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<article class="node node-transcript node-promoted view-full clearfix links-processed" data-episode="667" data-episode-id="44127">
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<h1 style="color:LightGray;">667: Wartime Radio</h1>
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<div class="field-name-field-notes"><p style="color:LightGray;">Note: This American Life is
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produced for the ear and designed to be heard. If you are able, we
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strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion
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and emphasis that's not on the page. Transcripts are generated using a
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combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and
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may contain errors. Please check the corresponding audio before quoting
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in print.</p></div> </header>
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<h3 style="color:LightGray;">Prologue: Prologue</h3>
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<div style="color:red; font-size:14px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;"><p>This text is a transcript of a radio program about a self-organised radio station in Syria during the conflicts, called Radio Fresh.</p><p> Some parts of the text have been removed.</p></div>
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<div style="color:red; font-size:30px; text-align: center;"> (...) </div>
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<div style="color:LightGray;" class="host"><h4>Dana Ballout</h4><p begin="00:49:43.75">
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He says the response is very simple. Have you heard anything on Radio
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Fresh that sounds like we're supporting the Americans? We're always
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trying to prod them on the radio, with our banners. We have opinions
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about them, and we don't hide them. Raed's vision of democracy meant
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everyone in Kafrenbel had an equal say in what was happening, including
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women.</p><p begin="00:50:03.76">He wanted their voices on the radio
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too. Although that was such a daring idea for Kafrenbel, even his friend
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Hadi wondered whether it was possible.</p></div><div style="color:LightGray;" class="subject"><h4>Hadi Abdullah</h4><p begin="00:50:11.47"> [SPEAKING ARABIC]</p></div><div style="color:LightGray;" class="subject"><h4>Interpreter</h4><p begin="00:50:12.78"> And I was like, how? He was like, "Easy. You find women, we hire them, we train them."</p></div><div style="color:LightGray;" class="host"><h4>Dana Ballout</h4><p begin="00:50:18.82">
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This was bold, because almost no women in the village worked outside
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the home. They took care of the kids and the homes. That was it. And it
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was bold because of who was running Kafrenbel at the time. Raed was
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always offending the local leaders, including just about everyone who
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was in charge of Kafrenbel over the last eight years.</p><p begin="00:50:36.74">First,
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the Free Syrian Army was offended by a banner, so they came to the
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radio station and kidnapped two guys. Next, ISIS attacked the station in
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2013. A couple weeks later, they shot Raed multiple times, almost
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killing him. But when Raed was deciding to put women on the air in 2015,
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two years after Radio Fresh had started, Kafrenbel was run by a new
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extremist Islamist group, Nusra, al-Qaeda's branch in Syria. Raed knew
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they wouldn't like this, but he went for it anyway.</p></div><div class="subject"><h4>Hiba Abboud</h4><p begin="00:51:07.42"> [SPEAKING ARABIC]</p><p begin="00:51:08.88"></p></div><div class="host"><h4>Dana Ballout</h4><p begin="00:51:17.05">
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That's Hiba Abboud introducing the afternoon newscast. She's now the
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director of the women's division of Radio Fresh. She talked to me from
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the women's office over Skype.</p></div><div class="subject"><h4>Hiba Abboud</h4><p begin="00:51:26.26"> [SPEAKING ARABIC]</p></div><div class="subject"><h4>Interpreter</h4><p begin="00:51:34.00"> I never imagined that I would hear my own voice, or that I would be a reporter. Never.</p></div><div class="host"><h4>Dana Ballout</h4><p begin="00:51:40.10">
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Hiba was a young newlywed who had just moved to town when she heard
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that Radio Fresh was recruiting women to go on air. She'd been listening
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to the radio and was curious what it was like to make it. So she, along
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with 20 other women, went to the first training. They did icebreakers,
