{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with African plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. The country held its first free elections in 1991, but frequent internal wrangling between the various political parties precipitated repeated changes in leadership and four failed, non-violent coup attempts in 1995, 1998, 2003, and 2009. In 2012, three opposition parties combined in a no confidence vote to bring down the majority government of former Prime Minister Patrice TROVOADA, but in 2014, legislative elections returned him to the office. New oil discoveries in the Gulf of Guinea may attract increased attention to the small island nation."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Central Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, just north of the Equator, west of Gabon"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "1 00 N, 7 00 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Africa"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "964 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "964 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "more than five times the size of Washington, DC"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "text": "0 km"
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "209 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines",
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "volcanic, mountainous"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "mean elevation": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "elevation extremes": {
        "text": "lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m ++ highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "fish, hydropower"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "50.7% ++ arable land 9.1%; permanent crops 40.6%; permanent pasture 1%"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "28.1%"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "21.2% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "100 sq km (2012)"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "none of the selected agreements"
      }
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are mountainous"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "text": "197,541 (July 2016 est.)"
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Sao Tomean(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Sao Tomean"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cabo Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese), Asians (mostly Chinese)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "Portuguese 98.4% (official), Forro 36.2%, Cabo Verdian 8.5%, French 6.8%, Angolar 6.6%, English 4.9%, Lunguie 1%, other (including sign language) 2.4%",
      "note": {
        "text": "shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census (2012 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Catholic 55.7%, Adventist 4.1%, Assembly of God 3.4%, New Apostolic 2.9%, Mana 2.3%, Universal Kingdom of God 2%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, other 6.2%, none 21.2%, unspecified 1% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Demographic profile": {
      "text": "Sao Tome and Principe’s youthful age structure – more than 60% of the population is under the age of 25 – and high fertility rate ensure future population growth. Although Sao Tome has a net negative international migration rate, emigration is not a sufficient safety valve to reduce already high levels of unemployment and poverty. While literacy and primary school attendance have improved in recent years, Sao Tome still struggles to improve its educational quality and to increase its secondary school completion rate. Despite some improvements in education and access to healthcare, Sao Tome and Principe has much to do to decrease its high poverty rate, create jobs, and increase its economic growth. The population of Sao Tome and Principe descends primarily from the islands’ colonial Portuguese settlers, who first arrived in the late 15th century, and the much larger number of African slaves brought in for sugar production and the slave trade. For about 100 years after the abolition of slavery in 1876, the population was further shaped by the widespread use of imported unskilled contract laborers from Portugal’s other African colonies, who worked on coffee and cocoa plantations. In the first decades after abolition, most workers were brought from Angola under a system similar to slavery. While Angolan laborers were technically free, they were forced or coerced into long contracts that were automatically renewed and extended to their children. Other contract workers from Mozambique and famine-stricken Cape Verde first arrived in the early 20th century under short-term contracts and had the option of repatriation, although some chose to remain in Sao Tome and Principe. Today’s Sao Tomean population consists of mesticos (creole descendants of the European immigrants and African slaves that first inhabited the islands), forros (descendants of freed African slaves), angolares (descendants of runaway African slaves that formed a community in the south of Sao Tome Island and today are fishermen), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (locally born children of contract laborers), and lesser numbers of Europeans and Asians."
