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The Ghostscript Imposition¶
Imposition is one of the fundamental steps in the prepress printing process. It consists of the arrangement of the printed product’s pages on the printer’s sheet, in order to obtain faster printing, simplify binding and reduce paper waste.
Correct imposition minimizes printing time by maximizing the number of pages per impression, reducing cost of press time and materials. To achieve this, the printed sheet must be filled as fully as possible.
Paged media: A timeline¶
1980s
1990s
Dave Raggett's Touch of Style tutorial from/updated 2002, is a good introduction to and reflection on using CSS for the web -- notice there's almost no discussion of print -- it's all about how pages get rendered online, aka in a web browser. This is still the focus of CSS today... but...
TODAY
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS
CSS3 includes an extensive Paged Media Specification describing how CSS can be also used to render "paged media" (ie when printed or saved as PDF). Most browsers do not implement these rules (except in some cases when you print a page). The Weasyprint python library implements some of these guidelines.
The "UNIX" philosophy of small tools composed together (and the pipeline)¶
Use the !shell¶
Jupyter (and ipython before it) supports the use of shell commands fluidly along side your python code. When the line starts with a ! (the exclamation point, often called bang by command line users), the command is interpreted as a shell command and performed, the results displayed below, just like with python code. Note that the shell has different rules about what a good structure is. In any case the first word is the name of a command...
In [1]:
!date
Wed 28 Oct 2020 09:10:50 PM CET
In [2]:
!whoami
mb
In [3]:
!ls
aalib-pdf.ipynb nltk-tfidf.ipynb ASCII-canvas-to-PDF.ipynb patches ASCII-canvas-to-PDF.pdf patterns-generating.ipynb ASCII-patch-making.ipynb patterns-searching-for.ipynb ASCII-quilt.ipynb PIL-basics.ipynb ASCII-quilt-making.ipynb pillow_imagedraw.ipynb ASCII-QUILT.pdf py Concordance_Patches python-cheatsheet.ipynb concordance_quilt.ipynb quilt.ipynb dictionary-step-by-step.ipynb quilts fonts reportlab-canvas-A4-bag-of-words.ipynb hotseat.ipynb reportlab-canvas-A4-bag-of-words.pdf img reportlab-cheatsheet.ipynb json-dataset.json reportlab_tests.ipynb json-making-datasets.ipynb TheGhostscriptImposition.ipynb mydocument.pdf txt nltk-frequency-distribution.ipynb untitled.txt NLTKing.ipynb weasyprint.ipynb nltk-pos-tagger.ipynb weasyprint-test.pdf nltk-similar-words.ipynb WordNet-synsets.ipynb
An zine introduction to the terminal¶
MAN oh MAN¶
A very important concept from the UNIX / Linux / Libre software world is that documentation ought to be seen as an full part of the distribution of software. When software is installed, it often installs a so-called "man page" (for manual). You can then read the manual with the "man" command followed by the command you are interested in...
In [4]:
!man gs
GS(1) Ghostscript GS(1)
NAME
gs - Ghostscript (PostScript and PDF language interpreter and pre‐
viewer)
SYNOPSIS
gs [ options ] [ files ] ...
DESCRIPTION
The gs command invokes Ghostscript, an interpreter of Adobe Systems'
PostScript(tm) and Portable Document Format (PDF) languages. gs reads
"files" in sequence and executes them as Ghostscript programs. After
doing this, it reads further input from the standard input stream (nor‐
mally the keyboard), interpreting each line separately and output to an
output device (may be a file or an X11 window preview, see below). The
interpreter exits gracefully when it encounters the "quit" command (ei‐
ther in a file or from the keyboard), at end-of-file, or at an inter‐
rupt signal (such as Control-C at the keyboard).
The interpreter recognizes many option switches, some of which are de‐
scribed below. Please see the usage documentation for complete informa‐
tion. Switches may appear anywhere in the command line and apply to all
files thereafter. Invoking Ghostscript with the -h or -? switch pro‐
duces a message which shows several useful switches, all the devices
known to that executable, and the search path for fonts; on Unix it
also shows the location of detailed documentation.
Ghostscript may be built to use many different output devices. To see
which devices your executable includes, run "gs -h".
Unless you specify a particular device, Ghostscript normally opens the
first one of those and directs output to it.
If you have installed the ghostscript-x Debian package and are under X,
the default device is an X11 window (previewer), else ghostscript will
use the bbox device and print on stdout the dimension of the postscript
file.
So if the first one in the list is the one you want to use, just issue
the command
gs myfile.ps
You can also check the set of available devices from within Ghost‐
script: invoke Ghostscript and type
devicenames ==
but the first device on the resulting list may not be the default de‐
vice you determine with "gs -h". To specify "AbcXyz" as the initial
output device, include the switch
-sDEVICE=AbcXyz
For example, for output to an Epson printer you might use the command
gs -sDEVICE=epson myfile.ps
The "-sDEVICE=" switch must precede the first mention of a file to
print, and only the switch's first use has any effect.
Finally, you can specify a default device in the environment variable
GS_DEVICE. The order of precedence for these alternatives from highest
to lowest (Ghostscript uses the device defined highest in the list) is:
Some devices can support different resolutions (densities). To specify
the resolution on such a printer, use the "-r" switch:
gs -sDEVICE=<device> -r<xres>x<yres>
For example, on a 9-pin Epson-compatible printer, you get the lowest-
density (fastest) mode with
gs -sDEVICE=epson -r60x72
and the highest-density (best output quality) mode with
gs -sDEVICE=epson -r240x72.
