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441 lines
18 KiB
Python
441 lines
18 KiB
Python
5 years ago
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#### PATTERN | ES | INFLECT ########################################################################
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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# Copyright (c) 2012 University of Antwerp, Belgium
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# Author: Tom De Smedt <tom@organisms.be>
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# License: BSD (see LICENSE.txt for details).
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####################################################################################################
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# Regular expressions-based rules for Spanish word inflection:
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# - pluralization and singularization of nouns,
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# - conjugation of verbs,
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# - predicative adjectives.
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# Accuracy:
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# 78% for pluralize()
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# 94% for singularize()
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# 81% for Verbs.find_lemma() (0.55 regular 87% + 0.45 irregular 74%)
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# 87% for Verbs.find_lexeme() (0.55 regular 99% + 0.45 irregular 72%)
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# 93% for predicative()
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from __future__ import unicode_literals
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from __future__ import division
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from builtins import str, bytes, dict, int
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from builtins import map, zip, filter
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from builtins import object, range
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import os
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import sys
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import re
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try:
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MODULE = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
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except:
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MODULE = ""
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sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(MODULE, "..", "..", "..", ".."))
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from pattern.text import Verbs as _Verbs
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from pattern.text import (
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INFINITIVE, PRESENT, PAST, FUTURE, CONDITIONAL,
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FIRST, SECOND, THIRD,
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SINGULAR, PLURAL, SG, PL,
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INDICATIVE, IMPERATIVE, SUBJUNCTIVE,
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IMPERFECTIVE, PERFECTIVE, PROGRESSIVE,
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IMPERFECT, PRETERITE,
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PARTICIPLE, GERUND
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)
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sys.path.pop(0)
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VERB, NOUN, ADJECTIVE, ADVERB = "VB", "NN", "JJ", "RB"
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VOWELS = ("a", "e", "i", "o", "u")
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re_vowel = re.compile(r"a|e|i|o|u", re.I)
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is_vowel = lambda ch: ch in VOWELS
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def normalize(vowel):
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return {"á": "a", "é": "e", "í": "i", "ó": "o", "ú": "u"}.get(vowel, vowel)
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#### ARTICLE #######################################################################################
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# Spanish inflection of depends on gender and number.
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# Inflection gender.
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MASCULINE, FEMININE, NEUTER, PLURAL = \
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MALE, FEMALE, NEUTRAL, PLURAL = \
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M, F, N, PL = "m", "f", "n", "p"
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def definite_article(word, gender=MALE):
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""" Returns the definite article (el/la/los/las) for a given word.
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"""
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if MASCULINE in gender:
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return PLURAL in gender and "los" or "el"
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return PLURAL in gender and "las" or "la"
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def indefinite_article(word, gender=MALE):
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""" Returns the indefinite article (un/una/unos/unas) for a given word.
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"""
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if MASCULINE in gender:
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return PLURAL in gender and "unos" or "un"
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return PLURAL in gender and "unas" or "una"
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DEFINITE = "definite"
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INDEFINITE = "indefinite"
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def article(word, function=INDEFINITE, gender=MALE):
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""" Returns the indefinite (un) or definite (el) article for the given word.
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"""
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return function == DEFINITE \
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and definite_article(word, gender) \
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or indefinite_article(word, gender)
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_article = article
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def referenced(word, article=INDEFINITE, gender=MALE):
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""" Returns a string with the article + the word.
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"""
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return "%s %s" % (_article(word, article, gender), word)
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#### PLURALIZE #####################################################################################
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plural_irregular = {
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"mamá": "mamás",
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"papá": "papás",
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"sofá": "sofás",
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"dominó": "dominós",
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}
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def pluralize(word, pos=NOUN, custom={}):
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""" Returns the plural of a given word.
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For example: gato => gatos.
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The custom dictionary is for user-defined replacements.
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"""
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if word in custom:
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return custom[word]
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w = word.lower()
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# Article: masculine el => los, feminine la => las.
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if w == "el":
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return "los"
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if w == "la":
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return "las"
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# Irregular inflections.
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if w in plural_irregular:
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return plural_irregular[w]
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# Words endings that are unlikely to inflect.
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if w.endswith((
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"idad",
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"esis", "isis", "osis",
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"dica", "grafía", "logía")):
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return w
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# Words ending in a vowel get -s: gato => gatos.
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if w.endswith(VOWELS) or w.endswith("é"):
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return w + "s"
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# Words ending in a stressed vowel get -s: hindú => hindúes.
