{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent communist state under the strong hand of Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands, along with a majority of Croatia's ethnic Serb population. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. The country joined NATO in April 2009 and the EU in July 2013."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "45 10 N, 15 30 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Europe"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "56,594 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "55,974 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "620 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "slightly smaller than West Virginia"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "2,237 km"
      },
      "border countries": {
        "text": "Bosnia and Herzegovina 956 km, Hungary 348 km, Montenegro 19 km, Serbia 314 km, Slovenia 600 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "continental shelf": {
        "text": "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "mean elevation": {
        "text": "331 m"
      },
      "elevation extremes": {
        "text": "lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m ++ highest point: Dinara 1,831 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "23.7% ++ arable land 16%; permanent crops 1.5%; permanent pasture 6.2%"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "34.4%"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "41.9% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "240 sq km (2012)"
    },
    "Population - distribution": {
      "text": "more of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands are sparsely populated"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "destructive earthquakes"
    },
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; landmine removal and reconstruction of infrastructure consequent to 1992-95 civil strife"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "none of the selected agreements"
      }
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "text": "4,313,707 (July 2016 est.)"
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Croat(s), Croatian(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Croatian"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Croat 90.4%, Serb 4.4%, other 4.4% (including Bosniak, Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Roma), unspecified 0.8% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "Croatian (official) 95.6%, Serbian 1.2%, other 3% (including Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and Albanian), unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Roman Catholic 86.3%, Orthodox 4.4%, Muslim 1.5%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.5%, not religious or atheist 3.8% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "14.22% (male 315,971/female 297,339)"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "11.4% (male 252,285/female 239,634)"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "40.75% (male 878,971/female 878,707)"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "14.83% (male 312,621/female 326,929)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "18.81% (male 320,418/female 490,832) (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "51.1%"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "22.5%"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "28.6%"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "3.5% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "42.7 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "40.8 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "44.8 years (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "-0.5% (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "9 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "12.1 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "more of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands are sparsely populated"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "59% of total population (2015)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0.11% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "ZAGREB (capital) 687,000 (2015)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "1 male(s)/female"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "0.96 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.69 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.93 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Mother's mean age at first birth": {
      "text": "28 (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Maternal mortality rate": {
      "text": "8 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "9.5 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "9.2 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "9.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "75.9 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "72.7 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "79.2 years (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "1.39 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Health expenditures": {
      "text": "7.8% of GDP (2014)"
    },
    "Physicians density": {
      "text": "2.84 physicians/1,000 population (2011)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "5.9 beds/1,000 population (2014)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 99.6% of population ++ rural: 99.7% of population ++ total: 99.6% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 0.4% of population ++ rural: 0.3% of population ++ total: 0.4% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 97.8% of population ++ rural: 95.8% of population ++ total: 97% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 2.2% of population ++ rural: 4.2% of population ++ total: 3% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Major infectious diseases": {
      "degree of risk": {
        "text": "intermediate"
      },
      "vectorborne diseases": {
        "text": "tickborne encephalitis (2016)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "25.6% (2014)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "4.6% of GDP (2013)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "99.3%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "99.7%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "98.9% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "15 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "15 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "16 years (2014)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
      "total": {
        "text": "45.5%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "44.9%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "46.4% (2014 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Republic of Croatia"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Croatia"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "Republika Hrvatska"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Hrvatska"
      },
      "former": {
        "text": "People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "name derives from the Croats, a Slavic tribe who migrated to the Balkans in the 7th century A.D."
