STEAM ENGINE

CENTRIFUGAL GOVERNOR

James Watt

1763–1775

speed limiter

equilibrium

controller

fly-ball

inertial force

rotative steam engine

cruise control

James Clerk Maxwell

1868 

On governors

contro, engineering

THERMODYNAMICS

Sadi Carnot

1824

Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire

centrifugal governor

second law

entropy

Ludwig Boltzmann

S = k · log W

amount of randomness

disorder

uncertainty of molecular states

statistical distribution

missing information

ergodic hypotesis