If you select a printer as the output device, Ghostscript also allows
you to choose where Ghostscript sends the output -- on Unix systems,
usually to a temporary file. To send the output to a file "foo.xyz",
use the switch
-sOutputFile=foo.xyz
You might want to print each page separately. To do this, send the
output to a series of files "foo1.xyz, foo2.xyz, ..." using the "-sOut‐
putFile=" switch with "%d" in a filename template:
-sOutputFile=foo%d.xyz
Each resulting file receives one page of output, and the files are num‐
bered in sequence. "%d" is a printf format specification; you can also
use a variant like "%02d".
You can also send output to a pipe. For example, to pipe output to the
"lpr" command (which, on many Unix systems, directs it to a printer),
use the option
-sOutputFile=%pipe%lpr
You can also send output to standard output:
-sOutputFile=-
or
-sOutputFile=%stdout%
In this case you must also use the -q switch, to prevent Ghostscript
from writing messages to standard output.
To select a specific paper size, use the command line switch
-sPAPERSIZE=<paper_size>
for instance
-sPAPERSIZE=a4
or
-sPAPERSIZE=legal
Most ISO and US paper sizes are recognized. See the usage documentation
for a full list, or the definitions in the initialization file
"gs_statd.ps".
Ghostscript can do many things other than print or view PostScript and
PDF files. For example, if you want to know the bounding box of a
PostScript (or EPS) file, Ghostscript provides a special "device" that
just prints out this information.
For example, using one of the example files distributed with Ghost‐
script,
gs -sDEVICE=bbox golfer.ps
prints out
%%BoundingBox: 0 25 583 732
%%HiResBoundingBox: 0.808497 25.009496 582.994503 731.809445
OPTIONS
-- filename arg1 ...
Takes the next argument as a file name as usual, but takes all
remaining arguments (even if they have the syntactic form of
switches) and defines the name "ARGUMENTS" in "userdict" (not
"systemdict") as an array of those strings, before running the
file. When Ghostscript finishes executing the file, it exits
back to the shell.
-Dname=token
-dname=token
Define a name in "systemdict" with the given definition. The
token must be exactly one token (as defined by the "token" oper‐
ator) and may contain no whitespace.
-Dname
-dname Define a name in "systemdict" with value=null.
-Sname=string
-sname=string
Define a name in "systemdict" with a given string as value.
This is different from -d. For example, -dname=35 is equivalent
to the program fragment
/name 35 def
whereas -sname=35 is equivalent to
/name (35) def
-P Makes Ghostscript to look first in the current directory for li‐
brary files. By default, Ghostscript no longer looks in the
current directory, unless, of course, the first explicitly sup‐
plied directory is "." in -I. See also the INITIALIZATION FILES
section below, and bundled Use.htm for detailed discussion on
search paths and how Ghostcript finds files.
-q Quiet startup: suppress normal startup messages, and also do the
equivalent of -dQUIET.
-gnumber1xnumber2
Equivalent to -dDEVICEWIDTH=number1 and -dDEVICEHEIGHT=number2.
This is for the benefit of devices (such as X11 windows) that
require (or allow) width and height to be specified.
-rnumber
-rnumber1xnumber2
Equivalent to -dDEVICEXRESOLUTION=number1 and -dDEVICEYRESOLU‐
TION=number2. This is for the benefit of devices such as print‐
ers that support multiple X and Y resolutions. If only one num‐
ber is given, it is used for both X and Y resolutions.
-Idirectories
Adds the designated list of directories at the head of the
search path for library files.
- This is not really a switch, but indicates to Ghostscript that
standard input is coming from a file or a pipe and not interac‐
tively from the command line. Ghostscript reads from standard
input until it reaches end-of-file, executing it like any other
file, and then continues with processing the command line. When
the command line has been entirely processed, Ghostscript exits
rather than going into its interactive mode.
Note that the normal initialization file "gs_init.ps" makes "system‐
dict" read-only, so the values of names defined with -D, -d, -S, or -s
cannot be changed (although, of course, they can be superseded by defi‐
nitions in "userdict" or other dictionaries.)
SPECIAL NAMES
-dNOCACHE
Disables character caching. Useful only for debugging.
-dNOBIND
Disables the "bind" operator. Useful only for debugging.
-dNODISPLAY
Suppresses the normal initialization of the output device. This
may be useful when debugging.
-dNOPAUSE
Disables the prompt and pause at the end of each page. This may
be desirable for applications where another program is driving
Ghostscript.
-dNOPLATFONTS
Disables the use of fonts supplied by the underlying platform
(for instance X Windows). This may be needed if the platform
fonts look undesirably different from the scalable fonts.
-dSAFER
Restricts file operations the job can perform. Strongly recom‐
mended for spoolers, conversion scripts or other sensitive envi‐
ronments where a badly written or malicious PostScript program
code must be prevented from changing important files.
-dWRITESYSTEMDICT
Leaves "systemdict" writable. This is necessary when running
special utility programs, but is strongly discouraged as it by‐
passes normal Postscript security measures.
-sDEVICE=device
Selects an alternate initial output device, as described above.
-sOutputFile=filename
Selects an alternate output file (or pipe) for the initial out‐
put device, as described above.
SAFER MODE
The -dSAFER option disables the "deletefile" and "renamefile" operators
and prohibits opening piped commands ("%pipe%cmd"). Only "%stdout" and
"%stderr" can be opened for writing. It also disables reading from
files, except for "%stdin", files given as a command line argument, and
files contained in paths given by LIBPATH and FONTPATH or specified by
the system params /FontResourceDir and /GenericResourceDir.
This mode also sets the .LockSafetyParams parameter of the initial out‐
put device to protect against programs that attempt to write to files
using the OutputFile device parameter. Since the device parameters
specified on the command line, including OutputFile, are set prior to
SAFER mode, use of "-sOutputFile=..." on the command line is unre‐
stricted.
SAFER mode prevents changing the /GenericResourceDir, /FontResourceDir,
/SystemParamsPassword, and /StartJobPassword.
