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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""Beautiful Soup bonus library: Unicode, Dammit
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This library converts a bytestream to Unicode through any means
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necessary. It is heavily based on code from Mark Pilgrim's Universal
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Feed Parser. It works best on XML and HTML, but it does not rewrite the
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XML or HTML to reflect a new encoding; that's the tree builder's job.
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"""
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# Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license.
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__license__ = "MIT"
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import codecs
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from html.entities import codepoint2name
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import re
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import logging
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import string
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# Import a library to autodetect character encodings.
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chardet_type = None
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try:
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# First try the fast C implementation.
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# PyPI package: cchardet
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import cchardet
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def chardet_dammit(s):
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if isinstance(s, str):
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return None
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return cchardet.detect(s)['encoding']
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except ImportError:
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try:
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# Fall back to the pure Python implementation
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# Debian package: python-chardet
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# PyPI package: chardet
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import chardet
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def chardet_dammit(s):
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if isinstance(s, str):
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return None
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return chardet.detect(s)['encoding']
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#import chardet.constants
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#chardet.constants._debug = 1
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except ImportError:
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# No chardet available.
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def chardet_dammit(s):
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return None
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# Available from http://cjkpython.i18n.org/.
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#
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# TODO: This doesn't work anymore and the closest thing, iconv_codecs,
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# is GPL-licensed. Check whether this is still necessary.
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try:
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import iconv_codec
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except ImportError:
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pass
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# Build bytestring and Unicode versions of regular expressions for finding
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# a declared encoding inside an XML or HTML document.
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xml_encoding = '^\\s*<\\?.*encoding=[\'"](.*?)[\'"].*\\?>'
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html_meta = '<\\s*meta[^>]+charset\\s*=\\s*["\']?([^>]*?)[ /;\'">]'
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encoding_res = dict()
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encoding_res[bytes] = {
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'html' : re.compile(html_meta.encode("ascii"), re.I),
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'xml' : re.compile(xml_encoding.encode("ascii"), re.I),
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}
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encoding_res[str] = {
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'html' : re.compile(html_meta, re.I),
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'xml' : re.compile(xml_encoding, re.I)
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}
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class EntitySubstitution(object):
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"""The ability to substitute XML or HTML entities for certain characters."""
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def _populate_class_variables():
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lookup = {}
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reverse_lookup = {}
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characters_for_re = []
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# &apos is an XHTML entity and an HTML 5, but not an HTML 4
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# entity. We don't want to use it, but we want to recognize it on the way in.
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#
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# TODO: Ideally we would be able to recognize all HTML 5 named
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# entities, but that's a little tricky.
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extra = [(39, 'apos')]
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for codepoint, name in list(codepoint2name.items()) + extra:
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character = chr(codepoint)
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if codepoint not in (34, 39):
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# There's no point in turning the quotation mark into
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# " or the single quote into ', unless it
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# happens within an attribute value, which is handled
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# elsewhere.
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characters_for_re.append(character)
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lookup[character] = name
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# But we do want to recognize those entities on the way in and
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# convert them to Unicode characters.
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reverse_lookup[name] = character
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re_definition = "[%s]" % "".join(characters_for_re)
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return lookup, reverse_lookup, re.compile(re_definition)
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(CHARACTER_TO_HTML_ENTITY, HTML_ENTITY_TO_CHARACTER,
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CHARACTER_TO_HTML_ENTITY_RE) = _populate_class_variables()
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CHARACTER_TO_XML_ENTITY = {
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"'": "apos",
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'"': "quot",
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"&": "amp",
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"<": "lt",
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">": "gt",
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}
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BARE_AMPERSAND_OR_BRACKET = re.compile("([<>]|"
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"&(?!#\\d+;|#x[0-9a-fA-F]+;|\\w+;)"
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")")
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AMPERSAND_OR_BRACKET = re.compile("([<>&])")
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@classmethod
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def _substitute_html_entity(cls, matchobj):
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"""Used with a regular expression to substitute the
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appropriate HTML entity for a special character."""
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entity = cls.CHARACTER_TO_HTML_ENTITY.get(matchobj.group(0))
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return "&%s;" % entity
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@classmethod
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def _substitute_xml_entity(cls, matchobj):
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"""Used with a regular expression to substitute the
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appropriate XML entity for a special character."""
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entity = cls.CHARACTER_TO_XML_ENTITY[matchobj.group(0)]
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return "&%s;" % entity
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@classmethod
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def quoted_attribute_value(self, value):
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"""Make a value into a quoted XML attribute, possibly escaping it.
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Most strings will be quoted using double quotes.
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Bob's Bar -> "Bob's Bar"
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If a string contains double quotes, it will be quoted using
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single quotes.
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Welcome to "my bar" -> 'Welcome to "my bar"'
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If a string contains both single and double quotes, the
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double quotes will be escaped, and the string will be quoted
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using double quotes.
