{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "First colonized by the Spanish, the islands came under British control in the early 19th century. The islands' sugar industry was hurt by the emancipation of the slaves in 1834. Manpower was replaced with the importation of contract laborers from India between 1845 and 1917, which boosted sugar production as well as the cocoa industry. The discovery of oil on Trinidad in 1910 added another important export. Independence was attained in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly in Tobago, is targeted for expansion and is growing. The government is coping with a rise in violent crime."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "11 00 N, 61 00 W"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Central America and the Caribbean"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "5,128 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "5,128 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "slightly smaller than Delaware"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "text": "0 km"
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "362 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines",
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "contiguous zone": {
        "text": "24 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      },
      "continental shelf": {
        "text": "200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical; rainy season (June to December)"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "mostly plains with some hills and low mountains"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "mean elevation": {
        "text": "83 m"
      },
      "elevation extremes": {
        "text": "lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m ++ highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "petroleum, natural gas, asphalt"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "10.6% ++ arable land 4.9%; permanent crops 4.3%; permanent pasture 1.4%"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "44%"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "45.4% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "70 sq km (2012)"
    },
    "Population - distribution": {
      "text": "population on Trinidad concentrated in the western half of the island; on Tobago in the southern half"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms"
    },
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "none of the selected agreements"
      }
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "Pitch Lake, on Trinidad's southwestern coast, is the world's largest natural reservoir of asphalt"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "text": "1,220,479 (July 2016 est.)"
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Trinidadian, Tobagonian"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "East Indian 35.4%, African 34.2%, mixed - other 15.3%, mixed African/East Indian 7.7%, other 1.3%, unspecified 6.2% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "English (official), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), French, Spanish, Chinese"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Protestant 32.1% (Pentecostal/Evangelical/Full Gospel 12%, Baptist 6.9%, Anglican 5.7%, Seventh-Day Adventist 4.1%, Presbyterian/Congretational 2.5%, other Protestant 0.9%), Roman Catholic 21.6%, Hindu 18.2%, Muslim 5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.5%, other 8.4%, none 2.2%, unspecified 11.1% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "19.34% (male 120,214/female 115,821)"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "12.24% (male 77,738/female 71,629)"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "46.1% (male 292,819/female 269,855)"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "12.09% (male 73,457/female 74,062)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "10.23% (male 54,334/female 70,550) (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "43.2%"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "29.8%"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "13.5%"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "7.4% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "35.5 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "35 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "36 years (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "-0.17% (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "13.1 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "8.7 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-6.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "population on Trinidad is concentrated in the western half of the island, on Tobago in the southern half"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "8.4% of total population (2015)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "-1.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "PORT-OF-SPAIN (capital) 34,000 (2014)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "1.09 male(s)/female"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "1.09 male(s)/female"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "0.99 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.77 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Maternal mortality rate": {
      "text": "63 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "23 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "24.4 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "21.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "72.9 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "69.9 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "75.9 years (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "1.71 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "42.5% (2006)"
    },
    "Health expenditures": {
      "text": "5.9% of GDP (2014)"
    },
    "Physicians density": {
      "text": "1.18 physicians/1,000 population (2007)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "2.7 beds/1,000 population (2012)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 95.1% of population ++ rural: 95.1% of population ++ total: 95.1% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 4.9% of population ++ rural: 4.9% of population ++ total: 4.9% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 91.5% of population ++ rural: 91.5% of population ++ total: 91.5% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 8.5% of population ++ rural: 8.5% of population ++ total: 8.5% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "1.22% (2015 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
      "text": "10,800 (2015 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
      "text": "200 (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Major infectious diseases": {
      "note": {
        "text": "active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus (2016)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "32.3% (2014)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "99%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "99.2%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "98.7% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Child labor - children ages 5-14": {
