STEAM ENGINE

James Watt

1763–1775

thermodynamics

Sadi Carnot

1824

Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire

entropy

Ludwig Boltzmann

ergodic hypotesis

centrifugal governor

ORIGINS DEBATE

CREATIONISM

God

intelligent design

watchmaker analogy 

William Paley

1802

Natural Theology or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity

EVOLUTION

Charles Darwin

1859

On the origin of the species

Darwinism

natural selection 

survival of the fittest

struggle for existence

blind

chance

randomness