While SAFER mode is not the default, it is the default for many wrapper
scripts such as ps2pdf and may be the default in a subsequent release
of Ghostscript. Thus when running programs that need to open files or
set restricted parameters you should pass the -dNOSAFER command line
option or its synonym -dDELAYSAFER.
When running with -dNOSAFER it is possible to perform a "save" followed
by ".setsafe", execute a file or procedure in SAFER mode, and then use
"restore" to return to NOSAFER mode. In order to prevent the save ob‐
ject from being restored by the foreign file or procedure, the
".runandhide" operator should be used to hide the save object from the
restricted procedure.
FILES
The locations of many Ghostscript run-time files are compiled into the
executable when it is built. Run "gs -h" to find the location of
Ghostscript documentation on your system, from which you can get more
details. On a Debian system they are in /usr.
/usr/share/ghostscript/[0-9]*.[0.9]*/*
Startup files, utilities, and basic font definitions (where
[0-9]*.[0.9]* is the ghostscript version)
/usr/share/fonts/type1/gsfonts/*
More font definitions from the gsfonts package
/usr/share/doc/ghostscript/examples/*
Ghostscript demonstration files (if ghostscript-doc package is
installed)
/usr/share/doc/ghostscript/*
Diverse document files (may need to install ghostscript-doc
package)
INITIALIZATION FILES
When looking for the initialization files "gs_*.ps", the files related
to fonts, or the file for the "run" operator, Ghostscript first tries
to open the file with the name as given, using the current working di‐
rectory if no directory is specified. If this fails, and the file name
doesn't specify an explicit directory or drive (for instance, doesn't
contain "/" on Unix systems), Ghostscript tries directories in this or‐
der:
1. the directories specified by the -I switches in the command line
(see below), if any;
2. the directories specified by the GS_LIB environment variable, if
any;
3. the directories specified by the GS_LIB_DEFAULT macro in the Ghost‐
script makefile when the executable was built. GS_LIB_DEFAULT is
"/usr/share/ghostscript/[0-9]*.[0-9]*/lib" on a Debian system where
"[0-9]*.[0-9]*" represents the Ghostscript version number
Each of these (GS_LIB_DEFAULT, GS_LIB, and -I parameter) may be either
a single directory or a list of directories separated by ":".
ENVIRONMENT
GS_OPTIONS
String of options to be processed before the command line op‐
tions
GS_DEVICE
Used to specify an output device
GS_FONTPATH
Path names used to search for fonts
GS_LIB Path names for initialization files and fonts
TEMP Where temporary files are made
X RESOURCES
Ghostscript, or more properly the X11 display device, looks for the
following resources under the program name "Ghostscript":
borderWidth
The border width in pixels (default = 1).
borderColor
The name of the border color (default = black).
geometry
The window size and placement, WxH+X+Y (default is NULL).
xResolution
The number of x pixels per inch (default is computed from
WidthOfScreen and WidthMMOfScreen).
yResolution
The number of y pixels per inch (default is computed from
HeightOfScreen and HeightMMOfScreen).
useBackingPixmap
Determines whether backing store is to be used for saving dis‐
play window (default = true).
See the usage document for a more complete list of resources. To set
these resources on Unix, put them in a file such as "~/.Xresources" in
the following form:
Ghostscript*geometry: 612x792-0+0
Ghostscript*xResolution: 72
Ghostscript*yResolution: 72
Then merge these resources into the X server's resource database:
% xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources
SEE ALSO
The various Ghostscript document files (above), especially Use.htm. On
Debian you may need to install ghostscript-doc before reading the docu‐
mentation.
BUGS
See http://bugs.ghostscript.com/ and the Usenet news group
comp.lang.postscript.
VERSION
This document was last revised for Ghostscript version 9.27.
AUTHOR
Artifex Software, Inc. are the primary maintainers of Ghostscript.
Russell J. Lang, gsview at ghostgum.com.au, is the author of most of
the MS Windows code in Ghostscript.
9.27 4 April 2019 GS(1)
If you read the manual on the man command itself (type man man)... You see it supports different output formats. The -t option outputs in the Postscript language.
In [5]:
!man -t gs
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.22.4
%%CreationDate: Wed Oct 28 20:11:56 2020
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 4
%%Pages: 6
%%PageOrder: Ascend
%%DocumentMedia: Default 595 842 0 () ()
%%Orientation: Portrait
%%EndComments
%%BeginDefaults
%%PageMedia: Default
%%EndDefaults
%%BeginProlog
%%BeginResource: procset grops 1.22 4
%!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-ProcSet
/setpacking where{
pop
currentpacking
true setpacking
}if
/grops 120 dict dup begin
/SC 32 def
/A/show load def
/B{0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def
/C{0 exch ashow}bind def
/D{0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def
/E{0 rmoveto show}bind def
/F{0 rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def
/G{0 rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def
/H{0 rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def
/I{0 exch rmoveto show}bind def
/J{0 exch rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def
/K{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def
/L{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def
/M{rmoveto show}bind def
/N{rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def