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Welcome to "Bob's Bar" -> "Welcome to "Bob's bar"
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"""
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quote_with = '"'
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if '"' in value:
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if "'" in value:
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# The string contains both single and double
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# quotes. Turn the double quotes into
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# entities. We quote the double quotes rather than
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# the single quotes because the entity name is
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# """ whether this is HTML or XML. If we
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# quoted the single quotes, we'd have to decide
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# between ' and &squot;.
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replace_with = """
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value = value.replace('"', replace_with)
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else:
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# There are double quotes but no single quotes.
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# We can use single quotes to quote the attribute.
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quote_with = "'"
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return quote_with + value + quote_with
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@classmethod
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def substitute_xml(cls, value, make_quoted_attribute=False):
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"""Substitute XML entities for special XML characters.
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:param value: A string to be substituted. The less-than sign
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will become <, the greater-than sign will become >,
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and any ampersands will become &. If you want ampersands
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that appear to be part of an entity definition to be left
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alone, use substitute_xml_containing_entities() instead.
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:param make_quoted_attribute: If True, then the string will be
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quoted, as befits an attribute value.
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"""
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# Escape angle brackets and ampersands.
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value = cls.AMPERSAND_OR_BRACKET.sub(
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cls._substitute_xml_entity, value)
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if make_quoted_attribute:
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value = cls.quoted_attribute_value(value)
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return value
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@classmethod
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def substitute_xml_containing_entities(
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cls, value, make_quoted_attribute=False):
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"""Substitute XML entities for special XML characters.
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:param value: A string to be substituted. The less-than sign will
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become <, the greater-than sign will become >, and any
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ampersands that are not part of an entity defition will
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become &.
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:param make_quoted_attribute: If True, then the string will be
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quoted, as befits an attribute value.
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"""
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# Escape angle brackets, and ampersands that aren't part of
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# entities.
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value = cls.BARE_AMPERSAND_OR_BRACKET.sub(
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cls._substitute_xml_entity, value)
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if make_quoted_attribute:
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value = cls.quoted_attribute_value(value)
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return value
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@classmethod
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def substitute_html(cls, s):
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"""Replace certain Unicode characters with named HTML entities.
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This differs from data.encode(encoding, 'xmlcharrefreplace')
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in that the goal is to make the result more readable (to those
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with ASCII displays) rather than to recover from
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errors. There's absolutely nothing wrong with a UTF-8 string
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containg a LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE, but replacing that
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character with "é" will make it more readable to some
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people.
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:param s: A Unicode string.
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"""
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return cls.CHARACTER_TO_HTML_ENTITY_RE.sub(
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cls._substitute_html_entity, s)
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class EncodingDetector:
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"""Suggests a number of possible encodings for a bytestring.
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Order of precedence:
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1. Encodings you specifically tell EncodingDetector to try first
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(the override_encodings argument to the constructor).
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2. An encoding declared within the bytestring itself, either in an
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XML declaration (if the bytestring is to be interpreted as an XML
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document), or in a <meta> tag (if the bytestring is to be
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interpreted as an HTML document.)
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3. An encoding detected through textual analysis by chardet,
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cchardet, or a similar external library.
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4. UTF-8.
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5. Windows-1252.
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"""
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def __init__(self, markup, override_encodings=None, is_html=False,
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exclude_encodings=None):
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"""Constructor.
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:param markup: Some markup in an unknown encoding.
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:param override_encodings: These encodings will be tried first.
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:param is_html: If True, this markup is considered to be HTML. Otherwise
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it's assumed to be XML.
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:param exclude_encodings: These encodings will not be tried, even
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if they otherwise would be.
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"""
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self.override_encodings = override_encodings or []
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exclude_encodings = exclude_encodings or []
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self.exclude_encodings = set([x.lower() for x in exclude_encodings])
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self.chardet_encoding = None
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self.is_html = is_html
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self.declared_encoding = None
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# First order of business: strip a byte-order mark.
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self.markup, self.sniffed_encoding = self.strip_byte_order_mark(markup)
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def _usable(self, encoding, tried):
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"""Should we even bother to try this encoding?
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:param encoding: Name of an encoding.
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:param tried: Encodings that have already been tried. This will be modified
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as a side effect.
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"""
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if encoding is not None:
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encoding = encoding.lower()
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if encoding in self.exclude_encodings:
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return False
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if encoding not in tried:
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tried.add(encoding)
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return True
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return False
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@property
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def encodings(self):
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"""Yield a number of encodings that might work for this markup.
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:yield: A sequence of strings.
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"""
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tried = set()
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for e in self.override_encodings:
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if self._usable(e, tried):
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yield e
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# Did the document originally start with a byte-order mark
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# that indicated its encoding?
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if self._usable(self.sniffed_encoding, tried):
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yield self.sniffed_encoding
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# Look within the document for an XML or HTML encoding
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# declaration.
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if self.declared_encoding is None:
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self.declared_encoding = self.find_declared_encoding(
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self.markup, self.is_html)
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if self._usable(self.declared_encoding, tried):
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yield self.declared_encoding
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# Use third-party character set detection to guess at the
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# encoding.
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if self.chardet_encoding is None:
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self.chardet_encoding = chardet_dammit(self.markup)
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if self._usable(self.chardet_encoding, tried):
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yield self.chardet_encoding
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# As a last-ditch effort, try utf-8 and windows-1252.