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "parliamentary republic"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Zagreb"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "45 48 N, 16 00 E"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "daylight saving time": {
        "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular) with special county status; Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska(Bjelovar-Bilogora), Brodsko-Posavska (Brod-Posavina), Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka (Karlovac), Koprivnicko-Krizevacka (Koprivnica-Krizevci), Krapinsko-Zagorska (Krapina-Zagorje), Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska (Medimurje), Osjecko-Baranjska (Osijek-Baranja), Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska (Primorje-Gorski Kotar), Sibensko-Kninska (Sibenik-Knin), Sisacko-Moslavacka (Sisak-Moslavina), Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska (Varazdin), Viroviticko-Podravska (Virovitica-Podravina), Vukovarsko-Srijemska (Vukovar-Syrmia), Zadarska (Zadar), Zagreb*, Zagrebacka (Zagreb county)"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 8 October (1991) and Statehood Day, 25 June (1991); note - 25 June 1991 was the day the Croatian parliament voted for independence; following a three-month moratorium to allow the European Community to solve the Yugoslav crisis peacefully, parliament adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1990"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "proposed by at least one-fifth of the members in the Assembly, by the president of the republic, by the Government of Croatia, or by petition of 10 percent of total number of voters; proceedings to amend require majority vote of all Assembly members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of all Assembly members; passage of amendments by petition requires a majority vote in a popular referendum; promulgation by the Assembly; amended several times, last in 2014 (2016)"
      }
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "civil law system influenced by legal heritage of Austria-Hungary; note - Croatian law was fully harmonized with the European Community acquis as of the June 2010 completion of EU accession negotiations"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Croatia"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "5 years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (since 19 February 2015)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister Andrej PLENKOVIC (since 19 October 2016); Deputy Prime Ministers Davor Ivo STIER, Damir KRSTICEVIC, Martina DALIC, Ivan KOVACIC (since 19 October 2016)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the Assembly"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 December 2014 and 11 January 2015 (next to be held in 2019); the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president and approved by the Assembly"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC elected president; percent of vote in the second round - Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (HDZ) 50.7%, Ivo JOSIPOVIC (Forward Croatia Progressive Alliance) 49.3%"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "unicameral Assembly or Hrvatski Sabor (151 seats; members directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method with a 5% threshold: 14 seats in each of 10 districts; 8 seats in a single nationwide district for minorities; 3 seats in a single special district for the Croatian diaspora, members elected for 4-year terms)"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "last held on 11 September 2016 (next to be held in September 2020) - Assembly voted on 20 June 2016 to dissolve on 15 July 2016, resulting in snap elections"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; number of seats by party/coalition - HDZ coalition 61, People's Coalition 54, Most-NL 13, Only Option 8, minorities 8 (includes SDSS 3), other 7"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "as of December 2016, seats by party - HDZ 56, SDP 37, MOST-NL 14, HNS 9, HSS 5, IDS 3, SDSS 3, HDS 2, PH 2, Human Blockade 2, other 7"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and vice president, 25 civil department justices, and 16 criminal department justices)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "president of Supreme Court nominated by president of Croatia and elected by Croatian Sabor for a 4-year term; other Supreme Court justices appointed by National Judicial Council; all judges serve until age 70"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Administrative Court; county, municipal, and specialized courts; note - there is an 11-member Constitutional Court with jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues but is outside Croatia's judicial system"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "Bloc of Pensioners Together or BUZ [Milivoj SPIKA] ++ Bridge of Independent Lists or Most-NL [Bozo PETROV] ++ Croatian Christian Democratic Party or HDS [Goran DODIG] ++ Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Dragan VULIN] ++ Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Andrej PLENKOVIC] ++ Croatian Laborists - Labor Party or HL [Tomislav KONCEVSKI] ++ Croatian Party of Rights - dr. Ante Starcevic or HSP AS [Ivan TEPES] ++ Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Kreso BELJAK] ++ Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA] ++ Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats or HNS [Ivan VRDOLJAK] ++ Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Darinko KOSOR] ++ Forward Croatia Progressive Alliance [Ivo JOSIPOVIC] ++ HDZ Coalition [Andrej PLENKOVIC] (includes HDZ, HSLS, HDS) (temporary electoral coalition) ++ Human Blockade [Ivan SINCIC] ++ Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC] ++ Independent List of Stipe Petrina or NLSP [Stipe PETRINA] ++ Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Boris MILETIC] ++ Istrian Democrats [Damir KAJIN] ++ Let's Change Croatia or PH [Ivan LOVRINOVIC] ++ Milan Bandic 365 - Party of Labor and Solidarity or BM365-SRS [Milan BANDIC] ++ Movement for Successful Croatia or HRAST [Ladislav ILCIC] ++ People's Coalition [Zoran MILANOVIC] (includes SDP, HNS, HSU, HSS] (temporary electoral coalition) ++ People's Party - Reformists Party [Radimir CACIC] ++ Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Zoran MILANOVIC] ++ The Only Option Coalition (includes Human Blockade, PH, Always Frankers, Youth Action, Alphabet of Democracy)"
    },
    "Political pressure groups and leaders": {
      "other": {
        "text": "human rights groups"
      }
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EMU, EU, FAO, G-11, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (observer), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Josip \"Josko\" PARO (since 20 April 2012)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 588-5899"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 588-8936"
      },
      "consulate(s) general": {
        "text": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Julieta Valls NOYES (since 5 October 2015)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "2 Thomas Jefferson Street, 10010 Zagreb"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "use embassy street address"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[385] (1) 661-2200"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[385] (1) 661-2373"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue - the Pan-Slav colors - superimposed by the Croatian coat of arms; the coat of arms consists of one main shield (a checkerboard of 13 red and 12 silver (white) fields) surmounted by five smaller shields that form a crown over the main shield; the five small shields represent five historic regions (from left to right): Croatia, Dubrovnik, Dalmatia, Istria, and Slavonia",
