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625 lines
24 KiB
Python
625 lines
24 KiB
Python
# Natural Language Toolkit: Verbnet Corpus Reader
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#
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# Copyright (C) 2001-2020 NLTK Project
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# Author: Edward Loper <edloper@gmail.com>
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# URL: <http://nltk.org/>
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# For license information, see LICENSE.TXT
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"""
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An NLTK interface to the VerbNet verb lexicon
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For details about VerbNet see:
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https://verbs.colorado.edu/~mpalmer/projects/verbnet.html
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"""
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import re
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import textwrap
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from collections import defaultdict
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from nltk.corpus.reader.xmldocs import XMLCorpusReader
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class VerbnetCorpusReader(XMLCorpusReader):
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"""
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An NLTK interface to the VerbNet verb lexicon.
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From the VerbNet site: "VerbNet (VN) (Kipper-Schuler 2006) is the largest
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on-line verb lexicon currently available for English. It is a hierarchical
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domain-independent, broad-coverage verb lexicon with mappings to other
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lexical resources such as WordNet (Miller, 1990; Fellbaum, 1998), XTAG
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(XTAG Research Group, 2001), and FrameNet (Baker et al., 1998)."
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For details about VerbNet see:
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https://verbs.colorado.edu/~mpalmer/projects/verbnet.html
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"""
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# No unicode encoding param, since the data files are all XML.
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def __init__(self, root, fileids, wrap_etree=False):
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XMLCorpusReader.__init__(self, root, fileids, wrap_etree)
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self._lemma_to_class = defaultdict(list)
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"""A dictionary mapping from verb lemma strings to lists of
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VerbNet class identifiers."""
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self._wordnet_to_class = defaultdict(list)
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"""A dictionary mapping from wordnet identifier strings to
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lists of VerbNet class identifiers."""
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self._class_to_fileid = {}
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"""A dictionary mapping from class identifiers to
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corresponding file identifiers. The keys of this dictionary
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provide a complete list of all classes and subclasses."""
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self._shortid_to_longid = {}
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# Initialize the dictionaries. Use the quick (regexp-based)
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# method instead of the slow (xml-based) method, because it
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# runs 2-30 times faster.
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self._quick_index()
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_LONGID_RE = re.compile(r"([^\-\.]*)-([\d+.\-]+)$")
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"""Regular expression that matches (and decomposes) longids"""
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_SHORTID_RE = re.compile(r"[\d+.\-]+$")
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"""Regular expression that matches shortids"""
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_INDEX_RE = re.compile(
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r'<MEMBER name="\??([^"]+)" wn="([^"]*)"[^>]+>|' r'<VNSUBCLASS ID="([^"]+)"/?>'
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)
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"""Regular expression used by ``_index()`` to quickly scan the corpus
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for basic information."""
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def lemmas(self, vnclass=None):
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"""
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Return a list of all verb lemmas that appear in any class, or
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in the ``classid`` if specified.
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"""
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if vnclass is None:
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return sorted(self._lemma_to_class.keys())
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else:
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# [xx] should this include subclass members?
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if isinstance(vnclass, str):
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vnclass = self.vnclass(vnclass)
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return [member.get("name") for member in vnclass.findall("MEMBERS/MEMBER")]
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def wordnetids(self, vnclass=None):
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"""
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Return a list of all wordnet identifiers that appear in any
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class, or in ``classid`` if specified.
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"""
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if vnclass is None:
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return sorted(self._wordnet_to_class.keys())
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else:
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# [xx] should this include subclass members?
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if isinstance(vnclass, str):
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vnclass = self.vnclass(vnclass)
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return sum(
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[
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member.get("wn", "").split()
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for member in vnclass.findall("MEMBERS/MEMBER")
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],
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[],
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)
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def classids(self, lemma=None, wordnetid=None, fileid=None, classid=None):
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"""
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Return a list of the VerbNet class identifiers. If a file
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identifier is specified, then return only the VerbNet class
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identifiers for classes (and subclasses) defined by that file.
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If a lemma is specified, then return only VerbNet class
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identifiers for classes that contain that lemma as a member.
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If a wordnetid is specified, then return only identifiers for
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classes that contain that wordnetid as a member. If a classid
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is specified, then return only identifiers for subclasses of
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the specified VerbNet class.