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for e in ('utf-8', 'windows-1252'):
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if self._usable(e, tried):
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yield e
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@classmethod
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def strip_byte_order_mark(cls, data):
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"""If a byte-order mark is present, strip it and return the encoding it implies.
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:param data: Some markup.
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:return: A 2-tuple (modified data, implied encoding)
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"""
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encoding = None
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if isinstance(data, str):
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# Unicode data cannot have a byte-order mark.
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return data, encoding
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if (len(data) >= 4) and (data[:2] == b'\xfe\xff') \
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and (data[2:4] != '\x00\x00'):
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encoding = 'utf-16be'
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data = data[2:]
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elif (len(data) >= 4) and (data[:2] == b'\xff\xfe') \
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and (data[2:4] != '\x00\x00'):
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encoding = 'utf-16le'
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data = data[2:]
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elif data[:3] == b'\xef\xbb\xbf':
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encoding = 'utf-8'
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data = data[3:]
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elif data[:4] == b'\x00\x00\xfe\xff':
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encoding = 'utf-32be'
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data = data[4:]
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elif data[:4] == b'\xff\xfe\x00\x00':
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encoding = 'utf-32le'
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data = data[4:]
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return data, encoding
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@classmethod
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def find_declared_encoding(cls, markup, is_html=False, search_entire_document=False):
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"""Given a document, tries to find its declared encoding.
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An XML encoding is declared at the beginning of the document.
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An HTML encoding is declared in a <meta> tag, hopefully near the
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beginning of the document.
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:param markup: Some markup.
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:param is_html: If True, this markup is considered to be HTML. Otherwise
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it's assumed to be XML.
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:param search_entire_document: Since an encoding is supposed to declared near the beginning
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of the document, most of the time it's only necessary to search a few kilobytes of data.
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Set this to True to force this method to search the entire document.
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"""
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if search_entire_document:
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xml_endpos = html_endpos = len(markup)
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else:
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xml_endpos = 1024
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html_endpos = max(2048, int(len(markup) * 0.05))
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if isinstance(markup, bytes):
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res = encoding_res[bytes]
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else:
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res = encoding_res[str]
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xml_re = res['xml']
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html_re = res['html']
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declared_encoding = None
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declared_encoding_match = xml_re.search(markup, endpos=xml_endpos)
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if not declared_encoding_match and is_html:
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declared_encoding_match = html_re.search(markup, endpos=html_endpos)
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if declared_encoding_match is not None:
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declared_encoding = declared_encoding_match.groups()[0]
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if declared_encoding:
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if isinstance(declared_encoding, bytes):
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declared_encoding = declared_encoding.decode('ascii', 'replace')
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return declared_encoding.lower()
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return None
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|
|
|
class UnicodeDammit:
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"""A class for detecting the encoding of a *ML document and
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converting it to a Unicode string. If the source encoding is
|
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windows-1252, can replace MS smart quotes with their HTML or XML
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equivalents."""
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|
|
# This dictionary maps commonly seen values for "charset" in HTML
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# meta tags to the corresponding Python codec names. It only covers
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# values that aren't in Python's aliases and can't be determined
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# by the heuristics in find_codec.
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CHARSET_ALIASES = {"macintosh": "mac-roman",
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"x-sjis": "shift-jis"}
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ENCODINGS_WITH_SMART_QUOTES = [
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"windows-1252",
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"iso-8859-1",
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"iso-8859-2",
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]
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|
|
def __init__(self, markup, override_encodings=[],
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|
smart_quotes_to=None, is_html=False, exclude_encodings=[]):
|
|
|
"""Constructor.
|
|
|
|
|
|
:param markup: A bytestring representing markup in an unknown encoding.
|
|
|
:param override_encodings: These encodings will be tried first,
|
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|
before any sniffing code is run.
|
|
|
|
|
|
:param smart_quotes_to: By default, Microsoft smart quotes will, like all other characters, be converted
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|
|
to Unicode characters. Setting this to 'ascii' will convert them to ASCII quotes instead.
|
|
|
Setting it to 'xml' will convert them to XML entity references, and setting it to 'html'
|
|
|
will convert them to HTML entity references.
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|
|
:param is_html: If True, this markup is considered to be HTML. Otherwise
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|
|
it's assumed to be XML.
|
|
|
:param exclude_encodings: These encodings will not be considered, even
|
|
|
if the sniffing code thinks they might make sense.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
self.smart_quotes_to = smart_quotes_to
|
|
|
self.tried_encodings = []
|
|
|
self.contains_replacement_characters = False
|
|
|
self.is_html = is_html
|
|
|
self.log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
|
|
|
self.detector = EncodingDetector(
|
|
|
markup, override_encodings, is_html, exclude_encodings)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Short-circuit if the data is in Unicode to begin with.