/O{rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def
/P{rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def
/Q{moveto show}bind def
/R{moveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def
/S{moveto 0 exch ashow}bind def
/T{moveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def
/SF{
findfont exch
[exch dup 0 exch 0 exch neg 0 0]makefont
dup setfont
[exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def
}bind def
/MF{
findfont
[5 2 roll
0 3 1 roll
neg 0 0]makefont
dup setfont
[exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def
}bind def
/level0 0 def
/RES 0 def
/PL 0 def
/LS 0 def
/MANUAL{
statusdict begin/manualfeed true store end
}bind def
/PLG{
gsave newpath clippath pathbbox grestore
exch pop add exch pop
}bind def
/BP{
/level0 save def
1 setlinecap
1 setlinejoin
DEFS/BPhook known{DEFS begin BPhook end}if
72 RES div dup scale
LS{
90 rotate
}{
0 PL translate
}ifelse
1 -1 scale
}bind def
/EP{
level0 restore
showpage
}def
/DA{
newpath arcn stroke
}bind def
/SN{
transform
.25 sub exch .25 sub exch
round .25 add exch round .25 add exch
itransform
}bind def
/DL{
SN
moveto
SN
lineto stroke
}bind def
/DC{
newpath 0 360 arc closepath
}bind def
/TM matrix def
/DE{
TM currentmatrix pop
translate scale newpath 0 0 .5 0 360 arc closepath
TM setmatrix
}bind def
/RC/rcurveto load def
/RL/rlineto load def
/ST/stroke load def
/MT/moveto load def
/CL/closepath load def
/Fr{
setrgbcolor fill
}bind def
/setcmykcolor where{
pop
/Fk{
setcmykcolor fill
}bind def
}if
/Fg{
setgray fill
}bind def
/FL/fill load def
/LW/setlinewidth load def
/Cr/setrgbcolor load def
/setcmykcolor where{
pop
/Ck/setcmykcolor load def
}if
/Cg/setgray load def
/RE{
findfont
dup maxlength 1 index/FontName known not{1 add}if dict begin
{
1 index/FID ne
2 index/UniqueID ne
and
{def}{pop pop}ifelse
}forall
/Encoding exch def
dup/FontName exch def
currentdict end definefont pop
}bind def
/DEFS 0 def
/EBEGIN{
moveto
DEFS begin
}bind def
/EEND/end load def
/CNT 0 def
/level1 0 def
/PBEGIN{
/level1 save def
translate
div 3 1 roll div exch scale
neg exch neg exch translate
0 setgray
0 setlinecap
1 setlinewidth
0 setlinejoin
10 setmiterlimit
[]0 setdash
/setstrokeadjust where{
pop
false setstrokeadjust
}if
/setoverprint where{
pop
false setoverprint
}if
newpath
/CNT countdictstack def
userdict begin
/showpage{}def
/setpagedevice{}def
mark
}bind def
/PEND{
cleartomark
countdictstack CNT sub{end}repeat
level1 restore
}bind def
end def
/setpacking where{
pop
setpacking
}if
%%EndResource
%%EndProlog
%%BeginSetup
%%BeginFeature: *PageSize Default
<< /PageSize [ 595 842 ] /ImagingBBox null >> setpagedevice
%%EndFeature
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72
def/PL 841.89 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron
/Zcaron/scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/Euro/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent
/ampersand/quoteright/parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/hyphen
/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon
/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O
/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright/circumflex
/underscore/quoteleft/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y
/z/braceleft/bar/braceright/tilde/.notdef/quotesinglbase/guillemotleft
/guillemotright/bullet/florin/fraction/perthousand/dagger/daggerdbl
/endash/emdash/ff/fi/fl/ffi/ffl/dotlessi/dotlessj/grave/hungarumlaut
/dotaccent/breve/caron/ring/ogonek/quotedblleft/quotedblright/oe/lslash
/quotedblbase/OE/Lslash/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen
/brokenbar/section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guilsinglleft
/logicalnot/minus/registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior
/threesuperior/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior
/ordmasculine/guilsinglright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters
/questiondown/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE
/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex
/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis
/multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn
/germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla
/egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis
/eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash
/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def
/Times-Italic@0 ENC0/Times-Italic RE/Times-Bold@0 ENC0/Times-Bold RE
/Times-Roman@0 ENC0/Times-Roman RE
%%EndSetup
%%Page: 1 1
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 184.005(GS\(1\) Ghostscript GS\(1\))72 48 R/F1
10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.219(NA)72 84 S(ME).219 E F0
(gs \255 Ghostscript \(PostScript and PDF language interpreter and pre)
108 96 Q(vie)-.25 E(wer\))-.25 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 112.8 Q/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(gs)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(options)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F3(\214les)A F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(..)-2.5 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 141.6 Q F0(The)108 153.6 Q F2(gs)4.175 E F0 1.675
(command in)4.175 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(s).1 E F2(Ghostscript)4.175
E F0 4.175(,a)C 4.175(ni)-4.175 G 1.675(nterpreter of Adobe Systems')
-4.175 F F2 -.2(Po)4.175 G(stScript).2 E F0 1.675(\(tm\) and)B F2 -.2
(Po)4.175 G(rtable).2 E .875(Document F)108 165.6 R(ormat)-.25 E F0 .875
(\(PDF\) languages.)3.375 F F2(gs)5.875 E F0 .875