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If nothing is specified, return all classids within VerbNet
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"""
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if fileid is not None:
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return [c for (c, f) in self._class_to_fileid.items() if f == fileid]
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elif lemma is not None:
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return self._lemma_to_class[lemma]
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elif wordnetid is not None:
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return self._wordnet_to_class[wordnetid]
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elif classid is not None:
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xmltree = self.vnclass(classid)
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return [
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subclass.get("ID")
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for subclass in xmltree.findall("SUBCLASSES/VNSUBCLASS")
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]
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else:
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return sorted(self._class_to_fileid.keys())
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def vnclass(self, fileid_or_classid):
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"""Returns VerbNet class ElementTree
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Return an ElementTree containing the xml for the specified
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VerbNet class.
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:param fileid_or_classid: An identifier specifying which class
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should be returned. Can be a file identifier (such as
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``'put-9.1.xml'``), or a VerbNet class identifier (such as
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``'put-9.1'``) or a short VerbNet class identifier (such as
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``'9.1'``).
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"""
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# File identifier: just return the xml.
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if fileid_or_classid in self._fileids:
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return self.xml(fileid_or_classid)
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# Class identifier: get the xml, and find the right elt.
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classid = self.longid(fileid_or_classid)
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if classid in self._class_to_fileid:
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fileid = self._class_to_fileid[self.longid(classid)]
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tree = self.xml(fileid)
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if classid == tree.get("ID"):
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return tree
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else:
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for subclass in tree.findall(".//VNSUBCLASS"):
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if classid == subclass.get("ID"):
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return subclass
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else:
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assert False # we saw it during _index()!
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else:
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raise ValueError("Unknown identifier {}".format(fileid_or_classid))
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def fileids(self, vnclass_ids=None):
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"""
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Return a list of fileids that make up this corpus. If
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``vnclass_ids`` is specified, then return the fileids that make
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up the specified VerbNet class(es).
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"""
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if vnclass_ids is None:
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return self._fileids
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elif isinstance(vnclass_ids, str):
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return [self._class_to_fileid[self.longid(vnclass_ids)]]
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else:
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return [
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self._class_to_fileid[self.longid(vnclass_id)]
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for vnclass_id in vnclass_ids
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]
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def frames(self, vnclass):
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"""Given a VerbNet class, this method returns VerbNet frames
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The members returned are:
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1) Example
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2) Description
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3) Syntax
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4) Semantics
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:param vnclass: A VerbNet class identifier; or an ElementTree
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containing the xml contents of a VerbNet class.
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:return: frames - a list of frame dictionaries
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"""
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if isinstance(vnclass, str):
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vnclass = self.vnclass(vnclass)
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frames = []
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vnframes = vnclass.findall("FRAMES/FRAME")
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for vnframe in vnframes:
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frames.append(
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{
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"example": self._get_example_within_frame(vnframe),
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"description": self._get_description_within_frame(vnframe),
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"syntax": self._get_syntactic_list_within_frame(vnframe),
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"semantics": self._get_semantics_within_frame(vnframe),
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}
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)
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return frames
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def subclasses(self, vnclass):
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"""Returns subclass ids, if any exist
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Given a VerbNet class, this method returns subclass ids (if they exist)
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in a list of strings.
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:param vnclass: A VerbNet class identifier; or an ElementTree
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containing the xml contents of a VerbNet class.
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:return: list of subclasses
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"""
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if isinstance(vnclass, str):
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vnclass = self.vnclass(vnclass)
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subclasses = [
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subclass.get("ID") for subclass in vnclass.findall("SUBCLASSES/VNSUBCLASS")
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]
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return subclasses
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def themroles(self, vnclass):
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"""Returns thematic roles participating in a VerbNet class
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Members returned as part of roles are-
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1) Type
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2) Modifiers
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:param vnclass: A VerbNet class identifier; or an ElementTree
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containing the xml contents of a VerbNet class.
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:return: themroles: A list of thematic roles in the VerbNet class
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"""
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if isinstance(vnclass, str):
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vnclass = self.vnclass(vnclass)
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themroles = []
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for trole in vnclass.findall("THEMROLES/THEMROLE"):
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themroles.append(
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{
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"type": trole.get("type"),
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"modifiers": [
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{"value": restr.get("Value"), "type": restr.get("type")}
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for restr in trole.findall("SELRESTRS/SELRESTR")
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],
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}
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)
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return themroles
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######################################################################
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# { Index Initialization
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######################################################################
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def _index(self):
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"""
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Initialize the indexes ``_lemma_to_class``,
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``_wordnet_to_class``, and ``_class_to_fileid`` by scanning
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through the corpus fileids. This is fast if ElementTree
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uses the C implementation (<0.1 secs), but quite slow (>10 secs)
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if only the python implementation is available.