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if w.endswith(("á", "é", "í", "ó", "ú")):
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return w + "es"
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# Words ending in -és get -eses: holandés => holandeses.
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if w.endswith("és"):
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return w[:-2] + "eses"
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# Words ending in -s preceded by an unstressed vowel: gafas => gafas.
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if w.endswith("s") and len(w) > 3 and is_vowel(w[-2]):
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return w
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# Words ending in -z get -ces: luz => luces
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if w.endswith("z"):
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return w[:-1] + "ces"
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# Words that change vowel stress: graduación => graduaciones.
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for a, b in (
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("án", "anes"),
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("én", "enes"),
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("ín", "ines"),
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("ón", "ones"),
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("ún", "unes")):
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if w.endswith(a):
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return w[:-2] + b
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# Words ending in a consonant get -es.
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return w + "es"
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#print(pluralize("libro")) # libros
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#print(pluralize("señor")) # señores
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#print(pluralize("ley")) # leyes
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#print(pluralize("mes")) # meses
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#print(pluralize("luz")) # luces
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#print(pluralize("inglés")) # ingleses
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#print(pluralize("rubí")) # rubíes
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#print(pluralize("papá")) # papás
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#### SINGULARIZE ###################################################################################
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def singularize(word, pos=NOUN, custom={}):
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if word in custom:
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return custom[word]
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w = word.lower()
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# los gatos => el gato
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if pos == "DT":
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if w in ("la", "las", "los"):
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return "el"
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if w in ("una", "unas", "unos"):
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return "un"
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return w
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# hombres => hombre
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if w.endswith("es") and w[:-2].endswith(("br", "i", "j", "t", "zn")):
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return w[:-1]
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# gestiones => gestión
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for a, b in (
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("anes", "án"),
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("enes", "én"),
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("eses", "és"),
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("ines", "ín"),
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("ones", "ón"),
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("unes", "ún")):
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if w.endswith(a):
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return w[:-4] + b
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# hipotesis => hipothesis
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if w.endswith(("esis", "isis", "osis")):
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return w
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# luces => luz
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if w.endswith("ces"):
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return w[:-3] + "z"
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# hospitales => hospital
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if w.endswith("es"):
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return w[:-2]
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# gatos => gato
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if w.endswith("s"):
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return w[:-1]
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return w
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#### VERB CONJUGATION ##############################################################################
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verb_irregular_inflections = [
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( "yéramos", "ir" ), ( "cisteis", "cer" ), ( "tuviera", "tener"), ( "ndieron", "nder" ),
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( "ndiendo", "nder" ), ( "tándose", "tarse" ), ( "ndieran", "nder" ), ( "ndieras", "nder" ),
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( "izaréis", "izar" ), ( "disteis", "der" ), ( "irtiera", "ertir"), ( "pusiera", "poner"),
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( "endiste", "ender"), ( "laremos", "lar" ), ( "ndíamos", "nder" ), ( "icaréis", "icar" ),
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( "dábamos", "dar" ), ( "intiera", "entir" ), ( "iquemos", "icar" ), ( "jéramos", "cir" ),
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( "dierais", "der" ), ( "endiera", "ender" ), ( "iéndose", "erse" ), ( "jisteis", "cir" ),
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( "cierais", "cer" ), ( "ecíamos", "ecer" ), ( "áramos", "ar" ), ( "ríamos", "r" ),
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( "éramos", "r" ), ( "iríais", "ir" ), ( "temos", "tar" ), ( "steis", "r" ),
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( "ciera", "cer" ), ( "erais", "r" ), ( "timos", "tir" ), ( "uemos", "ar" ),
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( "tiera", "tir" ), ( "bimos", "bir" ), ( "ciéis", "ciar" ), ( "gimos", "gir" ),