(reads "\214les" in sequence and e)3.375 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .875
(cutes them as Ghostscript pro-).15 F .071(grams. After doing this, it \
reads further input from the standard input stream \(normally the k)108
177.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G .07(board\), inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .693
(preting each line separately and output to an output de)108 189.6 R
.694(vice \(may be a \214le or an X11 windo)-.25 F 3.194(wp)-.25 G(re)
-3.194 E(vie)-.25 E 1.994 -.65(w, s)-.25 H(ee).65 E(belo)108 201.6 Q
.353(w\). The interpreter e)-.25 F .352(xits gracefully when it encount\
ers the "quit" command \(either in a \214le or from the)-.15 F -.1(ke)
108 213.6 S(yboard\), at end-of-\214le, or at an interrupt signal \(suc\
h as Control-C at the k)-.05 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(board\).).15 E .414
(The interpreter recognizes man)108 230.4 R 2.914(yo)-.15 G .414
(ption switches, some of which are described belo)-2.914 F 1.714 -.65
(w. P)-.25 H .414(lease see the usage).65 F .139
(documentation for complete information. Switches may appear an)108
242.4 R .138(ywhere in the command line and apply to)-.15 F .188
(all \214les thereafter)108 254.4 R 5.188(.I)-.55 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-5.188
H .189(king Ghostscript with the).4 F F2<ad68>2.689 E F0(or)2.689 E F2
<ad3f>2.689 E F0 .189(switch produces a message which sho)2.689 F .189
(ws se)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E 1.302
(useful switches, all the de)108 266.4 R 1.301(vices kno)-.25 F 1.301
(wn to that e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.301
(cutable, and the search path for fonts; on Unix it also).15 F(sho)108
278.4 Q(ws the location of detailed documentation.)-.25 E .891
(Ghostscript may be b)108 295.2 R .892(uilt to use man)-.2 F 3.392(yd)
-.15 G(if)-3.392 E .892(ferent output de)-.25 F 3.392(vices. T)-.25 F
3.392(os)-.8 G .892(ee which de)-3.392 F .892(vices your e)-.25 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .892(cutable in-).15 F(cludes, run ")108 307.2 Q F2(gs -h)A
F0(".)A .37(Unless you specify a particular de)108 324 R .37(vice, Ghos\
tscript normally opens the \214rst one of those and directs output)-.25
F(to it.)108 336 Q .572(If you ha)108 352.8 R .872 -.15(ve i)-.2 H .572
(nstalled the ghostscript-x Debian package and are under X, the def).15
F .572(ault de)-.1 F .573(vice is an X11 win-)-.25 F(do)108 364.8 Q
3.399(w\()-.25 G(pre)-3.399 E(vie)-.25 E .898
(wer\), else ghostscript will use the bbox de)-.25 F .898
(vice and print on stdout the dimension of the post-)-.25 F
(script \214le.)108 376.8 Q
(So if the \214rst one in the list is the one you w)108 393.6 Q
(ant to use, just issue the command)-.1 E(gs my\214le.ps)144 410.4 Q
-1.1(Yo)108 427.2 S 2.5(uc)1.1 G(an also check the set of a)-2.5 E -.25
(va)-.2 G(ilable de).25 E(vices from within Ghostscript: in)-.25 E -.2
(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke G).2 H(hostscript and type).1 E(de)144 444 Q
(vicenames ==)-.25 E -.2(bu)108 460.8 S 2.802(tt).2 G .302
(he \214rst de)-2.802 F .302
(vice on the resulting list may not be the def)-.25 F .302(ault de)-.1 F
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2.802(os)-.8 G(pec-)-2.802 E(ify "AbcXyz" as the initial output de)108
472.8 Q(vice, include the switch)-.25 E(\255sDEVICE=AbcXyz)144 489.6 Q
-.15(Fo)108 506.4 S 2.5(re).15 G
(xample, for output to an Epson printer you might use the command)-2.65
E(gs \255sDEVICE=epson my\214le.ps)144 523.2 Q .746(The "\255sDEVICE=" \
switch must precede the \214rst mention of a \214le to print, and only \
the switch')108 540 R 3.245<738c>-.55 G .745(rst use)-3.245 F(has an)108
552 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E(Finally)108 568.8 Q 3.452
(,y)-.65 G .952(ou can specify a def)-3.452 F .953(ault de)-.1 F .953
(vice in the en)-.25 F .953(vironment v)-.4 F(ariable)-.25 E F2
(GS_DEVICE)3.453 E F0 5.953(.T)C .953(he order of prece-)-5.953 F .637
(dence for these alternati)108 580.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.137(sf).15 G
.636(rom highest to lo)-3.137 F .636(west \(Ghostscript uses the de)-.25
F .636(vice de\214ned highest in the list\))-.25 F(is:)108 592.8 Q .473
(Some de)108 609.6 R .473(vices can support dif)-.25 F .473
(ferent resolutions \(densities\).)-.25 F 2.073 -.8(To s)5.473 H .474
(pecify the resolution on such a printer).8 F 2.974(,u)-.4 G(se)-2.974 E
(the "\255r" switch:)108 621.6 Q(gs \255sDEVICE=<de)144 638.4 Q
(vice> \255r<xres>x<yres>)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 655.2 S 2.5(re).15 G
(xample, on a 9-pin Epson-compatible printer)-2.65 E 2.5(,y)-.4 G
(ou get the lo)-2.5 E(west-density \(f)-.25 E(astest\) mode with)-.1 E
(gs \255sDEVICE=epson \255r60x72)144 672 Q
(and the highest-density \(best output quality\) mode with)108 688.8 Q
(gs \255sDEVICE=epson \255r240x72.)144 705.6 Q .478
(If you select a printer as the output de)108 722.4 R .478
(vice, Ghostscript also allo)-.25 F .477
(ws you to choose where Ghostscript sends)-.25 F 188.445(9.27 4)72 768 R
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(the output \255\255 on Unix systems, usually to a temporary \214le.)108
84 R 2.144 -.8(To s)5.544 H .544
(end the output to a \214le "foo.xyz", use the).8 F(switch)108 96 Q
(\255sOutputFile=foo.xyz)144 112.8 Q -1.1(Yo)108 129.6 S 3.644(um)1.1 G
1.144(ight w)-3.644 F 1.144(ant to print each page separately)-.1 F
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(his, send the output to a series of \214les "foo1.xyz,)-3.644 F(foo2.x\