|
|
|
if isinstance(markup, str) or markup == '':
|
|
|
self.markup = markup
|
|
|
self.unicode_markup = str(markup)
|
|
|
self.original_encoding = None
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
|
|
# The encoding detector may have stripped a byte-order mark.
|
|
|
# Use the stripped markup from this point on.
|
|
|
self.markup = self.detector.markup
|
|
|
|
|
|
u = None
|
|
|
for encoding in self.detector.encodings:
|
|
|
markup = self.detector.markup
|
|
|
u = self._convert_from(encoding)
|
|
|
if u is not None:
|
|
|
break
|
|
|
|
|
|
if not u:
|
|
|
# None of the encodings worked. As an absolute last resort,
|
|
|
# try them again with character replacement.
|
|
|
|
|
|
for encoding in self.detector.encodings:
|
|
|
if encoding != "ascii":
|
|
|
u = self._convert_from(encoding, "replace")
|
|
|
if u is not None:
|
|
|
self.log.warning(
|
|
|
"Some characters could not be decoded, and were "
|
|
|
"replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER."
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
self.contains_replacement_characters = True
|
|
|
break
|
|
|
|
|
|
# If none of that worked, we could at this point force it to
|
|
|
# ASCII, but that would destroy so much data that I think
|
|
|
# giving up is better.
|
|
|
self.unicode_markup = u
|
|
|
if not u:
|
|
|
self.original_encoding = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _sub_ms_char(self, match):
|
|
|
"""Changes a MS smart quote character to an XML or HTML
|
|
|
entity, or an ASCII character."""
|
|
|
orig = match.group(1)
|
|
|
if self.smart_quotes_to == 'ascii':
|
|
|
sub = self.MS_CHARS_TO_ASCII.get(orig).encode()
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
sub = self.MS_CHARS.get(orig)
|
|
|
if type(sub) == tuple:
|
|
|
if self.smart_quotes_to == 'xml':
|
|
|
sub = '&#x'.encode() + sub[1].encode() + ';'.encode()
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
sub = '&'.encode() + sub[0].encode() + ';'.encode()
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
sub = sub.encode()
|
|
|
return sub
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _convert_from(self, proposed, errors="strict"):
|
|
|
"""Attempt to convert the markup to the proposed encoding.
|
|
|
|
|
|
:param proposed: The name of a character encoding.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
proposed = self.find_codec(proposed)
|
|
|
if not proposed or (proposed, errors) in self.tried_encodings:
|
|
|
return None
|
|
|
self.tried_encodings.append((proposed, errors))
|
|
|
markup = self.markup
|
|
|
# Convert smart quotes to HTML if coming from an encoding
|
|
|
# that might have them.
|
|
|
if (self.smart_quotes_to is not None
|
|
|
and proposed in self.ENCODINGS_WITH_SMART_QUOTES):
|
|
|
smart_quotes_re = b"([\x80-\x9f])"
|
|
|
smart_quotes_compiled = re.compile(smart_quotes_re)
|
|
|
markup = smart_quotes_compiled.sub(self._sub_ms_char, markup)
|
|
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
#print "Trying to convert document to %s (errors=%s)" % (
|
|
|
# proposed, errors)
|
|
|
u = self._to_unicode(markup, proposed, errors)
|
|
|
self.markup = u
|
|
|
self.original_encoding = proposed
|
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
|
|
#print "That didn't work!"
|
|
|
#print e
|
|
|
return None
|
|
|
#print "Correct encoding: %s" % proposed
|
|
|
return self.markup
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _to_unicode(self, data, encoding, errors="strict"):
|
|
|
"""Given a string and its encoding, decodes the string into Unicode.
|
|
|
|
|
|
:param encoding: The name of an encoding.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
return str(data, encoding, errors)
|
|
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
|
def declared_html_encoding(self):
|
|
|
"""If the markup is an HTML document, returns the encoding declared _within_
|
|
|
the document.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
if not self.is_html:
|
|
|
return None
|
|
|
return self.detector.declared_encoding
|
|
|
|
|
|
def find_codec(self, charset):
|
|
|
"""Convert the name of a character set to a codec name.
|
|
|
|
|
|
:param charset: The name of a character set.
|
|
|
:return: The name of a codec.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
value = (self._codec(self.CHARSET_ALIASES.get(charset, charset))
|
|
|
or (charset and self._codec(charset.replace("-", "")))
|
|
|
or (charset and self._codec(charset.replace("-", "_")))
|
|
|
or (charset and charset.lower())
|
|
|
or charset
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
if value:
|
|
|
return value.lower()
|
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _codec(self, charset):
|
|
|
if not charset:
|
|
|
return charset
|
|
|
codec = None
|
|
|
try:
|
|
|
codecs.lookup(charset)
|
|
|
codec = charset
|
|
|
except (LookupError, ValueError):
|
|
|
pass
|
|
|
return codec
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# A partial mapping of ISO-Latin-1 to HTML entities/XML numeric entities.