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( "jiste", "cir" ), ( "mimos", "mir" ), ( "guéis", "gar" ), ( "stéis", "star" ),
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( "jimos", "cir" ), ( "inéis", "inar" ), ( "jemos", "jar" ), ( "tenga", "tener"),
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( "quéis", "car" ), ( "bíais", "bir" ), ( "jeron", "cir" ), ( "uíais", "uir" ),
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( "ntéis", "ntar" ), ( "jeras", "cir" ), ( "jeran", "cir" ), ( "ducía", "ducir" ),
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( "yendo", "ir" ), ( "eemos", "ear" ), ( "ierta", "ertir"), ( "ierte", "ertir"),
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( "nemos", "nar" ), ( "ngáis", "ner" ), ( "liera", "ler" ), ( "endió", "ender" ),
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( "uyáis", "uir" ), ( "memos", "mar" ), ( "ciste", "cer" ), ( "ujera", "ucir" ),
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( "uimos", "uir" ), ( "ienda", "ender" ), ( "lléis", "llar" ), ( "iemos", "iar" ),
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( "iende", "ender"), ( "rimos", "rir" ), ( "semos", "sar" ), ( "itéis", "itar" ),
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( "gíais", "gir" ), ( "ndáis", "nder" ), ( "tíais", "tir" ), ( "demos", "dar" ),
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( "lemos", "lar" ), ( "ponga", "poner" ), ( "yamos", "ir" ), ( "icéis", "izar" ),
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( "bais", "r" ), ( "rías", "r" ), ( "rían", "r" ), ( "iría", "ir" ),
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( "eran", "r" ), ( "eras", "r" ), ( "irán", "ir" ), ( "irás", "ir" ),
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( "ongo", "oner" ), ( "aiga", "aer" ), ( "ímos", "ir" ), ( "ibía", "ibir" ),
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( "diga", "decir"), ( "edía", "edir" ), ( "orte", "ortar"), ( "guió", "guir" ),
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( "iega", "egar" ), ( "oren", "orar" ), ( "ores", "orar" ), ( "léis", "lar" ),
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( "irme", "irmar"), ( "siga", "seguir"), ( "séis", "sar" ), ( "stré", "strar" ),
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( "cien", "ciar" ), ( "cies", "ciar" ), ( "dujo", "ducir"), ( "eses", "esar" ),
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( "esen", "esar" ), ( "coja", "coger" ), ( "lice", "lizar"), ( "tías", "tir" ),
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( "tían", "tir" ), ( "pare", "parar" ), ( "gres", "grar" ), ( "gren", "grar" ),
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( "tuvo", "tener"), ( "uían", "uir" ), ( "uías", "uir" ), ( "quen", "car" ),
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( "ques", "car" ), ( "téis", "tar" ), ( "iero", "erir" ), ( "iere", "erir" ),
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( "uche", "uchar"), ( "tuve", "tener" ), ( "inen", "inar" ), ( "pire", "pirar"),
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( "reía", "reir" ), ( "uste", "ustar" ), ( "ibió", "ibir" ), ( "duce", "ducir"),
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( "icen", "izar" ), ( "ices", "izar" ), ( "ines", "inar" ), ( "ires", "irar" ),
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( "iren", "irar" ), ( "duje", "ducir" ), ( "ille", "illar"), ( "urre", "urrir"),
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( "tido", "tir" ), ( "ndió", "nder" ), ( "uido", "uir" ), ( "uces", "ucir" ),
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( "ucen", "ucir" ), ( "iéis", "iar" ), ( "eció", "ecer" ), ( "jéis", "jar" ),
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( "erve", "ervar"), ( "uyas", "uir" ), ( "uyan", "uir" ), ( "tía", "tir" ),
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( "uía", "uir" ), ( "aos", "arse" ), ( "gue", "gar" ), ( "qué", "car" ),
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( "que", "car" ), ( "rse", "rse" ), ( "ste", "r" ), ( "era", "r" ),
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( "tió", "tir" ), ( "ine", "inar" ), ( "ré", "r" ), ( "ya", "ir" ),
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( "ye", "ir" ), ( "tí", "tir" ), ( "cé", "zar" ), ( "ie", "iar" ),
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( "id", "ir" ), ( "ué", "ar" ),
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]
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class Verbs(_Verbs):
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def __init__(self):
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_Verbs.__init__(self, os.path.join(MODULE, "es-verbs.txt"),
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language = "es",
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default = {},
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format = [
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0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, # indicativo presente
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34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 24, # indicativo pretérito
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17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, # indicativo imperfecto
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40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, # indicativo futuro
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46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, # indicativo condicional
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52, 54, # imperativo afirmativo
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55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, # subjuntivo presente
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67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72 # subjuntivo imperfecto
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])
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def find_lemma(self, verb):
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""" Returns the base form of the given inflected verb, using a rule-based approach.
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"""
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# Spanish has 12,000+ verbs, ending in -ar (85%), -er (8%), -ir (7%).
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# Over 65% of -ar verbs (6500+) have a regular inflection.
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v = verb.lower()
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# Probably ends in -ir if preceding vowel in stem is -i.
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er_ir = lambda b: (len(b) > 2 and b[-2] == "i") and b + "ir" or b + "er"
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# Probably infinitive if ends in -ar, -er or -ir.