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(Each resulting \214le recei)108 175.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.504(so).15 G
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F .005("%d" is a printf for)5.005 F(-)-.2 E
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266.4 Q(or)108 278.4 Q(\255sOutputFile=%stdout%)144 290.4 Q .204
(In this case you must also use the)108 307.2 R F1<ad71>2.704 E F0 .204
(switch, to pre)2.704 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .205
(nt Ghostscript from writing messages to standard out-).15 F(put.)108
319.2 Q 1.6 -.8(To s)108 336 T
(elect a speci\214c paper size, use the command line switch).8 E(-sP)144
352.8 Q(APERSIZE=<paper_size>)-.92 E(for instance)108 369.6 Q(-sP)144
386.4 Q(APERSIZE=a4)-.92 E(or)108 398.4 Q(-sP)144 410.4 Q(APERSIZE=le)
-.92 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l).05 E .362(Most ISO and US paper sizes are reco\
gnized. See the usage documentation for a full list, or the de\214nitio\
ns)108 427.2 R(in the initialization \214le "gs_statd.ps".)108 439.2 Q
.017(Ghostscript can do man)108 456 R 2.517(yt)-.15 G .018
(hings other than print or vie)-2.517 F 2.518(wP)-.25 G .018
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(xample, if you w)-2.668 F(ant)-.1 E 1.018(to kno)108 468 R 3.517(wt)
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(he bounding box of a PostScript \(or EPS\) \214le, Ghostscript pro)
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(ve t)-.2 H 1.609(he syntactic form of switches\) and de\214nes the nam\
e "ARGUMENTS" in "userdict" \(not).15 F .318
("systemdict"\) as an array of those strings,)144 624 R F1(bef)2.819 E
(or)-.25 E(e)-.18 E F0 .319(running the \214le.)2.819 F .319
(When Ghostscript \214nishes e)5.319 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E
(cuting the \214le, it e)144 636 Q(xits back to the shell.)-.15 E F1
<ad44>108 652.8 Q F3(name).36 E F1(=).18 E F3(tok).13 E(en)-.1 E F1
<ad64>108 664.8 Q F3(name).36 E F1(=).18 E F3(tok).13 E(en)-.1 E F0 .366
(De\214ne a name in "systemdict" with the gi)144 676.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.866(nd).15 G 2.866(e\214nition. The)-2.866 F(tok)2.866 E .365
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(De\214ne a name in "systemdict" with v)144 96 Q(alue=null.)-.25 E F1
<ad53>108 112.8 Q F2(name).36 E F1(=).18 E F2(string).34 E F1<ad73>108
124.8 Q F2(name).36 E F1(=).18 E F2(string).34 E F0 .444
(De\214ne a name in "systemdict" with a gi)144 136.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
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(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E(/name \(35\) def)180 184.8 Q
F1<ad50>108 201.6 Q F0(Mak)144 201.6 Q .157(es Ghostscript to look \214\
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(hostcript \214nds \214les.)-2.5 E F1<ad71>108 254.4 Q F0
(Quiet startup: suppress normal startup messages, and also do the equi)
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(.)A F1<ad67>108 271.2 Q F2(number1).36 E F1(x)A F2(number2).36 E F0
(Equi)144 283.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 1.915(lent to).25 F F1
(\255dDEVICEWIDTH=)4.415 E F2(number1)A F0(and)4.416 E F1
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(vices \(such as X11 windo)-.25 F .352(ws\) that require \(or allo)-.25
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<ad72>108 324 Q F2(number).36 E F1<ad72>108 336 Q F2(number1).36 E F1(x)
A F2(number2).36 E F0(Equi)144 348 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 1.337(lent to).25 F
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F(If only one number is gi)144 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
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F2(dir).35 E(ectories)-.37 E F0(Adds the designated list of directories\
at the head of the search path for library \214les.)144 400.8 Q F1<ad>
108 417.6 Q F0 .268(This is not really a switch, b)144 417.6 R .268(ut \
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-.2 F 2.763(ap)144 429.6 S .263(ipe and not interacti)-2.763 F -.15(ve)
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(Ghostscript reads from standard input until it)5.263 F .988
(reaches end-of-\214le, e)144 441.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .988(cuting it lik)
.15 F 3.488(ea)-.1 G 1.288 -.15(ny o)-3.488 H .989
(ther \214le, and then continues with processing the com-).15 F .345
(mand line.)144 453.6 R .345
(When the command line has been entirely processed, Ghostscript e)5.345
F .345(xits rather than go-)-.15 F(ing into its interacti)144 465.6 Q .3
-.15(ve m)-.25 H(ode.).15 E 1.074
(Note that the normal initialization \214le "gs_init.ps" mak)108 482.4 R
1.074(es "systemdict" read-only)-.1 F 3.574(,s)-.65 G 3.575(ot)-3.574 G
1.075(he v)-3.575 F 1.075(alues of names)-.25 F .601(de\214ned with)108
494.4 R F1<ad44>3.101 E F0(,)A F1<ad64>3.101 E F0(,)A F1<ad53>3.101 E F0
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/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPECIAL N)72 523.2 Q(AMES)-.219 E F1(\255dNOCA)108
535.2 Q(CHE)-.55 E F0(Disables character caching.)144 547.2 Q
(Useful only for deb)5 E(ugging.)-.2 E F1(\255dNOBIND)108 564 Q F0
(Disables the "bind" operator)144 576 Q 5(.U)-.55 G(seful only for deb)
-5 E(ugging.)-.2 E F1(\255dNODISPLA)108 592.8 Q(Y)-1 E F0
(Suppresses the normal initialization of the output de)144 604.8 Q 2.5
(vice. This)-.25 F(may be useful when deb)2.5 E(ugging.)-.2 E F1
(\255dNOP)108 621.6 Q -.5(AU)-.74 G(SE).5 E F0 1.144
(Disables the prompt and pause at the end of each page.)144 633.6 R