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"""
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for fileid in self._fileids:
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self._index_helper(self.xml(fileid), fileid)
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def _index_helper(self, xmltree, fileid):
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"""Helper for ``_index()``"""
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vnclass = xmltree.get("ID")
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self._class_to_fileid[vnclass] = fileid
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self._shortid_to_longid[self.shortid(vnclass)] = vnclass
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for member in xmltree.findall("MEMBERS/MEMBER"):
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self._lemma_to_class[member.get("name")].append(vnclass)
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for wn in member.get("wn", "").split():
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self._wordnet_to_class[wn].append(vnclass)
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for subclass in xmltree.findall("SUBCLASSES/VNSUBCLASS"):
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self._index_helper(subclass, fileid)
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def _quick_index(self):
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"""
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Initialize the indexes ``_lemma_to_class``,
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``_wordnet_to_class``, and ``_class_to_fileid`` by scanning
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through the corpus fileids. This doesn't do proper xml parsing,
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but is good enough to find everything in the standard VerbNet
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corpus -- and it runs about 30 times faster than xml parsing
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(with the python ElementTree; only 2-3 times faster
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if ElementTree uses the C implementation).
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"""
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# nb: if we got rid of wordnet_to_class, this would run 2-3
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# times faster.
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for fileid in self._fileids:
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vnclass = fileid[:-4] # strip the '.xml'
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self._class_to_fileid[vnclass] = fileid
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self._shortid_to_longid[self.shortid(vnclass)] = vnclass
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for m in self._INDEX_RE.finditer(self.open(fileid).read()):
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groups = m.groups()
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if groups[0] is not None:
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self._lemma_to_class[groups[0]].append(vnclass)
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for wn in groups[1].split():
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self._wordnet_to_class[wn].append(vnclass)
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elif groups[2] is not None:
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self._class_to_fileid[groups[2]] = fileid
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vnclass = groups[2] # for <MEMBER> elts.
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self._shortid_to_longid[self.shortid(vnclass)] = vnclass
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else:
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assert False, "unexpected match condition"
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######################################################################
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# { Identifier conversion
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######################################################################
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def longid(self, shortid):
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"""Returns longid of a VerbNet class
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Given a short VerbNet class identifier (eg '37.10'), map it
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to a long id (eg 'confess-37.10'). If ``shortid`` is already a
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long id, then return it as-is"""
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if self._LONGID_RE.match(shortid):
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return shortid # it's already a longid.
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elif not self._SHORTID_RE.match(shortid):
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raise ValueError("vnclass identifier %r not found" % shortid)
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try:
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return self._shortid_to_longid[shortid]
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except KeyError:
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raise ValueError("vnclass identifier %r not found" % shortid)
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def shortid(self, longid):
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"""Returns shortid of a VerbNet class
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Given a long VerbNet class identifier (eg 'confess-37.10'),
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map it to a short id (eg '37.10'). If ``longid`` is already a
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short id, then return it as-is."""
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if self._SHORTID_RE.match(longid):
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return longid # it's already a shortid.
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m = self._LONGID_RE.match(longid)
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if m:
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return m.group(2)
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else:
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raise ValueError("vnclass identifier %r not found" % longid)
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######################################################################
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# { Frame access utility functions
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######################################################################
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def _get_semantics_within_frame(self, vnframe):
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"""Returns semantics within a single frame
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A utility function to retrieve semantics within a frame in VerbNet
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Members of the semantics dictionary:
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1) Predicate value
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2) Arguments
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:param vnframe: An ElementTree containing the xml contents of
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a VerbNet frame.
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:return: semantics: semantics dictionary
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"""
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semantics_within_single_frame = []
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for pred in vnframe.findall("SEMANTICS/PRED"):
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arguments = [
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{"type": arg.get("type"), "value": arg.get("value")}
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for arg in pred.findall("ARGS/ARG")
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]
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semantics_within_single_frame.append(
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{"predicate_value": pred.get("value"), "arguments": arguments}
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)
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return semantics_within_single_frame
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def _get_example_within_frame(self, vnframe):
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"""Returns example within a frame
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A utility function to retrieve an example within a frame in VerbNet.
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:param vnframe: An ElementTree containing the xml contents of
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a VerbNet frame.
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:return: example_text: The example sentence for this particular frame
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"""
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example_element = vnframe.find("EXAMPLES/EXAMPLE")
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if example_element is not None:
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example_text = example_element.text
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else:
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example_text = ""
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return example_text
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def _get_description_within_frame(self, vnframe):
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"""Returns member description within frame
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A utility function to retrieve a description of participating members
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within a frame in VerbNet.