|
|
|
MS_CHARS = {b'\x80': ('euro', '20AC'),
|
|
|
b'\x81': ' ',
|
|
|
b'\x82': ('sbquo', '201A'),
|
|
|
b'\x83': ('fnof', '192'),
|
|
|
b'\x84': ('bdquo', '201E'),
|
|
|
b'\x85': ('hellip', '2026'),
|
|
|
b'\x86': ('dagger', '2020'),
|
|
|
b'\x87': ('Dagger', '2021'),
|
|
|
b'\x88': ('circ', '2C6'),
|
|
|
b'\x89': ('permil', '2030'),
|
|
|
b'\x8A': ('Scaron', '160'),
|
|
|
b'\x8B': ('lsaquo', '2039'),
|
|
|
b'\x8C': ('OElig', '152'),
|
|
|
b'\x8D': '?',
|
|
|
b'\x8E': ('#x17D', '17D'),
|
|
|
b'\x8F': '?',
|
|
|
b'\x90': '?',
|
|
|
b'\x91': ('lsquo', '2018'),
|
|
|
b'\x92': ('rsquo', '2019'),
|
|
|
b'\x93': ('ldquo', '201C'),
|
|
|
b'\x94': ('rdquo', '201D'),
|
|
|
b'\x95': ('bull', '2022'),
|
|
|
b'\x96': ('ndash', '2013'),
|
|
|
b'\x97': ('mdash', '2014'),
|
|
|
b'\x98': ('tilde', '2DC'),
|
|
|
b'\x99': ('trade', '2122'),
|
|
|
b'\x9a': ('scaron', '161'),
|
|
|
b'\x9b': ('rsaquo', '203A'),
|
|
|
b'\x9c': ('oelig', '153'),
|
|
|
b'\x9d': '?',
|
|
|
b'\x9e': ('#x17E', '17E'),
|
|
|
b'\x9f': ('Yuml', ''),}
|
|
|
|
|
|
# A parochial partial mapping of ISO-Latin-1 to ASCII. Contains
|
|
|
# horrors like stripping diacritical marks to turn á into a, but also
|
|
|
# contains non-horrors like turning “ into ".
|
|
|
MS_CHARS_TO_ASCII = {
|
|
|
b'\x80' : 'EUR',
|
|
|
b'\x81' : ' ',
|
|
|
b'\x82' : ',',
|
|
|
b'\x83' : 'f',
|
|
|
b'\x84' : ',,',
|
|
|
b'\x85' : '...',
|
|
|
b'\x86' : '+',
|
|
|
b'\x87' : '++',
|
|
|
b'\x88' : '^',
|
|
|
b'\x89' : '%',
|
|
|
b'\x8a' : 'S',
|
|
|
b'\x8b' : '<',
|
|
|
b'\x8c' : 'OE',
|
|
|
b'\x8d' : '?',
|
|
|
b'\x8e' : 'Z',
|
|
|
b'\x8f' : '?',
|
|
|
b'\x90' : '?',
|
|
|
b'\x91' : "'",
|
|
|
b'\x92' : "'",
|
|
|
b'\x93' : '"',
|
|
|
b'\x94' : '"',
|
|
|
b'\x95' : '*',
|
|
|
b'\x96' : '-',
|
|
|
b'\x97' : '--',
|
|
|
b'\x98' : '~',
|
|
|
b'\x99' : '(TM)',
|
|
|
b'\x9a' : 's',
|
|
|
b'\x9b' : '>',
|
|
|
b'\x9c' : 'oe',
|
|
|
b'\x9d' : '?',
|
|
|
b'\x9e' : 'z',
|
|
|
b'\x9f' : 'Y',
|
|
|
b'\xa0' : ' ',
|
|
|
b'\xa1' : '!',
|
|
|
b'\xa2' : 'c',
|
|
|
b'\xa3' : 'GBP',
|
|
|
b'\xa4' : '$', #This approximation is especially parochial--this is the
|
|
|
#generic currency symbol.