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if v.endswith(("ar", "er", "ir")):
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return v
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# Ruleset for irregular inflections adds 10% accuracy.
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for a, b in verb_irregular_inflections:
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if v.endswith(a):
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return v[:-len(a)] + b
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# reconozco => reconocer
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v = v.replace("zco", "ce")
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# reconozcamos => reconocer
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v = v.replace("zca", "ce")
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# reconozcáis => reconocer
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v = v.replace("zcá", "ce")
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# saldrár => saler
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if "ldr" in v:
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return v[:v.index("ldr") + 1] + "er"
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# compondrán => componer
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if "ndr" in v:
|
||
|
|
return v[:v.index("ndr") + 1] + "er"
|
||
|
|
# Many verbs end in -ar and have a regular inflection:
|
||
|
|
for x in ((
|
||
|
|
"ando", "ado", "ad", # participle
|
||
|
|
"aré", "arás", "ará", "aremos", "aréis", "arán", # future
|
||
|
|
"aría", "arías", "aríamos", "aríais", "arían", # conditional
|
||
|
|
"aba", "abas", "ábamos", "abais", "aban", # past imperfective
|
||
|
|
"é", "aste", "ó", "asteis", "aron", # past perfective
|
||
|
|
"ara", "aras", "áramos", "arais", "aran")): # past subjunctive
|
||
|
|
if v.endswith(x):
|
||
|
|
return v[:-len(x)] + "ar"
|
||
|
|
# Many verbs end in -er and have a regular inflection:
|
||
|
|
for x in ((
|
||
|
|
"iendo", "ido", "ed", # participle
|
||
|
|
"eré", "erás", "erá", "eremos", "eréis", "erán", # future
|
||
|
|
"ería", "erías", "eríamos", "eríais", "erían", # conditional
|
||
|
|
"ía", "ías", "íamos", "íais", "ían", # past imperfective
|
||
|
|
"í", "iste", "ió", "imos", "isteis", "ieron", # past perfective
|
||
|
|
"era", "eras", "éramos", "erais", "eran")): # past subjunctive
|
||
|
|
if v.endswith(x):
|
||
|
|
return er_ir(v[:-len(x)])
|
||
|
|
# Many verbs end in -ir and have a regular inflection:
|
||
|
|
for x in ((
|
||
|
|
"iré", "irás", "irá", "iremos", "iréis", "irán", # future
|
||
|
|
"iría", "irías", "iríamos", "iríais", "irían")): # past subjunctive
|
||
|
|
if v.endswith(x):
|
||
|
|
return v[:-len(x)] + "ir"
|
||
|
|
# Present 1sg -o: yo hablo, como, vivo => hablar, comer, vivir.
|
||
|
|
if v.endswith("o"):
|
||
|
|
return v[:-1] + "ar"
|
||
|
|
# Present 2sg, 3sg and 3pl: tú hablas.
|
||
|
|
if v.endswith(("as", "a", "an")):
|
||
|
|
return v.rstrip("sn")[:-1] + "ar"
|
||
|
|
# Present 2sg, 3sg and 3pl: tú comes, tú vives.
|
||
|
|
if v.endswith(("es", "e", "en")):
|
||
|
|
return er_ir(v.rstrip("sn")[:-1])
|
||
|
|
# Present 1pl and 2pl: nosotros hablamos.
|
||
|
|
for i, x in enumerate((
|
||
|
|
("amos", "áis"),
|
||
|
|
("emos", "éis"),
|
||
|
|
("imos", "ís"))):
|
||
|
|
for x in x:
|
||
|
|
if v.endswith(x):
|
||
|
|
return v[:-len(x)] + ("ar", "er", "ir")[i]
|
||
|
|
return v
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def find_lexeme(self, verb):
|
||
|
|
""" For a regular verb (base form), returns the forms using a rule-based approach.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
v = verb.lower()
|
||
|
|
if v.endswith(("arse", "erse", "irse")):
|
||
|
|
# Reflexive verbs: calmarse (calmar) => me calmo.
|
||
|
|
b = v[:-4]
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
b = v[:-2]
|
||
|
|
if v.endswith("ar") or not v.endswith(("er", "ir")):