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:param vnframe: An ElementTree containing the xml contents of
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a VerbNet frame.
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:return: description: a description dictionary with members - primary and secondary
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"""
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description_element = vnframe.find("DESCRIPTION")
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return {
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"primary": description_element.attrib["primary"],
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"secondary": description_element.get("secondary", ""),
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}
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def _get_syntactic_list_within_frame(self, vnframe):
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"""Returns semantics within a frame
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A utility function to retrieve semantics within a frame in VerbNet.
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Members of the syntactic dictionary:
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1) POS Tag
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2) Modifiers
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:param vnframe: An ElementTree containing the xml contents of
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a VerbNet frame.
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:return: syntax_within_single_frame
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"""
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syntax_within_single_frame = []
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for elt in vnframe.find("SYNTAX"):
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pos_tag = elt.tag
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modifiers = dict()
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modifiers["value"] = elt.get("value") if "value" in elt.attrib else ""
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modifiers["selrestrs"] = [
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{"value": restr.get("Value"), "type": restr.get("type")}
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for restr in elt.findall("SELRESTRS/SELRESTR")
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]
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modifiers["synrestrs"] = [
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{"value": restr.get("Value"), "type": restr.get("type")}
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for restr in elt.findall("SYNRESTRS/SYNRESTR")
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]
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syntax_within_single_frame.append(
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{"pos_tag": pos_tag, "modifiers": modifiers}
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)
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return syntax_within_single_frame
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######################################################################
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# { Pretty Printing
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######################################################################
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def pprint(self, vnclass):
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"""Returns pretty printed version of a VerbNet class
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Return a string containing a pretty-printed representation of
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the given VerbNet class.
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:param vnclass: A VerbNet class identifier; or an ElementTree
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containing the xml contents of a VerbNet class.
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"""
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if isinstance(vnclass, str):
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vnclass = self.vnclass(vnclass)
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s = vnclass.get("ID") + "\n"
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s += self.pprint_subclasses(vnclass, indent=" ") + "\n"
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s += self.pprint_members(vnclass, indent=" ") + "\n"
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s += " Thematic roles:\n"
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s += self.pprint_themroles(vnclass, indent=" ") + "\n"
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s += " Frames:\n"
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s += self.pprint_frames(vnclass, indent=" ")
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return s
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def pprint_subclasses(self, vnclass, indent=""):
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"""Returns pretty printed version of subclasses of VerbNet class
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Return a string containing a pretty-printed representation of
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the given VerbNet class's subclasses.
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:param vnclass: A VerbNet class identifier; or an ElementTree
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containing the xml contents of a VerbNet class.
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"""
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if isinstance(vnclass, str):
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vnclass = self.vnclass(vnclass)
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subclasses = self.subclasses(vnclass)
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if not subclasses:
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subclasses = ["(none)"]
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s = "Subclasses: " + " ".join(subclasses)
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return textwrap.fill(
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s, 70, initial_indent=indent, subsequent_indent=indent + " "
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)
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def pprint_members(self, vnclass, indent=""):
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"""Returns pretty printed version of members in a VerbNet class
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Return a string containing a pretty-printed representation of
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the given VerbNet class's member verbs.
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:param vnclass: A VerbNet class identifier; or an ElementTree
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containing the xml contents of a VerbNet class.
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"""
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if isinstance(vnclass, str):
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vnclass = self.vnclass(vnclass)
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members = self.lemmas(vnclass)
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if not members:
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members = ["(none)"]
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s = "Members: " + " ".join(members)
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return textwrap.fill(
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s, 70, initial_indent=indent, subsequent_indent=indent + " "
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)
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def pprint_themroles(self, vnclass, indent=""):
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"""Returns pretty printed version of thematic roles in a VerbNet class
|
|
|
|
Return a string containing a pretty-printed representation of
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|
the given VerbNet class's thematic roles.
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|
|
|
:param vnclass: A VerbNet class identifier; or an ElementTree
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|
containing the xml contents of a VerbNet class.