|
|
|
b'\xa5' : 'YEN',
|
|
|
b'\xa6' : '|',
|
|
|
b'\xa7' : 'S',
|
|
|
b'\xa8' : '..',
|
|
|
b'\xa9' : '',
|
|
|
b'\xaa' : '(th)',
|
|
|
b'\xab' : '<<',
|
|
|
b'\xac' : '!',
|
|
|
b'\xad' : ' ',
|
|
|
b'\xae' : '(R)',
|
|
|
b'\xaf' : '-',
|
|
|
b'\xb0' : 'o',
|
|
|
b'\xb1' : '+-',
|
|
|
b'\xb2' : '2',
|
|
|
b'\xb3' : '3',
|
|
|
b'\xb4' : ("'", 'acute'),
|
|
|
b'\xb5' : 'u',
|
|
|
b'\xb6' : 'P',
|
|
|
b'\xb7' : '*',
|
|
|
b'\xb8' : ',',
|
|
|
b'\xb9' : '1',
|
|
|
b'\xba' : '(th)',
|
|
|
b'\xbb' : '>>',
|
|
|
b'\xbc' : '1/4',
|
|
|
b'\xbd' : '1/2',
|
|
|
b'\xbe' : '3/4',
|
|
|
b'\xbf' : '?',
|
|
|
b'\xc0' : 'A',
|
|
|
b'\xc1' : 'A',
|
|
|
b'\xc2' : 'A',
|
|
|
b'\xc3' : 'A',
|
|
|
b'\xc4' : 'A',
|
|
|
b'\xc5' : 'A',
|
|
|
b'\xc6' : 'AE',
|
|
|
b'\xc7' : 'C',
|
|
|
b'\xc8' : 'E',
|
|
|
b'\xc9' : 'E',
|
|
|
b'\xca' : 'E',
|
|
|
b'\xcb' : 'E',
|
|
|
b'\xcc' : 'I',
|
|
|
b'\xcd' : 'I',
|
|
|
b'\xce' : 'I',
|
|
|
b'\xcf' : 'I',
|
|
|
b'\xd0' : 'D',
|
|
|
b'\xd1' : 'N',
|
|
|
b'\xd2' : 'O',
|
|
|
b'\xd3' : 'O',
|
|
|
b'\xd4' : 'O',
|
|
|
b'\xd5' : 'O',
|
|
|
b'\xd6' : 'O',
|
|
|
b'\xd7' : '*',
|
|
|
b'\xd8' : 'O',
|
|
|
b'\xd9' : 'U',
|
|
|
b'\xda' : 'U',
|
|
|
b'\xdb' : 'U',
|
|
|
b'\xdc' : 'U',
|
|
|
b'\xdd' : 'Y',
|
|
|
b'\xde' : 'b',
|
|
|
b'\xdf' : 'B',
|
|
|
b'\xe0' : 'a',
|
|
|
b'\xe1' : 'a',
|
|
|
b'\xe2' : 'a',
|
|
|
b'\xe3' : 'a',
|
|
|
b'\xe4' : 'a',
|
|
|
b'\xe5' : 'a',
|
|
|
b'\xe6' : 'ae',
|
|
|
b'\xe7' : 'c',
|
|
|
b'\xe8' : 'e',
|
|
|
b'\xe9' : 'e',
|
|
|
b'\xea' : 'e',
|
|
|
b'\xeb' : 'e',
|
|
|
b'\xec' : 'i',
|
|
|
b'\xed' : 'i',
|
|
|
b'\xee' : 'i',
|
|
|
b'\xef' : 'i',
|
|
|
b'\xf0' : 'o',
|
|
|
b'\xf1' : 'n',
|
|
|
b'\xf2' : 'o',
|
|
|
b'\xf3' : 'o',
|
|
|
b'\xf4' : 'o',
|
|
|
b'\xf5' : 'o',
|
|
|
b'\xf6' : 'o',
|
|
|
b'\xf7' : '/',
|
|
|
b'\xf8' : 'o',
|
|
|
b'\xf9' : 'u',
|
|
|
b'\xfa' : 'u',
|
|
|
b'\xfb' : 'u',
|
|
|
b'\xfc' : 'u',
|
|
|
b'\xfd' : 'y',
|
|
|
b'\xfe' : 'b',
|
|
|
b'\xff' : 'y',
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
# A map used when removing rogue Windows-1252/ISO-8859-1
|
|
|
# characters in otherwise UTF-8 documents.
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
# Note that \x81, \x8d, \x8f, \x90, and \x9d are undefined in
|
|
|
# Windows-1252.
|
|
|
WINDOWS_1252_TO_UTF8 = {
|
|
|
0x80 : b'\xe2\x82\xac', # €
|
|
|
0x82 : b'\xe2\x80\x9a', # ‚
|
|
|
0x83 : b'\xc6\x92', # ƒ
|
|
|
0x84 : b'\xe2\x80\x9e', # „
|
|
|
0x85 : b'\xe2\x80\xa6', # …
|
|
|
0x86 : b'\xe2\x80\xa0', # †
|
|
|
0x87 : b'\xe2\x80\xa1', # ‡
|
|
|
0x88 : b'\xcb\x86', # ˆ
|
|
|
0x89 : b'\xe2\x80\xb0', # ‰
|
|
|
0x8a : b'\xc5\xa0', # Š
|
|
|
0x8b : b'\xe2\x80\xb9', # ‹
|
|
|
0x8c : b'\xc5\x92', # Œ
|
|
|
0x8e : b'\xc5\xbd', # Ž
|
|
|
0x91 : b'\xe2\x80\x98', # ‘
|
|
|
0x92 : b'\xe2\x80\x99', # ’
|
|
|
0x93 : b'\xe2\x80\x9c', # “
|
|
|
0x94 : b'\xe2\x80\x9d', # ”
|
|
|
0x95 : b'\xe2\x80\xa2', # •
|
|
|
0x96 : b'\xe2\x80\x93', # –
|
|
|
0x97 : b'\xe2\x80\x94', # —
|
|
|
0x98 : b'\xcb\x9c', # ˜
|
|
|
0x99 : b'\xe2\x84\xa2', # ™
|
|
|
0x9a : b'\xc5\xa1', # š
|
|
|