      "note": {
        "text": "the Pan-Slav colors were inspired by the 19th-century flag of Russia"
      }
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "red-white checkerboard; national colors: red, white, blue"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Lijepa nasa domovino\" (Our Beautiful Homeland)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Antun MIHANOVIC/Josip RUNJANIN"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "adopted 1972; \"Lijepa nasa domovino,\" whose lyrics were written in 1835, served as an unofficial anthem beginning in 1891"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economy - overview": {
      "text": "Though still one of the wealthiest of the former Yugoslav republics, Croatia's economy suffered badly during the 1991-95 war. The country's output during that time collapsed, and Croatia missed the early waves of investment in Central and Eastern Europe that followed the fall of the Berlin Wall. Between 2000 and 2007, however, Croatia's economic fortunes began to improve with moderate but steady GDP growth between 4% and 6% led by a rebound in tourism and credit-driven consumer spending. Inflation over the same period remained tame and the currency, the kuna, stable. ++  ++ Croatia experienced an abrupt slowdown in the economy in 2008 and has yet to recover; economic growth was stagnant or negative in each year since 2009. Difficult problems still remain including a stubbornly high unemployment rate, uneven regional development, and a challenging investment climate. Croatia continues to face reduced foreign investment. ++  ++ On 1 July 2013, Croatia joined the EU, following a decade-long application process. Croatia will be a member of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism until it meets the criteria for joining the Economic and Monetary Union and adopts the euro as its currency. EU accession has increased pressure on the government to reduce Croatia’s relatively high public debt, which triggered the EU’s excessive deficit procedure for fiscal consolidation. Zagreb has cut spending since 2012, and the government also raised additional revenues through more stringent tax collection and by raising the value-added tax. The government has also sought to accelerate privatization of non-strategic assets, with mixed success."
    },
    "GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "text": "$94.24 billion (2016 est.) ++ $92.48 billion (2015 est.) ++ $90.98 billion (2014 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2016 dollars"
      }
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$49.86 billion (2015 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - real growth rate": {
      "text": "1.9% (2016 est.) ++ 1.6% (2015 est.) ++ -0.4% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
      "text": "$22,400 (2016 est.) ++ $21,900 (2015 est.) ++ $21,500 (2014 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2016 dollars"
      }
    },
    "Gross national saving": {
      "text": "21.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 23.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 19% of GDP (2014 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "59.1%"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "19.3%"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "19.1%"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "-0.4%"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "50.8%"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-47.9% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "4.2%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "26.6%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "69.2% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agriculture - products": {
      "text": "arable crops (wheat, corn, barley, sugar beet, sunflower, rapeseed, alfalfa, clover); vegetables (potatoes, cabbage, onion, tomato, pepper); fruits (apples, plum, mandarins, olives), grapes for wine; livestock (cattle, cows, pigs); dairy products"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "3.5% (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "1.61 million (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "1.9%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "27.6%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "70.4% (2014)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "text": "15.8% (2016 est.) ++ 17.1% (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "19.5% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "3.3%"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "27.5% (2008 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Distribution of family income - Gini index": {
      "text": "32 (2010) ++ 29 (1998)"
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$21.47 billion"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$22.72 billion (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "43.1% of GDP (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-2.5% of GDP (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "text": "88.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 86.7% of GDP (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "text": "-1% (2016 est.) ++ -0.5% (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Central bank discount rate": {
      "text": "7% (31 December 2013) ++ 7% (31 December 2012)"
    },
    "Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
      "text": "4.8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 5.83% (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of narrow money": {
      "text": "$10.85 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $10.11 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of broad money": {
      "text": "$42.36 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $41.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of domestic credit": {
      "text": "$40.07 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $42.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Market value of publicly traded shares": {
      "text": "$36.29 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $33.75 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $33.44 billion (31 December 2012 est.)"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "text": "$1.514 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.551 billion (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "text": "$12.41 billion (2016 est.) ++ $11.91 billion (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "transport equipment, machinery, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "Italy 13.4%, Slovenia 12.5%, Germany 11.4%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.9%, Austria 6.6%, Serbia 4.9% (2015)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "text": "$19.98 billion (2016 est.) ++ $19.28 billion (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "machinery, transport and electrical equipment; chemicals, fuels and lubricants; foodstuffs"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "Germany 15.5%, Italy 13.1%, Slovenia 10.7%, Austria 9.2%, Hungary 7.8% (2015)"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "text": "$14.46 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $14.97 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "text": "$48.11 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $50.88 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
      "text": "$41.17 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $39.74 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