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|
"""
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if isinstance(vnclass, str):
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vnclass = self.vnclass(vnclass)
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|
|
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pieces = []
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for themrole in self.themroles(vnclass):
|
|
piece = indent + "* " + themrole.get("type")
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modifiers = [
|
|
modifier["value"] + modifier["type"]
|
|
for modifier in themrole["modifiers"]
|
|
]
|
|
if modifiers:
|
|
piece += "[{}]".format(" ".join(modifiers))
|
|
pieces.append(piece)
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|
return "\n".join(pieces)
|
|
|
|
def pprint_frames(self, vnclass, indent=""):
|
|
"""Returns pretty version of all frames in a VerbNet class
|
|
|
|
Return a string containing a pretty-printed representation of
|
|
the list of frames within the VerbNet class.
|
|
|
|
:param vnclass: A VerbNet class identifier; or an ElementTree
|
|
containing the xml contents of a VerbNet class.
|
|
"""
|
|
if isinstance(vnclass, str):
|
|
vnclass = self.vnclass(vnclass)
|
|
pieces = []
|
|
for vnframe in self.frames(vnclass):
|
|
pieces.append(self._pprint_single_frame(vnframe, indent))
|
|
return "\n".join(pieces)
|
|
|
|
def _pprint_single_frame(self, vnframe, indent=""):
|
|
"""Returns pretty printed version of a single frame in a VerbNet class
|
|
|
|
Returns a string containing a pretty-printed representation of
|
|
the given frame.
|
|
|
|
:param vnframe: An ElementTree containing the xml contents of
|
|
a VerbNet frame.
|
|
"""
|
|
frame_string = self._pprint_description_within_frame(vnframe, indent) + "\n"
|
|
frame_string += self._pprint_example_within_frame(vnframe, indent + " ") + "\n"
|
|
frame_string += (
|
|
self._pprint_syntax_within_frame(vnframe, indent + " Syntax: ") + "\n"
|
|
)
|
|
frame_string += indent + " Semantics:\n"
|
|
frame_string += self._pprint_semantics_within_frame(vnframe, indent + " ")
|
|
return frame_string
|
|
|
|
def _pprint_example_within_frame(self, vnframe, indent=""):
|
|
"""Returns pretty printed version of example within frame in a VerbNet class
|
|
|
|
Return a string containing a pretty-printed representation of
|
|
the given VerbNet frame example.
|
|
|
|
:param vnframe: An ElementTree containing the xml contents of
|
|
a Verbnet frame.
|
|
"""
|
|
if vnframe["example"]:
|
|
return indent + " Example: " + vnframe["example"]
|
|
|
|
def _pprint_description_within_frame(self, vnframe, indent=""):
|
|
"""Returns pretty printed version of a VerbNet frame description
|
|
|
|
Return a string containing a pretty-printed representation of
|
|
the given VerbNet frame description.
|
|
|
|
:param vnframe: An ElementTree containing the xml contents of
|
|
a VerbNet frame.
|
|
"""
|
|
description = indent + vnframe["description"]["primary"]
|
|
if vnframe["description"]["secondary"]:
|
|
description += " ({})".format(vnframe["description"]["secondary"])
|
|
return description
|
|
|
|
def _pprint_syntax_within_frame(self, vnframe, indent=""):
|
|
"""Returns pretty printed version of syntax within a frame in a VerbNet class
|
|
|
|
Return a string containing a pretty-printed representation of
|
|
the given VerbNet frame syntax.
|
|
|
|
:param vnframe: An ElementTree containing the xml contents of
|
|
a VerbNet frame.
|
|
"""
|
|
pieces = []
|
|
for element in vnframe["syntax"]:
|
|
piece = element["pos_tag"]
|
|
modifier_list = []
|
|
if "value" in element["modifiers"] and element["modifiers"]["value"]:
|
|
modifier_list.append(element["modifiers"]["value"])
|
|
modifier_list += [
|
|
"{}{}".format(restr["value"], restr["type"])
|
|
for restr in (
|
|
element["modifiers"]["selrestrs"]
|
|
+ element["modifiers"]["synrestrs"]
|
|
)
|
|
]
|
|
if modifier_list:
|
|
piece += "[{}]".format(" ".join(modifier_list))
|
|
pieces.append(piece)
|
|
|
|
return indent + " ".join(pieces)
|
|
|
|
def _pprint_semantics_within_frame(self, vnframe, indent=""):
|
|
"""Returns a pretty printed version of semantics within frame in a VerbNet class
|
|
|
|
Return a string containing a pretty-printed representation of
|
|
the given VerbNet frame semantics.
|
|
|
|
:param vnframe: An ElementTree containing the xml contents of
|
|
a VerbNet frame.
|
|
"""
|
|
pieces = []
|
|
for predicate in vnframe["semantics"]:
|
|
arguments = [argument["value"] for argument in predicate["arguments"]]
|
|
pieces.append(
|
|
"{}({})".format(predicate["predicate_value"], ", ".join(arguments))
|
|
)
|
|
return "\n".join("{}* {}".format(indent, piece) for piece in pieces)
|