|
||
|
|
# Regular inflection for verbs ending in -ar.
|
||
|
|
return [v,
|
||
|
|
b + "o", b + "as", b + "a", b + "amos", b + "áis", b + "an", b + "ando",
|
||
|
|
b + "é", b + "aste", b + "ó", b + "amos", b + "asteis", b + "aron", b + "ado",
|
||
|
|
b + "aba", b + "abas", b + "aba", b + "ábamos", b + "abais", b + "aban",
|
||
|
|
v + "é", v + "ás", v + "á", v + "emos", v + "éis", v + "án",
|
||
|
|
v + "ía", v + "ías", v + "ía", v + "íamos", v + "íais", v + "ían",
|
||
|
|
b + "a", v[:-1] + "d",
|
||
|
|
b + "e", b + "es", b + "e", b + "emos", b + "éis", b + "en",
|
||
|
|
v + "a", v + "as", v + "a", b + "áramos", v + "ais", v + "an"]
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
# Regular inflection for verbs ending in -er and -ir.
|
||
|
|
p1, p2 = v.endswith("er") and ("e", "é") or ("i", "e")
|
||
|
|
return [v,
|
||
|
|
b + "o", b + "es", b + "e", b + p1 + "mos", b + p2 + "is", b + "en", b + "iendo",
|
||
|
|
b + "í", b + "iste", b + "ió", b + "imos", b + "isteis", b + "ieron", b + "ido",
|
||
|
|
b + "ía", b + "ías", b + "ía", b + "íamos", b + "íais", b + "ían",
|
||
|
|
v + "é", v + "ás", v + "á", v + "emos", v + "éis", v + "án",
|
||
|
|
v + "ía", v + "ías", v + "ía", v + "íamos", v + "íais", v + "ían",
|
||
|
|
b + "a", v[:-1] + "d",
|
||
|
|
b + "a", b + "as", b + "a", b + "amos", b + "áis", b + "an",
|
||
|
|
b + "iera", b + "ieras", b + "iera", b + "iéramos", b + "ierais", b + "ieran"]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
verbs = Verbs()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
conjugate, lemma, lexeme, tenses = \
|
||
|
|
verbs.conjugate, verbs.lemma, verbs.lexeme, verbs.tenses
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#### ATTRIBUTIVE & PREDICATIVE #####################################################################
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def attributive(adjective, gender=MALE):
|
||
|
|
w = adjective.lower()
|
||
|
|
# normal => normales
|
||
|
|
if PLURAL in gender and not is_vowel(w[-1:]):
|
||
|
|
return w + "es"
|
||
|
|
# el chico inteligente => los chicos inteligentes
|
||
|
|
if PLURAL in gender and w.endswith(("a", "e")):
|
||
|
|
return w + "s"
|
||
|
|
# el chico alto => los chicos altos
|
||
|
|
if w.endswith("o"):
|
||
|
|
if FEMININE in gender and PLURAL in gender:
|
||
|
|
return w[:-1] + "as"
|
||
|
|
if FEMININE in gender:
|
||
|
|
return w[:-1] + "a"
|
||
|
|
if PLURAL in gender:
|
||
|
|
return w + "s"
|
||
|
|
return w
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#print(attributive("intelligente", gender=PLURAL)) # intelligentes
|
||
|
|
#print(attributive("alto", gender=MALE+PLURAL)) # altos
|
||
|
|
#print(attributive("alto", gender=FEMALE+PLURAL)) # altas
|
||
|
|
#print(attributive("normal", gender=MALE)) # normal
|
||
|
|
#print(attributive("normal", gender=FEMALE)) # normal
|
||
|
|
#print(attributive("normal", gender=PLURAL)) # normales
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def predicative(adjective):
|
||
|
|
""" Returns the predicative adjective (lowercase).
|
||
|
|
In Spanish, the attributive form is always used for descriptive adjectives:
|
||
|
|
"el chico alto" => masculine,
|
||
|
|
"la chica alta" => feminine.
|
||
|
|
The predicative is useful for lemmatization.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
w = adjective.lower()
|
||
|
|
# histéricos => histérico
|
||
|
|
if w.endswith(("os", "as")):
|
||
|
|
w = w[:-1]
|
||
|
|
# histérico => histérico
|
||
|
|
if w.endswith("o"):
|
||
|
|
return w
|
||
|
|
# histérica => histérico
|
||
|
|
if w.endswith("a"):
|
||
|
|
return w[:-1] + "o"
|
||
|
|
# horribles => horrible, humorales => humoral
|
||
|
|
if w.endswith("es"):
|
||
|
|
if len(w) >= 4 and not is_vowel(normalize(w[-3])) and not is_vowel(normalize(w[-4])):
|
||
|
|
return w[:-1]
|
||
|
|
return w[:-2]
|
||
|
|
return w
|