bo-graduation/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/nltk/test/internals.doctest

.. Copyright (C) 2001-2020 NLTK Project
.. For license information, see LICENSE.TXT

==========================================
 Unit tests for the nltk.utilities module
==========================================

overridden()
~~~~~~~~~~~~
    >>> from nltk.internals import overridden

The typical use case is in defining methods for an interface or
abstract base class, in such a way that subclasses don't have to
implement all of the methods:

    >>> class EaterI(object):
    ...     '''Subclass must define eat() or batch_eat().'''
    ...     def eat(self, food):
    ...         if overridden(self.batch_eat):
    ...             return self.batch_eat([food])[0]
    ...         else:
    ...             raise NotImplementedError()
    ...     def batch_eat(self, foods):
    ...         return [self.eat(food) for food in foods]

As long as a subclass implements one method, it will be used to
perform the other method:

    >>> class GoodEater1(EaterI):
    ...     def eat(self, food):
    ...         return 'yum'
    >>> GoodEater1().eat('steak')
    'yum'
    >>> GoodEater1().batch_eat(['steak', 'peas'])
    ['yum', 'yum']

    >>> class GoodEater2(EaterI):
    ...     def batch_eat(self, foods):
    ...         return ['yum' for food in foods]
    >>> GoodEater2().eat('steak')
    'yum'
    >>> GoodEater2().batch_eat(['steak', 'peas'])
    ['yum', 'yum']

But if a subclass doesn't implement either one, then they'll get an
error when they try to call them.  (nb this is better than infinite
recursion):

    >>> class BadEater1(EaterI):
    ...     pass
    >>> BadEater1().eat('steak')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      . . .
    NotImplementedError
    >>> BadEater1().batch_eat(['steak', 'peas'])
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      . . .
    NotImplementedError

Trying to use the abstract base class itself will also result in an
error:

    >>> class EaterI(EaterI):
    ...     pass
    >>> EaterI().eat('steak')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      . . .
    NotImplementedError
    >>> EaterI().batch_eat(['steak', 'peas'])
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      . . .
    NotImplementedError

It's ok to use intermediate abstract classes:

    >>> class AbstractEater(EaterI):
    ...     pass

    >>> class GoodEater3(AbstractEater):
    ...     def eat(self, food):
    ...         return 'yum'
    ...
    >>> GoodEater3().eat('steak')
    'yum'
    >>> GoodEater3().batch_eat(['steak', 'peas'])
    ['yum', 'yum']

    >>> class GoodEater4(AbstractEater):
    ...     def batch_eat(self, foods):
    ...         return ['yum' for food in foods]
    >>> GoodEater4().eat('steak')
    'yum'
    >>> GoodEater4().batch_eat(['steak', 'peas'])
    ['yum', 'yum']

    >>> class BadEater2(AbstractEater):
    ...     pass
    >>> BadEater2().eat('steak')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      . . .
    NotImplementedError
    >>> BadEater2().batch_eat(['steak', 'peas'])
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      . . .
    NotImplementedError

Here's some extra tests:

    >>> class A(object):
    ...     def f(x): pass
    >>> class B(A):
    ...     def f(x): pass
    >>> class C(A): pass
    >>> class D(B): pass

    >>> overridden(A().f)
    False
    >>> overridden(B().f)
    True
    >>> overridden(C().f)
    False
    >>> overridden(D().f)
    True

It works for classic classes, too:

    >>> class A:
    ...     def f(x): pass
    >>> class B(A):
    ...     def f(x): pass
    >>> class C(A): pass
    >>> class D(B): pass
    >>> overridden(A().f)
    False
    >>> overridden(B().f)
    True
    >>> overridden(C().f)
    False
    >>> overridden(D().f)
    True