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CYBERNETICS
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kybernetes
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40s-50s
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whether in the machine or inliving tissue
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computing machines
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stored-program computer
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nervous system
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communication
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control theory
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statistical information theory
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statistical mechanics
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neurophysiology
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biology
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behaviorism
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Macy conference 1946-1953
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what makes behavior?
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thinking about machines
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feedback mechanisms
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biology
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circular causal system
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Norbert Wiener
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<i>Cybernetics; or, Control and Communication in the Animal and Machine</i>
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definition cybernetics
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Dr. Rosenblueth
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John Von Neumann
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complexity barrier
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WWII
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new weapons system
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radar
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rapid calculating machines
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machines
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automata
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self-regulating
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stability
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feedback loops
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environment
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shift in understanding the living organism
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19th century
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a heat engine, burning glucose or glycogen or starch, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide, water and urea (41)
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the [organism’s] body is very far from a conservative system, and that its component parts work in an environment where the available power is much less limited than we have taken it to be.
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the newer study of automata, whether in the metal or in the flesh, is a branch of communication engineering, and its cardinal notions are those of message, amount of disturbance or ‘noise’— a term taken over from the telephone engineer quantity of information, coding technique, and so on
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nervous system
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organs
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little amount of energy
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regulating
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passage of information
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from body's sense organs
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to effectors
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perform actions
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vacuum tube
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electronic circuit
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theory of sensitive automata
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the newer study of automata, whether in the metal or in the flesh, is a branch of communication engineering, and its cardinal notions are those of message, amount of disturbance or ‘noise’— a term taken over from the telephone engineer quantity of information, coding technique, and so on
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environment
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sensory stimulation
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equivalent of nervous system
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transfer information
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effectors
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perform action
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We are scarcely ever interested in the performance of a communicationengineering machine for a single input. To function adequately, it must give a satisfactory performance for a whole class of inputs, and this means a statistically satisfactory performance for the class of input which it is statistically expected to receive. Thus its theory belongs to the Gibbsian statistical mechanics rather than to the classical Newtonian mechanics. (44)
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the modern automaton exists in the same sort of Bergsonian time as the living organism.
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time of becoming
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creative evolution
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vitalist-mechanist
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to the limbo of badly posed question
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Claude Shannon
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quantitative theory of information
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overcome engineering problems in electronic communications
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reduce noise in telephone lines
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communication of information in any medium
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statistical theory
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formal theory
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Ludwig Boltzmann
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formula computing entropy
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amount of randomness
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thermodynamic system
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uncertainty of molecular states
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statistical distribution
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missing information
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