },
    "Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
      "IDPs": {
        "text": "6,100 (inter-communal, inter-faith, and separatist violence between 1998 and 2004 in Aceh and Papua; religious attacks and land conflicts in 2012 and 2013; most IDPs in Aceh, Maluku, East Nusa Tengarra) (2015) (2011)"
      }
    },
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use; producer of methamphetamine and ecstasy; President WIDODO's war on drugs has led to an increase in death sentences and executions, particularly of foreign drug traffickers (2015)"
    }
  }
}