SAMUEL BUTLER 1863 Darwin among the machines 1865 Lucubratio Ebria 1872 Erewhon Erewhon or Over the Range 1879 Evolution, Old and New; Or, the theories of Buffon, Dr. Erasmus Darwin, and Lamarck, as compared with that of Charles Darwin consciousness purpose evolves as organisms Bateson Wiener Craik McCulloch self-reglating self-acting man-made contrivances rise of the machine How human can improve as domesticated life-stock of machines? The master-machines will treat humans in an enlighted way (if they are good) will grow in complexity self-production union between two steam engines feedback loop first significant shift toward the discourse on machines