      "text": "$8.484 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $8.05 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "text": "kuna (HRK) per US dollar - ++ 6.971 (2016 est.) ++ 6.8583 (2015 est.) ++ 6.8583 (2014 est.) ++ 5.7482 (2013 est.) ++ 5.85 (2012 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity - production": {
      "text": "13 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - consumption": {
      "text": "16.97 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - exports": {
      "text": "2.866 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - imports": {
      "text": "6.592 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
      "text": "4.4 million kW (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
      "text": "37.1% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
      "text": "7.7% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
      "text": "48.5% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
      "text": "6.6% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - production": {
      "text": "12,420 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - imports": {
      "text": "37,300 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - proved reserves": {
      "text": "71 million bbl (1 January 2016 es)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "56,650 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
      "text": "70,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "29,060 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "32,890 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - production": {
      "text": "1.363 billion cu m (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - consumption": {
      "text": "2.81 billion cu m (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - exports": {
      "text": "422 million cu m (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - imports": {
      "text": "1.089 billion cu m (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - proved reserves": {
      "text": "24.92 billion cu m (1 January 2016 es)"
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": {
      "text": "19 million Mt (2013 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "1,476,506"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "33 (July 2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total": {
        "text": "4.416 million"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "99 (July 2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephone system": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "the telecommunications network has improved steadily since the mid-1990s, covering much of what were once inaccessible areas; local lines are digital"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "fixed-line teledensity has droped somewhat to about 35 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions now even with the population"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 385; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk lin (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "the national state-owned public broadcaster, Croatian Radiotelevision, operates 4 terrestrial TV networks, a satellite channel that rebroadcasts programs for Croatians living abroad, and 6 regional TV centers; 2 private broadcasters operate national terre (2012)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".hr"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "3.117 million"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "69.8% (July 2015 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "National air transport system": {
      "number of registered air carriers": {
        "text": "3"
      },
      "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
        "text": "46"
      },
      "annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "1,782,666"
      },
      "annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "775,320 mt-km (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "9A (2016)"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "text": "69 (2013)"
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "24"
      },
      "over 3,047 m": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
        "text": "6"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "3"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "3"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": "10 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "45"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "6"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": "38 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Heliports": {
      "text": "1 (2013)"
    },
    "Pipelines": {
      "text": "gas 2,410 km; oil 610 km (2011)"
    },
    "Railways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "2,722 km"
      },
      "standard gauge": {
        "text": "2,722 km 1.435-m gauge (985 km electrified) (2014)"
      }
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "26,958 km (includes 1,416 km of expressways) (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Waterways": {
      "text": "785 km (2009)"
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "77"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "bulk carrier 24, cargo 7, chemical tanker 8, passenger/cargo 27, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 1"
      },
      "foreign-owned": {
        "text": "2 (Norway 2)"
      },
      "registered in other countries": {
        "text": "31 (Bahamas 1, Belize 1, Liberia 1, Malta 6, Marshall Islands 12, Panama 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8) (2010)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "major seaport(s)": {
        "text": "Ploce, Rijeka, Sibernik, Split"
      },
      "river port(s)": {
        "text": "Vukovar (Danube)"
      },
      "oil terminal(s)": {
        "text": "Omisalj"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military branches": {
      "text": "Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (Oruzane Snage Republike Hrvatske, OSRH) consists of five major commands directly subordinate to a General Staff: Ground Forces (Hrvatska Kopnena Vojska, HKoV), Naval Forces (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica, HRM; includes coast guard), Air Force and Air Defense Command (Hrvatsko Ratno Zrakoplovstvo I Protuzracna Obrana), Joint Education and Training Command, Logistics Command; Military Police Force supports each of the three Croatian military forces (2012)"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; 6-month service obligation (2012)"
    },
    "Military expenditures": {
      "text": "1.38% of GDP (2015) ++ 1.41% of GDP (2014) ++ 1.47% of GDP (2013) ++ 1.7% of GDP (2012) ++ 1.77% of GDP (2011)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "dispute remains with Bosnia and Herzegovina over several small sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinders ratification of the 1999 border agreement; since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Pirin Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led to Slovenia lifting its objections to Croatia joining the EU; Slovenia continues to impose a hard border Schengen regime with Croatia, which joined the EU in 2013 but has not yet fulfilled Schengen requirements"
    },
    "Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
      "stateless persons": {
        "text": "2,873 (2015)"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "658,036 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (2015 - March 2016)"
      }
    },
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe; has been used as a transit point for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe (2008)"
    }
  }
}