0x9b : b'\xe2\x80\xba', # ›
|
|
|
0x9c : b'\xc5\x93', # œ
|
|
|
0x9e : b'\xc5\xbe', # ž
|
|
|
0x9f : b'\xc5\xb8', # Ÿ
|
|
|
0xa0 : b'\xc2\xa0', #
|
|
|
0xa1 : b'\xc2\xa1', # ¡
|
|
|
0xa2 : b'\xc2\xa2', # ¢
|
|
|
0xa3 : b'\xc2\xa3', # £
|
|
|
0xa4 : b'\xc2\xa4', # ¤
|
|
|
0xa5 : b'\xc2\xa5', # ¥
|
|
|
0xa6 : b'\xc2\xa6', # ¦
|
|
|
0xa7 : b'\xc2\xa7', # §
|
|
|
0xa8 : b'\xc2\xa8', # ¨
|
|
|
0xa9 : b'\xc2\xa9', # ©
|
|
|
0xaa : b'\xc2\xaa', # ª
|
|
|
0xab : b'\xc2\xab', # «
|
|
|
0xac : b'\xc2\xac', # ¬
|
|
|
0xad : b'\xc2\xad', #
|
|
|
0xae : b'\xc2\xae', # ®
|
|
|
0xaf : b'\xc2\xaf', # ¯
|
|
|
0xb0 : b'\xc2\xb0', # °
|
|
|
0xb1 : b'\xc2\xb1', # ±
|
|
|
0xb2 : b'\xc2\xb2', # ²
|
|
|
0xb3 : b'\xc2\xb3', # ³
|
|
|
0xb4 : b'\xc2\xb4', # ´
|
|
|
0xb5 : b'\xc2\xb5', # µ
|
|
|
0xb6 : b'\xc2\xb6', # ¶
|
|
|
0xb7 : b'\xc2\xb7', # ·
|
|
|
0xb8 : b'\xc2\xb8', # ¸
|
|
|
0xb9 : b'\xc2\xb9', # ¹
|
|
|
0xba : b'\xc2\xba', # º
|
|
|
0xbb : b'\xc2\xbb', # »
|
|
|
0xbc : b'\xc2\xbc', # ¼
|
|
|
0xbd : b'\xc2\xbd', # ½
|
|
|
0xbe : b'\xc2\xbe', # ¾
|
|
|
0xbf : b'\xc2\xbf', # ¿
|
|
|
0xc0 : b'\xc3\x80', # À
|
|
|
0xc1 : b'\xc3\x81', # Á
|
|
|
0xc2 : b'\xc3\x82', # Â
|
|
|
0xc3 : b'\xc3\x83', # Ã
|
|
|
0xc4 : b'\xc3\x84', # Ä
|
|
|
0xc5 : b'\xc3\x85', # Å
|
|
|
0xc6 : b'\xc3\x86', # Æ
|
|
|
0xc7 : b'\xc3\x87', # Ç
|
|
|
0xc8 : b'\xc3\x88', # È
|
|
|
0xc9 : b'\xc3\x89', # É
|
|
|
0xca : b'\xc3\x8a', # Ê
|
|
|
0xcb : b'\xc3\x8b', # Ë
|
|
|
0xcc : b'\xc3\x8c', # Ì
|
|
|
0xcd : b'\xc3\x8d', # Í
|
|
|
0xce : b'\xc3\x8e', # Î
|
|
|
0xcf : b'\xc3\x8f', # Ï
|
|
|
0xd0 : b'\xc3\x90', # Ð
|
|
|
0xd1 : b'\xc3\x91', # Ñ
|
|
|
0xd2 : b'\xc3\x92', # Ò
|
|
|
0xd3 : b'\xc3\x93', # Ó
|
|
|
0xd4 : b'\xc3\x94', # Ô
|
|
|
0xd5 : b'\xc3\x95', # Õ
|
|
|
0xd6 : b'\xc3\x96', # Ö
|
|
|
0xd7 : b'\xc3\x97', # ×
|
|
|
0xd8 : b'\xc3\x98', # Ø
|
|
|
0xd9 : b'\xc3\x99', # Ù
|
|
|
0xda : b'\xc3\x9a', # Ú
|
|
|
0xdb : b'\xc3\x9b', # Û
|
|
|
0xdc : b'\xc3\x9c', # Ü
|
|
|
0xdd : b'\xc3\x9d', # Ý
|
|
|
0xde : b'\xc3\x9e', # Þ
|
|
|
0xdf : b'\xc3\x9f', # ß
|
|
|
0xe0 : b'\xc3\xa0', # à
|
|
|
0xe1 : b'\xa1', # á
|
|
|
0xe2 : b'\xc3\xa2', # â
|
|
|
0xe3 : b'\xc3\xa3', # ã
|
|
|
0xe4 : b'\xc3\xa4', # ä
|
|
|
0xe5 : b'\xc3\xa5', # å
|
|
|
0xe6 : b'\xc3\xa6', # æ
|
|
|
0xe7 : b'\xc3\xa7', # ç
|
|
|
0xe8 : b'\xc3\xa8', # è
|
|
|
0xe9 : b'\xc3\xa9', # é
|
|
|
0xea : b'\xc3\xaa', # ê
|
|
|
0xeb : b'\xc3\xab', # ë
|
|
|
0xec : b'\xc3\xac', # ì
|
|
|
0xed : b'\xc3\xad', # í
|
|
|
0xee : b'\xc3\xae', # î
|
|
|
0xef : b'\xc3\xaf', # ï
|
|
|
0xf0 : b'\xc3\xb0', # ð
|
|
|
0xf1 : b'\xc3\xb1', # ñ
|
|
|
0xf2 : b'\xc3\xb2', # ò
|
|
|
0xf3 : b'\xc3\xb3', # ó
|
|
|
0xf4 : b'\xc3\xb4', # ô
|
|
|
0xf5 : b'\xc3\xb5', # õ
|
|
|
0xf6 : b'\xc3\xb6', # ö
|
|
|
0xf7 : b'\xc3\xb7', # ÷
|
|
|
0xf8 : b'\xc3\xb8', # ø
|
|
|
0xf9 : b'\xc3\xb9', # ù
|
|
|
0xfa : b'\xc3\xba', # ú
|
|
|
0xfb : b'\xc3\xbb', # û
|
|
|
0xfc : b'\xc3\xbc', # ü
|
|
|
0xfd : b'\xc3\xbd', # ý
|
|
|
0xfe : b'\xc3\xbe', # þ
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
MULTIBYTE_MARKERS_AND_SIZES = [