      "total number": {
        "text": "1,201"
      },
      "percentage": {
        "text": "1% (2006 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
      "total": {
        "text": "9.2%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "7.7%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "11.4% (2013 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Republic of Trinidad and Tobago"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Trinidad and Tobago"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the larger island \"La Isla de la Trinidad\" (The Island of the Trinity) on 31 July 1498 on his third voyage; the tobacco grown and smoked by the natives of the smaller island or its elongated cigar shape may account for the \"tobago\" name, which is spelled \"tobaco\" in Spanish"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "parliamentary republic"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Port of Spain"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "10 39 N, 61 31 W"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "9 regions, 3 boroughs, 2 cities, 1 ward",
      "regions": {
        "text": "Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo, Diego Martin, Mayaro/Rio Claro, Penal/Debe, Princes Town, Sangre Grande, San Juan/Laventille, Siparia, Tunapuna/Piarco"
      },
      "borough": {
        "text": "Arima, Chaguanas, Point Fortin"
      },
      "cities": {
        "text": "Port of Spain, San Fernando"
      },
      "ward": {
        "text": "Tobago"
      }
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "31 August 1962 (from the UK)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 31 August (1962)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "text": "previous 1962; latest 1976; amended many times, last in 2007 (2016)"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "citizenship by descent": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "8 years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Anthony CARMONA (since 18 March 2013)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister Keith ROWLEY (since 9 September 2015)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet appointed from among members of Parliament"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president indirectly elected by an electoral college of selected Senate and House of Representatives members for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 15 February 2013 (next to be held by February 2018); the president usually appoints the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives as prime minister"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "Anthony CARMONA (independent) elected president; electoral college vote - 100%"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats; 16 members appointed by the ruling party, 9 by the president, and 6 by the opposition party; members serve 5-year terms;) and the House of Representatives (41 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly (16 seats; 12 assemblymen directly elected by simple majority vote and 4 appointed councillors - 3 on the advice of the chief secretary and 1 on the advice of the minority leader; members serve 4-year terms)"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "House of Representatives - last held on 7 September 2015 (next to be held in 2020)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "House of Representatives - percent of vote - NA; seats by party - PNM 23, UNC 18"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest resident court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court of the Judicature (consists of a chief justice for both the Court of Appeal with 12 judges and the High Court with 24 judges); note - Trinidad and Tobago can file appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Caribbean Court of Justice, with final appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the parliamentary leader of the opposition; other judges appointed by the Judicial Legal Services Commission, headed by the chief justice and 5 members with judicial experience; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 65"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Courts of Summary Criminal Jurisdiction; Petty Civil Courts; Family Court"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "Congress of the People or COP [Prakash RAMADHAR] ++ Democratic Action Congress or DAC [Hochoy CHARLES] (only active in Tobago) ++ Democratic National Alliance or DNA [Charles CARSON] (coalition of NAR, DDPT, MND) ++ Movement for National Development or MND [Garvin NICHOLAS] ++ National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Lennox SANKERSINGH] ++ People's National Movement or PNM [Keith ROWLEY] ++ Tobago Organization of the People or TOP [Ashworth JACK] ++ United National Congress or UNC [Kamla PERSAD-BISSESSAR]"
    },
    "Political pressure groups and leaders": {
      "text": "Jamaat-al Muslimeen [Yasin ABU BAKR]"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Anthony Wayne Jerome PHILLIPS SPENCER (since 27 June 2016)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 467-6490"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 785-3130"
      },
      "consulate(s) general": {
        "text": "Miami, New York"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador John L. ESTRADA (since 19 April 2016)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "15 Queen's Park West, Port of Spain"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "P. O. Box 752, Port of Spain"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (868) 622-6371 through 6376"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (868) 822-5905"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side to the lower fly side; the colors represent the elements of earth, water, and fire; black stands for the wealth of the land and the dedication of the people; white symbolizes the sea surrounding the islands, the purity of the country's aspirations, and equality; red symbolizes the warmth and energy of the sun, the vitality of the land, and the courage and friendliness of its people"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "scarlet ibis (bird of Trinidad), cocrico (bird of Tobago), Chaconia flower; national colors: red, white, black"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Forged From the Love of Liberty\""
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Patrick Stanislaus CASTAGNE"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "adopted 1962; song originally created to serve as an anthem for the West Indies Federation; adopted by Trinidad and Tobago following the Federation's dissolution in 1962"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economy - overview": {