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spent three days on voice technique.</p></div><div style="color:LightGray;" class="subject"><h4>Hiba Abboud</h4><p begin="00:51:56.77"> [SPEAKING ARABIC]</p></div><div style="color:LightGray;" class="subject"><h4>Interpreter</h4><p begin="00:52:01.87"> I don't know if you know this one, but when you put your pen in your mouth, this is a way to open up your voice.</p></div><div style="color:LightGray;" class="host"><h4>Dana Ballout</h4><p begin="00:52:08.08"> I did not know this one. Neither did most of the people at <i>This</i> <i>American</i> <i>Life.</i></p></div><div class="subject"><h4>Interpreter</h4><p begin="00:52:12.01"> And how to be as a presenter, and how to take breaths from your belly.</p></div><div class="host"><h4>Dana Ballout</h4><p begin="00:52:16.43">
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Hiba passed the training and began working at the station, made news
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shows, programs about women's rights, interviews with local women who
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had lost their husbands in the war. By the time Raed put Hiba and the
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other women on the air in 2015, the Islamists in charge of Kafrenbel,
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Nusra, already hated Radio Fresh.</p><p style="color:LightGray;" begin="00:52:35.17">The station
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poked fun at them in all sorts of ways. For being illiterate,
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hypocritical. One satire depicted their religious police rushing people
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to the mosque without actually understanding the rules of prayer. Nusra
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assigned people to listen to Radio Fresh in shifts. They issued regular
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warnings and threats to the station whenever they heard something they
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didn't like.</p><p begin="00:52:55.42">Now Radio Fresh got a lot of
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warnings for having women on air. Nusra considered their voices
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shameful, a form of nakedness. Finally, in January 2016, Nusra had had
|
|
enough. They burst in one morning to shut the station down, broke down
|
|
the door, faces covered, carrying machine guns. They took everything--
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laptops, the transmitter, Hadi's hookah, flash drives. Hiba and the
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|
other women watched the Nusra guys ransack the main station from another
|
|
building, the women's office just up the hill.</p></div><div class="subject"><h4>Hiba Abboud</h4><p begin="00:53:27.03"> [SPEAKING ARABIC]</p><p begin="00:53:28.49"></p></div><div class="subject"><h4>Interpreter</h4><p begin="00:53:30.29">
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And we looked out the window when we heard a lot of noise. So us girls,
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we just started gathering everything and hiding it. Because we said,
|
|
you know, they were going to come to us next.</p></div><div class="host"><h4>Dana Ballout</h4><p begin="00:53:38.76"> They quickly rearranged the office to make it look more like a home.</p></div><div style="color:LightGray;" class="subject"><h4>Hiba Abboud</h4><p begin="00:53:41.85"> [SPEAKING ARABIC]</p><p begin="00:53:42.96"></p></div><div style="color:LightGray;" class="subject"><h4>Interpreter</h4><p begin="00:53:44.58">
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|
So we were preparing lies, you know, just in case that came in and they
|
|
started questioning us. And you know, we were going to say like, "Oh,
|
|
we're just girls here hanging out at her house, and we're just having
|
|
breakfast together. A morning coffee or a mate.</p></div>
|
|
<div style="color:red; font-size:30px; text-align: center;"> (...) </div>
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<div class="host"><h4>Dana Ballout</h4><p begin="00:56:29.42">
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|
Nusra's other big demand was for Radio Fresh to take women off the air
|
|
completely. Raed had a creative fix for this one too. Again, here's
|
|
Hiba.</p></div><div class="subject"><h4>Hiba Abboud</h4><p begin="00:56:38.54"> [SPEAKING ARABIC]</p><p begin="00:56:39.99"></p></div><div class="subject"><h4>Interpreter</h4><p begin="00:56:43.73">
|
|
So we were having a meeting, and he came and he told us that they
|
|
wanted to transform our voices. You know, now we were going to use
|
|
something to change our voices from female voices to male, and that you
|
|
wouldn't be able to tell that it was a female in the first place.</p></div><div class="subject"><h4>Hiba Abboud</h4><p begin="00:56:58.04"> [SPEAKING ARABIC]</p></div><div class="subject"><h4>Interpreter</h4><p begin="00:57:04.29">
|
|
So when we first heard what our voices sounded like, we were laughing.
|
|
And it was so strange, because we were like, really? This is what people
|
|
are going to listen to? But after a while, it just became normal, and
|
|
it literally got to the point where I could tell you which girl was
|
|
which voice.</p><p begin="00:57:20.73">[CHUCKLING]</p><p begin="00:57:22.93"></p></div><div class="host"><h4>Dana Ballout</h4><p begin="00:57:23.81">
|
|
But these days, Hiba just feels annoyed at the voice. And because the
|
|
voice is so hard to listen to, Radio Fresh reduced how long women speak
|
|
on the air to a fraction of what it was. By this past fall, the Assad
|
|
regime had retaken swaths of the country. And in many other places,
|
|
including Kafrenbel, extremists like Nusra were gaining power. People
|
|
like Raed, people who didn't want Assad or the extremists, they barely
|
|
held any ground.</p>
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<div style="color:red; font-size:30px; text-align: center;"> (...) </div>
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</div>
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</div>
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