|
|
|
(0xc2, 0xdf, 2), # 2-byte characters start with a byte C2-DF
|
|
|
(0xe0, 0xef, 3), # 3-byte characters start with E0-EF
|
|
|
(0xf0, 0xf4, 4), # 4-byte characters start with F0-F4
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
|
FIRST_MULTIBYTE_MARKER = MULTIBYTE_MARKERS_AND_SIZES[0][0]
|
|
|
LAST_MULTIBYTE_MARKER = MULTIBYTE_MARKERS_AND_SIZES[-1][1]
|
|
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
|
def detwingle(cls, in_bytes, main_encoding="utf8",
|
|
|
embedded_encoding="windows-1252"):
|
|
|
"""Fix characters from one encoding embedded in some other encoding.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currently the only situation supported is Windows-1252 (or its
|
|
|
subset ISO-8859-1), embedded in UTF-8.
|
|
|
|
|
|
:param in_bytes: A bytestring that you suspect contains
|
|
|
characters from multiple encodings. Note that this _must_
|
|
|
be a bytestring. If you've already converted the document
|
|
|
to Unicode, you're too late.
|
|
|
:param main_encoding: The primary encoding of `in_bytes`.
|
|
|
:param embedded_encoding: The encoding that was used to embed characters
|
|
|
in the main document.
|
|
|
:return: A bytestring in which `embedded_encoding`
|
|
|
characters have been converted to their `main_encoding`
|
|
|
equivalents.
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
if embedded_encoding.replace('_', '-').lower() not in (
|
|
|
'windows-1252', 'windows_1252'):
|
|
|
raise NotImplementedError(
|
|
|
"Windows-1252 and ISO-8859-1 are the only currently supported "
|
|
|
"embedded encodings.")
|
|
|
|
|
|
if main_encoding.lower() not in ('utf8', 'utf-8'):
|
|
|
raise NotImplementedError(
|
|
|
"UTF-8 is the only currently supported main encoding.")
|
|
|
|
|
|
byte_chunks = []
|
|
|
|
|
|
chunk_start = 0
|
|
|
pos = 0
|
|
|
while pos < len(in_bytes):
|
|
|
byte = in_bytes[pos]
|
|
|
if not isinstance(byte, int):
|
|
|
# Python 2.x
|
|
|
byte = ord(byte)
|
|
|
if (byte >= cls.FIRST_MULTIBYTE_MARKER
|
|
|
and byte <= cls.LAST_MULTIBYTE_MARKER):
|
|
|
# This is the start of a UTF-8 multibyte character. Skip
|
|
|
# to the end.
|
|
|
for start, end, size in cls.MULTIBYTE_MARKERS_AND_SIZES:
|
|
|
if byte >= start and byte <= end:
|
|
|
pos += size
|
|
|
break
|
|
|
elif byte >= 0x80 and byte in cls.WINDOWS_1252_TO_UTF8:
|
|
|
# We found a Windows-1252 character!
|
|
|
# Save the string up to this point as a chunk.
|
|
|
byte_chunks.append(in_bytes[chunk_start:pos])
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Now translate the Windows-1252 character into UTF-8
|
|
|
# and add it as another, one-byte chunk.
|
|
|
byte_chunks.append(cls.WINDOWS_1252_TO_UTF8[byte])
|
|
|
pos += 1
|
|
|
chunk_start = pos
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
# Go on to the next character.
|
|
|
pos += 1
|
|
|
if chunk_start == 0:
|
|
|
# The string is unchanged.
|
|
|
return in_bytes
|
|
|
else:
|
|
|
# Store the final chunk.
|
|
|
byte_chunks.append(in_bytes[chunk_start:])
|
|
|
return b''.join(byte_chunks)
|
|
|
|