      "text": "Trinidad and Tobago attracts considerable foreign direct investment from international businesses, particularly in energy, and has one of the highest per capita incomes in Latin America. Economic growth between 2000 and 2007 averaged slightly over 8% per year, significantly above the regional average of about 3.7% for that same period; however, GDP has slowed down since then, contracting during 2009-2012, making small gains in 2013 and contracting again in 2014-2015. ++  ++ Energy production and downstream industrial use dominate the economy. Trinidad and Tobago produces about nine times more natural gas than crude oil on an energy equivalent basis with gas contributing about two-thirds of energy sector government revenue. Oil and gas account for about 40% of GDP and 80% of exports but less than 5% of employment. In 2013, Trinidad and Tobago was the world’s sixth-largest liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporter and is home to one of the largest natural gas liquefaction facilities in the Western Hemisphere. The United States is the country’s largest trading partner, accounting for 33% of its total imports and taking 44% of its exports. ++  ++ Trinidad and Tobago is buffered by considerable foreign reserves and a sovereign wealth fund that equals about one-and-a-half times the national budget, but the country is in a recession and the government faces the dual challenge of gas shortages and a low price environment. A projected 70% decrease in energy revenue to the government in 2016 will likely force cuts to the government budget, which has increased by 35% over the past six years. ++  ++ Economic diversification is a longstanding government talking point, and Trinidad and Tobago has much potential due to its stable, democratic government and its educated, English speaking workforce. Although Trinidad and Tobago enjoys cheap electricity from natural gas, the renewable energy sector has recently garnered increased interest. The country is also a regional financial center with a well-regulated and stable financial system. Other sectors the Government of Trinidad and Tobago has targeted for increased investment and projected growth include tourism, agriculture, information and communications technology, and shipping. Unfortunately, a host of other factors, including low labor productivity, inefficient government bureaucracy, and corruption, have hampered economic development."
    },
    "GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "text": "$43.57 billion (2016 est.) ++ $44.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $45.78 billion (2014 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2016 dollars"
      }
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$22.81 billion (2015 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - real growth rate": {
      "text": "-2.8% (2016 est.) ++ -2.1% (2015 est.) ++ -1% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
      "text": "$31,900 (2016 est.) ++ $33,000 (2015 est.) ++ $33,900 (2014 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2016 dollars"
      }
    },
    "Gross national saving": {
      "text": "4.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 18.1% of GDP (2014 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "59.5%"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "17.5%"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "11.6%"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "0.6%"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "47.9%"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-37.1% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "0.5%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "13.9%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "85.6% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agriculture - products": {
      "text": "cocoa, dasheen, pumpkin, cassava, tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplant, hot pepper, pommecythere, coconut water, poultry"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas (LNG), methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, food processing, cement, cotton textiles"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "-5% (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "629,700 (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "3.6%"
      },
      "manufacturing, mining, and quarrying": {
        "text": "11.2%"
      },
      "construction and utilities": {
        "text": "85.2%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "62.9% (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "text": "4% (2016 est.) ++ 3.5% (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "17% (2007 est.)"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "NA%"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "NA%"
      }
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$7.311 billion"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$9.369 billion (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "32.1% of GDP (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-9% of GDP (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "text": "51.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 49.1% of GDP (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "1 October - 30 September"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "text": "3.7% (2016 est.) ++ 4.7% (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Central bank discount rate": {
      "text": "6.75% (04 March 2016 est.) ++ 6.75% (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
      "text": "8.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 8.2% (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of narrow money": {
      "text": "$6.805 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.241 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of broad money": {
      "text": "$16.81 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $16.76 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of domestic credit": {
      "text": "$8.662 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $9.217 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Market value of publicly traded shares": {
      "text": "$177.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $171.6 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $170 million (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "text": "-$1.975 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.329 billion (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "text": "$7.264 billion (2016 est.) ++ $8.166 billion (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas, methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, cereal and cereal products, cocoa, fish, preserved fruits, , cosmetics, household cleaners, plastic packaging"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "US 26.3%, Argentina 12%, Brazil 6.6%, Chile 5.3%, Dominican Republic 5.2%, Barbados 5% (2015)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "text": "$7.398 billion (2016 est.) ++ $7.9 billion (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "mineral fuels, lubricants, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals, live animals"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "US 35.6%, China 6.8%, Gabon 6.6% (2015)"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "text": "$9.394 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $10.38 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "text": "$7.917 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $6.826 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
      "text": "$382.9 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $311.7 million (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