1.144(This may be desirable for applications)6.144 F
(where another program is dri)144 645.6 Q(ving Ghostscript.)-.25 E F1
(\255dNOPLA)108 662.4 Q(TFONTS)-.95 E F0 .187(Disables the use of fonts\
supplied by the underlying platform \(for instance X W)144 674.4 R
(indo)-.4 E .187(ws\). This may)-.25 F
(be needed if the platform fonts look undesirably dif)144 686.4 Q
(ferent from the scalable fonts.)-.25 E F1(\255dSAFER)108 703.2 Q F0
1.913(Restricts \214le operations the job can perform.)144 715.2 R 1.914
(Strongly recommended for spoolers, con)6.914 F -.15(ve)-.4 G(rsion).15
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(\255dWRITESYSTEMDICT)108 100.8 Q F0(Lea)144 112.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 4.336
(s").15 G 1.836(systemdict" writable.)-4.336 F 1.837
(This is necessary when running special utility programs, b)6.836 F
1.837(ut is)-.2 F(strongly discouraged as it bypasses normal Postscript\
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/Times-Italic@0 SF(de).35 E(vice)-.15 E F0
(Selects an alternate initial output de)144 153.6 Q
(vice, as described abo)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1
(\255sOutputFile=)108 170.4 Q F2(\214lename)1.91 E F0(Selects an altern\
ate output \214le \(or pipe\) for the initial output de)144 182.4 Q
(vice, as described abo)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95
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4.261 E F0 1.761(option disables the "delete\214le" and "rename\214le" \
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108 223.2 R F2(cmd)A F0 .067("\). Only "%stdout" and "%stderr" can be o\
pened for writing. It also disables read-)B 1.023(ing from \214les, e)
108 235.2 R 1.023(xcept for "%stdin", \214les gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
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-.25 G 2.906(nb).15 G 2.906(yL)-2.906 G(IBP)-2.906 E -1.11(AT)-.92 G
2.906(Ha)1.11 G .406(nd FONTP)-2.906 F -1.11(AT)-.92 G 2.906(Ho)1.11 G
2.906(rs)-2.906 G .406(peci\214ed by the system params /F)-2.906 F .407
(ontResourceDir and /GenericRe-)-.15 F(sourceDir)108 259.2 Q(.)-.55 E
1.168(This mode also sets the .LockSafetyP)108 276 R 1.167
(arams parameter of the initial output de)-.15 F 1.167
(vice to protect ag)-.25 F 1.167(ainst pro-)-.05 F 1.54
(grams that attempt to write to \214les using the OutputFile de)108 288
R 1.541(vice parameter)-.25 F 4.041(.S)-.55 G 1.541(ince the de)-4.041 F
1.541(vice parameters)-.25 F 1.715(speci\214ed on the command line, inc\
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300 R(File=..." on the command line is unrestricted.)108 312 Q 2.288
(SAFER mode pre)108 328.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.289
(nts changing the /GenericResourceDir).15 F 4.789(,/)-.4 G -.15(Fo)
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E(assw)-.15 E(ord,)-.1 E(and /StartJobP)108 340.8 Q(assw)-.15 E(ord.)-.1
E .134(While SAFER mode is not the def)108 357.6 R .134
(ault, it is the def)-.1 F .134(ault for man)-.1 F 2.634(yw)-.15 G .134
(rapper scripts such as ps2pdf and may be)-2.634 F .535(the def)108
369.6 R .536(ault in a subsequent release of Ghostscript.)-.1 F .536
(Thus when running programs that need to open \214les or)5.536 F .849
(set restricted parameters you should pass the)108 381.6 R F1
(\255dNOSAFER)3.349 E F0 .848(command line option or its synon)3.349 F
(ym)-.15 E F1(\255dDE-)3.348 E(LA)108 393.6 Q(YSAFER)-1 E F0(.)A .071
(When running with)108 410.4 R F1(\255dNOSAFER)2.571 E F0 .071
(it is possible to perform a "sa)2.571 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.571("f).15 G
(ollo)-2.571 E .071(wed by ".setsafe", e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .072
(cute a \214le or).15 F .841(procedure in SAFER mode, and then use "res\
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F -.15(ve)-.25 G .841(nt the).15 F(sa)108 434.4 Q .671 -.15(ve o)-.2 H
.372(bject from being restored by the foreign \214le or procedure, the \
".runandhide" operator should be used).15 F(to hide the sa)108 446.4 Q
.3 -.15(ve o)-.2 H(bject from the restricted procedure.).15 E F3(FILES)
72 463.2 Q F0 .229(The locations of man)108 475.2 R 2.729(yG)-.15 G .228
(hostscript run-time \214les are compiled into the e)-2.729 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .228(cutable when it is b).15 F 2.728(uilt. Run)-.2 F(")2.728 E
F1(gs)A(-h)108 487.2 Q F0 2.624("t)C 2.624<6f8c>-2.624 G .125(nd the lo\
cation of Ghostscript documentation on your system, from which you can \
get more details.)-2.624 F(On a Debian system the)108 499.2 Q 2.5(ya)
-.15 G(re in)-2.5 E F1(/usr)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(/usr/shar)108 516 Q
(e/ghostscript/[0-9]*.[0.9]*/*)-.18 E F0(Startup \214les, utilities, an\
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144 528 Q(ersion\))-.15 E F1(/usr/shar)108 544.8 Q(e/f)-.18 E
(onts/type1/gsf)-.25 E(onts/*)-.25 E F0
(More font de\214nitions from the gsfonts package)144 556.8 Q F1
(/usr/shar)108 573.6 Q(e/doc/ghostscript/examples/*)-.18 E F0(Ghostscri\
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Not very pretty, luckily we have ghostscript which is the basis of many smaller commands, such as one to convert postscript to pdf. The command is called ps2pdf. When can connect the two commands together in so called pipeline with the | character -- which is called the pipe because of this usage.
First let's make a folder for our manuals
In [6]:
!mkdir -p man
Now let's run man gs and pipe the output to ps2pdf, saving in the file man/gs.pdf.