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "42.47% (male 42,660/female 41,234)"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "20.33% (male 20,358/female 19,808)"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "30.66% (male 29,728/female 30,829)"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "3.7% (male 3,342/female 3,959)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "2.85% (male 2,506/female 3,117) (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "84.2%"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "78.5%"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "5.7%"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "17.6% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "18.2 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "17.8 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "18.6 years (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "1.78% (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "33.3 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "7 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-8.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "65.1% of total population (2015)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "3.58% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "SAO TOME (capital) 71,000 (2014)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "0.96 male(s)/female"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "0.84 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.81 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "1 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Mother's mean age at first birth": {
      "text": "19.4",
      "note": {
        "text": "median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2008/09 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Maternal mortality rate": {
      "text": "156 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "46.6 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "48.5 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "44.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "64.9 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "63.6 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "66.3 years (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "4.4 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "38.4% (2008/09)"
    },
    "Health expenditures": {
      "text": "8.4% of GDP (2014)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "2.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 98.9% of population ++ rural: 93.6% of population ++ total: 97.1% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 1.1% of population ++ rural: 6.4% of population ++ total: 2.9% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 40.8% of population ++ rural: 23.3% of population ++ total: 34.7% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 59.2% of population ++ rural: 76.7% of population ++ total: 65.3% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "0.78% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
      "text": "1,000 (2014 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
      "text": "100 (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Major infectious diseases": {
      "degree of risk": {
        "text": "high"
      },
      "food or waterborne diseases": {
        "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever"
      },
      "vectorborne diseases": {
        "text": "malaria and dengue fever"
      },
      "water contact disease": {
        "text": "schistosomiasis (2016)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "10.6% (2014)"
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "8.8% (2014)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "3.9% of GDP (2014)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "74.9%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "81.8%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "68.4% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "13 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "13 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "13 years (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Child labor - children ages 5-14": {
      "total number": {
        "text": "3,235"
      },
      "percentage": {
        "text": "8% (2006 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Sao Tome and Principe"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Sao Tome e Principe"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "Sao Tome was named after Saint THOMAS the Apostle by the Portuguese who discovered the island on 21 December 1470 (or 1471), the saint's feast day; Principe is a shortening of the original Portuguese name of \"Ilha do Principe\" (Isle of the Prince) referring to the Prince of Portugal to whom duties on the island's sugar crop were paid"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "semi-presidential republic"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Sao Tome"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "0 20 N, 6 44 E"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "12 July 1975 (from Portugal)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 12 July (1975)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "text": "approved 5 November 1975; revised several times, last in 2006 (2016)"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "mixed legal system of civil law base on the Portuguese model and customary law"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Sao Tome and Principe"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "5 years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Evaristo CARVALHO (since 3 September 2016)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister Patrice Emery TROVOADA (since 29 November 2014)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 July 2016 and second round held on 7 August 2016 (next to be held in July 2021); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "Evaristo CARVALHO elected president; percent of vote - Evaristo CARVALHO (ADI) 49.8%, Manuel Pinto DA COSTA (independent) 24.8%, Maria DAS NEVES (MLSTP/PSD) 24.1%; note - first round results for CARVALHO were revised downward from just over 50%, prompting the 7 August runoff; however, on 1 August DA COSTA withdrew from the runoff, citing voting irregularities"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "last held on 12 October 2014 (next expected in October 2018)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ADI 33, MLSTP-PSD 16, PCD-GR 5, other 1"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal Justica (consists of 5 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 5 judges, 3 of whom are from the Supreme Court)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the president of the republic and elected by the National Assembly for 5-year terms"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Court of First Instance; Audit Court"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "Democratic Movement of Forces for Change or MDFM [Fradigue Bandeira Melo DE MENEZES] ++ Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Patrice TROVOADA] ++ Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Aurelio MARTINS] ++ Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Leonel Mario D'ALVA] ++ other small parties"
    },
    "Political pressure groups and leaders": {
      "text": "Association of Sao Tome and Principe NGOs or FONG",
      "other": {
        "text": "the media"
      }
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CEMAC, CPLP, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Carlos Filomeno Azevedo Agostinho das NEVES (since 3 December 2013)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "675 Third Avenue, Suite 1807, New York, NY 10017"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (212) 651-8116"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (212) 651-8117"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the US Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands"
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; green stands for the country's rich vegetation, red recalls the struggle for independence, and yellow represents cocoa, one of the country's main agricultural products; the two stars symbolize the two main islands",
      "note": {
        "text": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia"
      }
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "palm tree; national colors: green, yellow, red, black"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Independencia total\" (Total Independence)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Alda Neves DA GRACA do Espirito Santo/Manuel dos Santos Barreto de Sousa e ALMEIDA"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "adopted 1975"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economy - overview": {
      "text": "This small, poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence in 1975. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement. Sao Tome and Principe has to import fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and food, making it vulnerable to fluctuations in global commodity prices. Maintaining control of inflation, fiscal discipline, and increasing flows of foreign direct investment into the oil sector are major economic problems facing the country. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. ++  ++ Over the years, Sao Tome and Principe has had difficulty servicing its external debt and has relied heavily on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. It benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries program, which helped bring down the country's $300 million debt burden. In August 2005, the government signed on to a new 3-year IMF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility program worth $4.3 million. In April 2011, the country completed a Threshold Country Program with The Millennium Challenge Corporation to help increase tax revenues, reform customs, and improve the business environment. ++  ++ Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. Potential also exists for the development of petroleum resources in Sao Tome and Principe's territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea, which are being jointly developed in a 60-40 split with Nigeria, but any actual production is at least several years off."
    },
    "GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "text": "$694 million (2016 est.) ++ $667.3 million (2015 est.) ++ $641.6 million (2014 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2016 dollars"
      }
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$351 million (2015 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - real growth rate": {
      "text": "4% (2016 est.) ++ 4% (2015 est.) ++ 4.5% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
      "text": "$3,300 (2016 est.) ++ $3,300 (2015 est.) ++ $3,200 (2014 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2016 dollars"
      }
    },
    "Gross national saving": {
      "text": "19.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 16% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 3.7% of GDP (2014 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "85.2%"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "14.9%"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "48.5%"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "0.5%"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "9.6%"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-58.7% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "22.4%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "10.3%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "67.4% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agriculture - products": {
      "text": "cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish processing, timber"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "4.5% (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "70,620 (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "note": {
        "text": "population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; shortages of skilled workers"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "text": "13.5% (2014 est.) ++ 13.7% (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "66.2% (2009 est.)"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "NA%"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "NA%"
      }
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$108.6 million"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$127 million (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "30.9% of GDP (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-5.3% of GDP (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "text": "89.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 81.8% of GDP (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "text": "5.1% (2016 est.) ++ 5.3% (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Central bank discount rate": {
      "text": "16% (31 December 2009) ++ 28% (31 December 2008)"
    },
    "Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
      "text": "15% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 15% (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of narrow money": {
      "text": "$71.57 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $63.82 million (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of broad money": {
      "text": "$139.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $126.6 million (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of domestic credit": {
      "text": "$73.47 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $72.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Market value of publicly traded shares": {
      "text": "$NA"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "text": "-$44 million (2016 est.) ++ -$55 million (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "text": "$11 million (2016 est.) ++ $11.3 million (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "Netherlands 29.2%, Belgium 22.4%, Spain 15.5%, US 6.6%, Nigeria 5.1% (2015)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "text": "$116.8 million (2016 est.) ++ $118.9 million (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "Portugal 65.2%, China 8.1%, Gabon 7.3% (2015)"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "text": "$68.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $72.86 million (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "text": "$236.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $219 million (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "text": "dobras (STD) per US dollar - ++ 22,624 (2016 est.) ++ 22,091 (2015 est.) ++ 22,091 (2014 est.) ++ 18,466 (2013 est.) ++ 19,068 (2012 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity - production": {
      "text": "70 million kWh (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - consumption": {
      "text": "65.1 million kWh (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - exports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2013)"
    },
    "Electricity - imports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
      "text": "20,000 kW (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
      "text": "75% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
      "text": "25% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - imports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - proved reserves": {
      "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2010 es)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
      "text": "1,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "1,001 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - production": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - consumption": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - exports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - imports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - proved reserves": {
      "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2014 es)"
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": {
      "text": "100,000 Mt (2013 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "7,000"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "4 (July 2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total": {
        "text": "132,000"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "68 (July 2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephone system": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "local telephone network of adequate quality with most lines connected to digital switches"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 70 telephones per 100 persons"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 239; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "1 government-owned TV station; 1 government-owned radio station; 3 independent local radio stations authorized in 2005 with 2 operating at the end of 2006; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".st"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "50,000"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "25.8% (July 2015 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "National air transport system": {
      "number of registered air carriers": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "50,716"
      },
      "annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "0 mt-km (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "S9 (2016)"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "text": "2 (2013)"
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "1 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "320 km"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "218 km"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "102 km (2000)"
      }
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "3"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "bulk carrier 1, cargo 2"
      },
      "foreign-owned": {
        "text": "2 (China 1, Greece 1) (2010)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "major seaport(s)": {
        "text": "Sao Tome"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military branches": {
      "text": "Armed Forces of Sao Tome and Principe (Forcas Armadas de Sao Tome e Principe, FASTP): Army, Coast Guard of Sao Tome e Principe (Guarda Costeira de Sao Tome e Principe, GCSTP; also called \"Navy\"), Presidential Guard, National Guard (2015)"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service; 17 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service (2012)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "Sao Tome and Principe's army is a tiny force with almost no resources at its disposal and would be wholly ineffective operating unilaterally; infantry equipment is considered simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or replacement after 25 years in tropical climates; poor pay, working conditions, and alleged nepotism in the promotion of officers have been problems in the past, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003 coups; these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance aimed at improving the army and its focus on realistic security concerns; command is exercised from the president, through the Minister of Defense, to the Chief of the Armed Forces (infantry, technical issues) and the Chief of the General Staff (logistics, administration, finances) (2012)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "none"
    }
  }
}