      "text": "$1.266 billion (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "text": "Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TTD) per US dollar - ++ 6.709 (2016 est.) ++ 6.3756 (2015 est.) ++ 6.4041 (2014 est.) ++ 6.4041 (2013 est.) ++ 6.39 (2012 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity - production": {
      "text": "9.3 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - consumption": {
      "text": "9.1 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - exports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - imports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
      "text": "2.353 million kW (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
      "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - production": {
      "text": "78,630 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - exports": {
      "text": "30,800 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - imports": {
      "text": "78,340 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - proved reserves": {
      "text": "700 million bbl (1 January 2016 es)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "139,200 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
      "text": "56,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "113,800 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "31,630 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - production": {
      "text": "41.59 billion cu m (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - consumption": {
      "text": "24.67 billion cu m (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - exports": {
      "text": "17.41 billion cu m (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - imports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - proved reserves": {
      "text": "325.7 billion cu m (1 January 2016 es)"
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": {
      "text": "48 million Mt (2013 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "270,872"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "22 (July 2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total": {
        "text": "2.123 million"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "174 (July 2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephone system": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "excellent international service; good local service"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity over 190 telephones per 100 persons"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 1-868; submarine cable systems provide connectivity to US and parts of the Caribbean and South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "16 TV networks (11 commercial, 5 non-commercial), 2 of which are state-owned that broadcast on multiple stations; 9 TV subscription service providers (cable and satellite); 19 radio networks, 1 state-owned, broadcast over about 35 stations (2016)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".tt"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "846,000"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "69.2% (July 2015 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "National air transport system": {
      "number of registered air carriers": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
        "text": "17"
      },
      "annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "2,617,842"
      },
      "annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "43,198,176 mt-km (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "9Y (2016)"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "text": "4 (2013)"
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "over 3,047 m": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
        "text": "1 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": "1 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Pipelines": {
      "text": "condensate 257 km; condensate/gas 11 km; gas 1,567 km; oil 587 km (2013)"
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "9,592 km"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "5,524 km"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "4,068 km (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "4"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "passenger 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1"
      },
      "registered in other countries": {
        "text": "2 (unknown 2) (2010)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "major seaport(s)": {
        "text": "Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port of Spain, Scarborough"
      },
      "oil terminals": {
        "text": "Galeota Point terminal"
      },
      "LNG terminal(s) (export)": {
        "text": "Port Fortin"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military branches": {
      "text": "Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (TTDF): Trinidad and Tobago Army, Coast Guard, Air Guard, Defense Force Reserves (2010)"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service (16 years of age with parental consent); no conscription; Trinidad and Tobago citizenship and completion of secondary school required (2012)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's EEZ; in 2005, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago agreed to compulsory international arbitration under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea challenging whether the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's and Venezuela's maritime boundary extends into Barbadian waters; Guyana has expressed its intention to include itself in the arbitration, as the Trinidad and Tobago-Venezuela maritime boundary may also extend into its waters"
    },
    "Trafficking in persons": {
      "current situation": {
        "text": "Trinidad and Tobago is a destination, transit, and possible source country for adults and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; women and girls from Venezuela, the Dominican Republic, Guyana, and Colombia have been subjected to sex trafficking in Trinidad and Tobago’s brothels and clubs; some economic migrants from the Caribbean region and Asia are vulnerable to forced labor in domestic service and the retail sector; the steady flow of vessels transiting Trinidad and Tobago’s territorial waters may also increase opportunities for forced labor for fishing; international crime organizations are increasingly involved in trafficking, and boys are coerced to sell drugs and guns; corruption among police and immigration officials impedes anti-trafficking efforts"
      },
      "tier rating": {
        "text": "Tier 2 Watch List – Trinidad and Tobago does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts decreased from the initiation of 12 prosecutions in 2013 to 1 in 2014; the government has yet to convict anyone under its 2011 anti-trafficking law, and all prosecutions from previous years remain pending; the government sustained efforts to identify victims and to refer them for care at NGO facilities, which it provided with funding; the government failed to draft a national action plan as mandated under the 2011 anti-trafficking law and did not launch a sufficiently robust awareness campaign to educate the public and officials (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis"
    }
  }
}