In [7]:
!man -t gs | ps2pdf - man/gs.pdf
Some links that were used in developing some of this notebook:
Make some man-uals with ps2pdf¶
In [9]:
!man -t psnup | ps2pdf - man/psnup.pdf !man -t pstops | ps2pdf - man/pstops.pdf !man -t ps2pdf | ps2pdf - man/ps2pdf.pdf !man -t pdf2ps | ps2pdf - man/pdf2ps.pdf !man -t pdftk | ps2pdf - man/pdftk.pdf !man -t pdfposter | ps2pdf - man/pdfposter.pdf !man -t poster | ps2pdf - man/poster.pdf
In [ ]:
# NB These tools are often part of other packages of tools, for instanced: # apt install ghostscript psutils pdfposter
Read the label with pdfinfo¶
PDFs have useful info like number of pages and the (default) page size, but also can contain various metadata like Title, Keywords, and Author, and the "Producer" which often indicates what software was used to make the file.
In [10]:
!pdfinfo txt/language.pdf
Title: Keywords: Author: Producer: cairo 1.16.0 (https://cairographics.org) CreationDate: Wed Oct 28 19:43:01 2020 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 4 Encrypted: no Page size: 595 x 841 pts Page rot: 0 File size: 57323 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5
Back to the Future with pdf2ps¶
Many of the commands discussed here have their origins in the 1990s and were written to work with Postscript. Luckily there's also a pdf2ps command to go from PDF to Postscript. This command outputs (unless otherwise told) in a file with the same name but extension .ps
In [11]:
!pdf2ps txt/language.pdf
psnup saves trees¶
In [12]:
!psnup -2 language.ps psnup.ps
[1] [2] Wrote 2 pages, 481771 bytes
To look at it, run the ps2pdf...
In [22]:
!ps2pdf psnup.ps psnup.pdf
DEBUG: FC_WEIGHT didn't match
AND LOOK HERE: psnup.pdf
In [17]:
!psnup -2 -p a3 -s a3 language.ps psnup.ps
[1] [2] Wrote 2 pages, 481777 bytes
Repeat the steps above to see it (make sure you close the PDF to reload it).
The -c option lays out in column order (instead of rows). Check out the manual.
In [21]:
!psnup -16 -c language.ps psnup.ps
[1] Wrote 1 pages, 485929 bytes
In [19]:
!psnup -16 -c -p a0 language.ps psnup.ps
[1] Wrote 1 pages, 485997 bytes
pdftk is another PDF toolkit¶
This command can do many things. Let's use it to extract a page
In [ ]:
!pdftk A=txt/language.pdf cat A1 output 1.pdf
Scale (among other things) with the multi-faceted pstops¶
In [24]:
!pdf2ps txt/language.pdf 1.ps # Scale up A4 to A2, A0 !pstops "0@2.0" -pa2 1.ps 1.output.ps !pstops "0@4.0" -pa0 1.ps 1.a0.ps
[1] [2] [3] [4] Wrote 4 pages, 481656 bytes [1] [2] [3] [4] Wrote 4 pages, 481656 bytes
NB: When subsequently using ps2pdf on a resized postscript file, you should explictly specify the output paper size:
In [26]:
!ps2pdf -sPAPERSIZE=a0 1.a0.ps 1.a0.pdf
DEBUG: FC_WEIGHT didn't match
In [27]:
!pdfinfo 1.a0.pdf
Creator: GPL Ghostscript 927 (ps2write) Producer: GPL Ghostscript 9.27 CreationDate: Wed Oct 28 21:23:58 2020 CET ModDate: Wed Oct 28 21:23:58 2020 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 4 Encrypted: no Page size: 2384 x 3370 pts (A0) Page rot: 0 File size: 63970 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.4
From pdf to ps and back again with a pipeline sandwich¶
You might say, what a drag that pstops only scales postscript files and not PDF, well just wrap it in a Pipeline sandwich...
In [ ]:
!pdf2ps 1.pdf - | pstops "0@4.0" -pa2 | ps2pdf -sPAPERSIZE=a0 - 1.a0.pdf
Make a blank PDF with python and reportlab.pdfgen.canvas¶
In [ ]:
from reportlab.pdfgen.canvas import Canvas from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 c = Canvas("blanka4.pdf", pagesize=A4, bottomup=0) c.showPage() c.save()
Tile and zoom with poster¶
From the poster manual:
Poster can be used to create a large poster by building it from multiple pages and/or printing it on large me-dia. Itexpects as input a generic (encapsulated) postscript file, normally printing on a single page.Theoutput is again a postscript file, maybe containing multiple pages together building the poster.The outputpages bear cutmarks and have slightly overlapping images for easier assembling. The input picture will bescaled to obtain the desired size
In [28]:
#!poster -mA3 -pA0 1.ps | ps2pdf - > poster.poster.pdf !poster -v -c0 -iA4 -mA4 -pA0 1.ps | ps2pdf - > poster.poster.pdf
Using default whitemargin of 0 Deciding for 4 columns and 4 rows of portrait pages. Deciding for a scale factor of 4 print page 1 DEBUG: FC_WEIGHT didn't match print page 2 print page 3 print page 4 print page 5 print page 6 print page 7 print page 8 print page 9 print page 10 print page 11 print page 12 print page 13 print page 14 print page 15 print page 16 print page 17 print page 18 print page 19 print page 20 print page 21 print page 22 print page 23 print page 24 print page 25 print page 26 print page 27 print page 28 print page 29 print page 30 print page 31 print page 32 print page 33 print page 34 print page 35 print page 36 print page 37 print page 38 print page 39 print page 40 print page 41 print page 42 print page 43 print page 44 print page 45 print page 46 print page 47 print page 48 print page 49 print page 50 print page 51 print page 52 print page 53 print page 54 print page 55 print page 56 print page 57 print page 58 print page 59 print page 60 print page 61 print page 62 print page 63 print page 64
The newer pdfposter works directly with PDF files, and has slightly different options.
For example to prints an A4 input file on 8 A3 pages, forming an A0 poster:
In [30]:
!pdfposter -mA3 -pA0 1.a0.pdf pdfposter.pdf
Puzzle: Combine tools to make a poster with different elements¶
In [ ]: